Biology and Natural Sources of Vitamin D

Öz

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are among the important health problems worldwide. Vitamin D, which is synthesized by sun exposure (specific wavelength ultraviolet UVB rays), is known to act as a natural protector, preventing and delaying many chronic and autoimmune diseases, as well as its regulatory role in calcium and phosphate metabolism. People and other creatures need vitamin D to keep their lives healthy and strong. In this review, after briefly mentioning the importance of vitamin D for health, information based on the studies in the literature has been presented about the creatures rich in vitamin D metabolites, especially for the purpose of people to benefit from other organisms as a source of vitamin D. Although there are few ecological data on this subject, various findings have been compiled about the species that synthesize and accumulate vitamin D, which we can use as natural sources. In the studies done, phytoplanktonic algae, reindeer lichen, fungi and also fish and lichens accumulating vitamin D are among the creatures that produce high amounts of vitamin D with the effect of UVB. In addition, in this study, explanatory information on the photochemical synthesis metabolism and biology of the vitamin D and the biological and environmental factors affecting the formation of vitamin D are included. This review focuses on the potential of living things that can provide a predictable vitamin D source for humans.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Natural D3 sources
• Vitamin D
• ergosterol
• cholecalciferol
• UVB

D Vitamininin Biyolojisi ve Doğal Kaynakları

Öz

Dünya genelinde D vitamini eksikliği ve yetersizliği önemli sağlık sorunları arasındadır. Güneşe maruziyet ile (belirli dalga boyundaki ultraviyole UVB ışınları) sentezlenen D vitamininin kalsiyum ve fosfat metabolizmalarını düzenleyici rolünün yanında, doğal koruma, pek çok kronik ve otoimmün hastalığı önleme ve geciktirmede görev yaptığı bilin-mektedir. İnsanların ve diğer canlıların yaşamlarını sağlıklı ve güçlü sürdürebilmeleri için belirli seviyede tutulması gereken D vitaminine ihtiyaçları vardır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, D vitamininin sağlık için önemine kısaca değinildik-ten sonra, insanların D vitamini kaynağı olarak diğer organizmalardan faydalanabilmesi hedefine yönelik olarak, özellikle doğadaki D vitamini metabolitleri bakımından zengin canlılar ile ilgili bugüne kadar literatürde yer alan ça-lışmalara dayanan bilgiler sunulmuştur. Bu konuda ekolojik verilerin oldukça az olduğu görülmekle birlikte, bitkisel ve hayvansal doğal kaynaklar olarak yararlanabilecek D vitamini sentezleyen ve biriktiren canlı türleri hakkında çeşitli bulgular derlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, UVB etkisiyle yüksek miktarda D vitamini üreten canlılar arasında fitop-lanktonik algler, Ren geyiği likeni, mantarlar ve D vitamini biriktiren balıklar ve likenler sayılmaktadır. Bunların yanı sıra bu çalışmada, D vitaminin biyolojisi ve fotokimyasal sentez metabolizması ve D vitamininin oluşumunu etkile-yen biyolojik ve çevresel faktörler hakkında açıklayıcı bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Bu derleme, insanlar için öngörülebilir D vitamini kaynağı sağlayabilecek canlıların potansiyeline odaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal D3 kaynakları
• D vitamini
• ergosterol
• kolekalsiferol
• UVB

Kaynakça

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