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Riskleri ve Fırsatları ile ChatGPT

Yıl 2023, , 365 - 376, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1271477

Öz

Bu çalışmada, günümüzde Yapay Zeka (Artificial Intelligence-AI) alanındaki önemli ilerlemeler sonucunda birçok tartışmalara, kaygılara, hatta komplo teorilerine konu olan ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer-GPT-Önceden Eğitilmiş Üretken Dönüştürücü) olarak adlandırılan büyük dil modeli (Large Language Model-LLM) konusundaki gelişmelere ve sağlayabilecekleri faydalara veya yol açabilecekleri sorunlara dair bir değerlendirme sunulmaktadır. Son yıllarda Google, Microsoft ve Apple gibi teknoloji devleri ve daha birçok firma ya da kurum belirli amaçlar için yapay zeka modellerini kullanmakta ve geliştirmeye de devam etmektedir. Uzun ve çeşitli eğitim yöntemleri kullanılarak sürekli olarak eğitilen farklı yapay zekalar, belirli amaçlara yönelik özelleştirilerek o alanlarda fayda sağlamaları amacıyla hizmet vermektedir. Bu çalışmamıza konu olan ve OpenAI firması tarafından geliştirilmekte olan ChatGPT isimli sohbet botu; teknoloji ile etkileşimimizi önemli ölçüde değiştirebilecek potansiyele sahiptir. ChatGPT sohbet botunun en önemli becerisi; eğitimi sırasında işlediği çok büyük miktarda verinin de yardımıyla yüksek doğrulukta, hatta neredeyse insana yakın denebilecek ölçüde metinleri anlayıp yeni metinler üretebilmesidir. Bu sayede de doğal dil işleme (Natural Language Processing-NLP) ve doğal dil anlama (Natural Language Understanding-NLU) alanlarında devrimsel olasılıklar sunmaktadır. GPT dil modeli üzerine inşa edilen ChatGPT’nin sunduğu bu olasılıklar içerisinde hukuktan tıpa, matematikten finansa, akademik makale yazımından dil tercüme işlemlerine hatta güvenlik açıklarının tespitine kadar geniş bir yelpaze bulunmaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

0886-YL-23

Kaynakça

  • Aljanabi, M., Ghazi, M., Ali, A. H., Abed, A. (2023). ChatGpt: Open Possibilities. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.52866/ ijcsm.2023.01.01.0018
  • Alshater, M. (2022). Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Academic Performance: A Case Study of ChatGPT. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312358
  • ChatGPT AI Chatbot (2023). ChatGPT is a new AI chatbot that can answer questions and write essays. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/13/chatgpt-is-a-new-ai-chatbot-that-can-answer-questions-and-write-essays.html (Access Date: 02.03.2023)
  • ChatGPT LLM (2023). ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue. https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/ (Access Date: 27.02.2023)
  • Choi, J. H., Hickman, K. E., Monahan, A., Schwarcz, D. B. (2023). ChatGPT Goes to Law School. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4335905
  • Frey, C. B., Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  • Frieder, S., Pinchetti, L., Griffiths, R.-R., Salvatori, T., Lukasiewicz, T., Petersen, P. C., Chevalier, A., Berner, J. (2023). Mathematical Capabilities of ChatGPT (arXiv:2301.13867). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13867
  • GPT-4 (2023). GPT-4 OpenAI. https://openai.com/research/gpt-4 (Acess Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt4 Türkiye (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&geo=TR&q=gpt4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt4 Worldwide (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&q=gpt4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt-4 Türkiye (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&geo=TR&q=gpt-4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt-4 Woldwide (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&q=gpt-4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt Türkiye (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&geo=TR&q=gpt&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt Worldwide (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&q=gpt&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Jalil, S., Rafi, S., LaToza, T. D., Moran, K., Lam, W. (2023). ChatGPT and Software Testing Education: Promises & Perils (arXiv:2302.03287). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.03287
  • Jeblick, K., Schachtner, B., Dexl, J., Mittermeier, A., Stüber, A. T., Topalis, J., Weber, T., Wesp, P., Sabel, B., Ricke, J., Ingrisch, M. (2022). ChatGPT Makes Medicine Easy to Swallow: An Exploratory Case Study on Simplified Radiology
  • Reports (arXiv:2212.14882). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.14882
  • Li, Y., Choi, D., Chung, J., Kushman, N., Schrittwieser, J., Leblond, R., Eccles, T., Keeling, J., Gimeno, F., Lago, A. D., Hubert,
  • T., Choy, P., d’Autume, C. de M., Babuschkin, I., Chen, X., Huang, P.-S., Welbl, J., Gowal, S., Cherepanov, A., Vinyals, O. (2022). Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode. Science, 378(6624), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq1158
  • Lund, B. D., Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: How may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library Hi Tech News. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-01-2023-0009
  • OpenAI (2023). GPT-4 Technical Report (arXiv:2303.08774). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774
  • OpenAI Company (2023). About OpenAI. https://openai.com/about/ (Access Date: 21.02.2023)
  • QuixBugs (2023). QuixBugs Benchmark. https://jkoppel.github.io/QuixBugs/ (Access Date: 02.03.2023)
  • Rudolph, J., Tan, S., Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
  • Should professors worry? (2023). AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04397-7 (Access Date: 28.02.2023)
  • Sobania, D., Briesch, M., Hanna, C., Petke, J. (2023). An Analysis of the Automatic Bug Fixing Performance of ChatGPT (arXiv:2301.08653). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08653
  • Susnjak, T. (2022). ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity? (arXiv:2212.09292). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09292
  • Zhai, X. (2021). Practices and Theories: How Can Machine Learning Assist in Innovative Assessment Practices in Science Education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30(2), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-021-09901-8
  • Zhai, X. (2022). ChatGPT User Experience: Implications for Education. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312418

Chatgpt With Risks And Opportunities

Yıl 2023, , 365 - 376, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1271477

Öz

In this paper, we present a review of the developments in the Large Language Model (LLM) known as ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), which has been the subject of many discussions, concerns, and even conspiracy theories as a result of today's significant advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the benefits or concerns they can cause. Today, technology giants like Google, Microsoft, Apple, and numerous other businesses and organizations are constantly implementing artificial intelligence for specific purposes. Various artificial intelligences are customized for specific purposes and serve to provide benefits in those areas after being continuously trained through several different trainings. The subject of this study, ChatGPT language model, which is being developed by OpenAI, has the potential to significantly change the way we interact with technology. The most important capability of ChatGPT language model is its ability to understand texts, images and generate new texts with high accuracy, almost human-like, using the massive amount of data it processes during training. As a result, it provides revolutionary opportunities in the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Natural Language Understanding (NLU). Capabilities of ChatGPT, range from law to medicine, mathematics to finance, academic article writing to language translation, and security vulnerability detection.

Proje Numarası

0886-YL-23

Kaynakça

  • Aljanabi, M., Ghazi, M., Ali, A. H., Abed, A. (2023). ChatGpt: Open Possibilities. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.52866/ ijcsm.2023.01.01.0018
  • Alshater, M. (2022). Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Academic Performance: A Case Study of ChatGPT. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312358
  • ChatGPT AI Chatbot (2023). ChatGPT is a new AI chatbot that can answer questions and write essays. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/13/chatgpt-is-a-new-ai-chatbot-that-can-answer-questions-and-write-essays.html (Access Date: 02.03.2023)
  • ChatGPT LLM (2023). ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue. https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/ (Access Date: 27.02.2023)
  • Choi, J. H., Hickman, K. E., Monahan, A., Schwarcz, D. B. (2023). ChatGPT Goes to Law School. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4335905
  • Frey, C. B., Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  • Frieder, S., Pinchetti, L., Griffiths, R.-R., Salvatori, T., Lukasiewicz, T., Petersen, P. C., Chevalier, A., Berner, J. (2023). Mathematical Capabilities of ChatGPT (arXiv:2301.13867). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13867
  • GPT-4 (2023). GPT-4 OpenAI. https://openai.com/research/gpt-4 (Acess Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt4 Türkiye (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&geo=TR&q=gpt4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt4 Worldwide (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&q=gpt4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt-4 Türkiye (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&geo=TR&q=gpt-4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt-4 Woldwide (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&q=gpt-4&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt Türkiye (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&geo=TR&q=gpt&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Gpt Worldwide (2023). Google Trendler. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2022-11-01%202023-03-25&q=gpt&hl=tr (Access Date: 25.03.2023)
  • Jalil, S., Rafi, S., LaToza, T. D., Moran, K., Lam, W. (2023). ChatGPT and Software Testing Education: Promises & Perils (arXiv:2302.03287). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.03287
  • Jeblick, K., Schachtner, B., Dexl, J., Mittermeier, A., Stüber, A. T., Topalis, J., Weber, T., Wesp, P., Sabel, B., Ricke, J., Ingrisch, M. (2022). ChatGPT Makes Medicine Easy to Swallow: An Exploratory Case Study on Simplified Radiology
  • Reports (arXiv:2212.14882). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.14882
  • Li, Y., Choi, D., Chung, J., Kushman, N., Schrittwieser, J., Leblond, R., Eccles, T., Keeling, J., Gimeno, F., Lago, A. D., Hubert,
  • T., Choy, P., d’Autume, C. de M., Babuschkin, I., Chen, X., Huang, P.-S., Welbl, J., Gowal, S., Cherepanov, A., Vinyals, O. (2022). Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode. Science, 378(6624), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq1158
  • Lund, B. D., Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: How may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library Hi Tech News. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-01-2023-0009
  • OpenAI (2023). GPT-4 Technical Report (arXiv:2303.08774). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774
  • OpenAI Company (2023). About OpenAI. https://openai.com/about/ (Access Date: 21.02.2023)
  • QuixBugs (2023). QuixBugs Benchmark. https://jkoppel.github.io/QuixBugs/ (Access Date: 02.03.2023)
  • Rudolph, J., Tan, S., Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
  • Should professors worry? (2023). AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04397-7 (Access Date: 28.02.2023)
  • Sobania, D., Briesch, M., Hanna, C., Petke, J. (2023). An Analysis of the Automatic Bug Fixing Performance of ChatGPT (arXiv:2301.08653). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08653
  • Susnjak, T. (2022). ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity? (arXiv:2212.09292). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09292
  • Zhai, X. (2021). Practices and Theories: How Can Machine Learning Assist in Innovative Assessment Practices in Science Education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30(2), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-021-09901-8
  • Zhai, X. (2022). ChatGPT User Experience: Implications for Education. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312418
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme Makale
Yazarlar

Tarık Kabak 0000-0002-2187-3746

İsmail Kırbaş 0000-0002-1206-8294

Proje Numarası 0886-YL-23
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Kabak, T., & Kırbaş, İ. (2023). Chatgpt With Risks And Opportunities. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(2), 365-376. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1271477