Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Işıklı Gölü'nde Yaşayan Turna Balığı (Esox lucius l., 1758)'nın Kas, Karaciğer ve Solungaçlarındaki Ağır Metal Seviyelerinin Mevsimsel Değişimi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 40 - 45, 12.01.2017

Öz

Bu çalışma Ekim 2012 ve Temmuz 2013 tarihleri
arasında yapılmış ve Işıklı Gölü'nde yaşayan turna balığı'nın kas, karaciğer ve
solungaçlarındaki bazı ağır metallerin seviyelerinin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Cihazımızın çalışma doğruluğunu saptamak amacıyla DORM-3 ve
DOLT-4 standart referans materyallerinden de metal analizi yapılarak, elde
edilen değerler Kanada Ulusal Konseyi tarafından verilen değerlerle
kıyaslanmıştır. Cr dışındaki tüm metaller her mevsimde her dokuda tespit
edilmiştir. Cr'un karaciğerde yaz ve sonbaharda, kaslarda yaz mevsiminde analiz
limitinin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak, metallerin en fazla
karaciğerde biriktiği, kaslarda ise en düşük seviyede olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Ağır metal seviyeleri yaz ve kış mevsimlerinde artmış, sonbahar ve ilkbahar
mevsimlerinde azalmıştır. Sonuçların bazıları WHO, EC ve Türk Gıda Koteksi
tarafından verilen limit değerlerin üstünde bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, gelecekte
tarımın gelişmesine bağlı olarak bu bölgede bir tehlikenin oluşabileceğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adnano, D.C. (1986). Trace Metals in the Terrestrial Environment. Springer Verlag, New York.
  • Akarsu, F., Bayılı, B., Eroğlu, V. (2006). Işıklı Gölü Türkiye’nin Önemli Doğa Alanları. Türkiye.
  • Al-Yousuf, M.H., El-Shahawi, M.S., Al-Ghais, S.M. (2000). Trace elements in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. Sci Total Environ 256 (2-3): 87-94.
  • Aygen, C., Balık, S. (2005). Işıklı Gölü ve kaynaklarının (Çivril- Denizli) Crustacea Faunası. Ege JFAS 22 (3-4): 371-75.
  • Başyiğit, B., Tekin-Özan, S. (2013). Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment, and tissues of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Karataş Lake related to physico-chemical parameters, fish size and seasons. Pol J Environ Stud 22 (3): 11-22.
  • Canpolat, Ö., Çalta, M. (2003). Heavy metals in some tissues and organs of Capoeta capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) fish species in relation to body size, age, sex and seasons. Fresen Environ Bull 12 (9): 961-966.
  • Coulibaly, S., Atse, B.C., Koffi, K.M., Sylla, S., Konan, K.J., Kouassi, N.J. (2012). Seasonal accumulations of some heavy metal in water, sediment and tissues of black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron from Bietri Bay in Ebrie Lagoon, Ivory Coast. B Environ Contam Tox 88(4): 571-579.
  • Dallinger, R., Prosi, F., Senger, H., Back, H. (1987). Contaminated food and uptake of heavy metals by fish (a review and proposal for further research). Oecologia Berlin 73: 91-98.
  • Dawson, E.J., Macklin, M.G. (1998). Speciation of heavy metals in floodplain and flood sediments: a reconnaissance survey of the Aire Valley, West Yorkshire, Great Britain. Environ Geochem Hlth 20: 67-76.
  • EC (Commission Regulation) (2006). Council directive 98/83 Ec of 3 November 1998/ on the quality of water intended for human consumption. L 330/32, 3.12.1998. Maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. No: 1881/2006, 1998.
  • EPA (2009). Aquatic biodiversity. http://www.epa.gov/bioiwebl/aquatic/pollution.html.
  • Fidan, A.F., Ciğerci, İ.H., Konuk, M., Küçükkurt, İ., Aslan, R., Dündar, Y. (2008). Determination of some heavy metal levels and oxidative status in Carassius carassius L., 1758 from Eber Lake. Environ Monit Assess 147 (1-3): 35-41.
  • Fulladosa, E., Deane, E., Ng, A.H., Woo, N.Y., Murat, J.C., Villaescusa, I. (2006). Stress proteins induced by exposure to sublethal levels of heavy metals in sea bream (Sparus sarba) blood cells. Toxicol In Vitro 20(1): 96-100.
  • Göksu, Z.L. (2003). Su Kirliliği. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları. No: 7, Adana.
  • Hadson, P.V. (1988). The effect of metabolism on uptake, disposition and toxicity in fish. Aquat Toxicol 11(1-2): 3-18.
  • Harte, J., Holdren, C., Schneider, R., Shirley, C. (1991). Toxics A to Z, A Guide Everyday Pollution Hazards. University of California Press, Oxford.
  • Heath, A.G. (1987). Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. CRP Press Inc, Florida.
  • Hughes, G.M., Flos, R. (1978). Zinc content of the gills of rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) after treatment with zinc solutions under marmoxic and hypoxic conditions. J Fish Biol 13: 717-28.
  • Iqbal, J., Shah, M.H. (2014). Study of seasonal variations and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio from Rawal Lake, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 186 (49): 2025-2037.
  • Kalay, M., Canlı, M. (2000). Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and non-essential (Cd, Pb) metals from tissues of a freshwater fish Tilapia zillii following an uptake protocol. Turk J Zool 24: 429-436.
  • Kalay, M., Koyuncu, C.E., Dönmez, A.E. (2004). Comparison of cadmium levels in the muscle and liver tissues of Mullus barbatus (L., 1758) and Sparus aurata (L., 1758) caught from Mersin Gulf. Ecology 13 (529): 23-27.
  • Karadede, H., Oymak, S.A., Ünlü, E. (2004). Heavy metals in mullet, Liza abu, and catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Environ Int 30 (2): 183-188.
  • Karadede-Akın, H. (2009). Seasonal variations of heavy metals in water, sediments, pondweed (P. pectinatus L., ) and freshwater fish (C.c. umbla ) of Lake Hazar (Elazığ-Turkey). Fresen Environ Bull 18 (4): 511-518.
  • Kotze, P., Preez, H.H., Van Vuren, J.H.J. (1999). Bioaccumulation of copper and zinc Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus form the Olifants river, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Water SA 25: 99-100.
  • Liu, F., Ni, H.G., Chen, F., Lou, Z.X., Shen, H., Liu, L., Wu, P. (2012). Metal accumulation in the tissues of grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from fresh water around a copper mine in Southeast China. Environ Monit Assess 184 (7): 4289-4299.
  • Mohammadi, M., Sary, A.A., Khodadadi, M. (2011). Determination of heavy metals in two barbs ,Barbus grypus and Barbus zanthopterus in Karoon and Dez Rivers, Khoozestan, Iran. B Environ Contam Tox 87: 158-162.
  • Newman, M.C., Doubet, D.K. (1989). Size-dependence of mercury (II) accumulation kinetics in the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard). Arch Environ Con Tox 18: 819-825.
  • Phillips, D.J.H. (1990). Arsenic in aquatic organisms: A review, emphasisisng chemical speciation. Aquat Toxicol 16: 151-186.
  • Pourang, N. (1995). Heavy metal bioaccumulation in different tissues of two fish species with regard to their feeding habits and trophic levels. Environ Monit Assess 35: 207-219.
  • Puttaiah, E.T., Kiran, B.R. (2008). Heavy metals transport in a sewage fed lake of Karanataka, India. The 12th World Lake Conference, 347-354.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (2002). Su ürünleri kanunu ve su ürünleri yönetmeliği. Ankara. 63-78 pp.
  • Schüürmann, G., Markert, B. (1998). Ecotoxicology, Ecological Fundamentals, Chemical Expesure and Biological Effects. Wiley and Spektrum Akademischer, Verlag 900.
  • Tekin-Özan, S. (2008). Determination of heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey). Environ Monit Assess 145: 295-302.
  • Tepe, Y., Türkmen, M., Türkmen, A. (2008). Assessment of heavy metals in two commercial fish species of four Turkish seas. Environ Monit Assess 146: 277-284.
  • Thomas, D.G., Cryer, A., Solbe, J., De, L.G., Kay, J.A. (1983). Comparison and protein binding of environmental cadmium in the gills, kidney and liver of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Comp Biochem Phys 76: 241-246.
  • UNESCO/WHO/UNEP (1992). Water quality assessments, pp.10-13. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London.
  • Varanasi, U., Markey, D. (1978). Uptake and release of lead and cadmium in skin and mucus of coho salmon (Oncorynchus kisutch). Comp Biochem Phys 60: 187-91.
  • Zhong, I., Wong, M.H. (2007). Environmental mercury contamination in China: Sources and impacts. Environ Int 33: 108-121.

The Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metal Levels in Muscle, Liver and Gill of Pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) Inhabiting Işıklı Lake (Turkey)

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 40 - 45, 12.01.2017

Öz

This study was carried
out between October 2012 and July 2013 and the aim of the current study is to
investigate to determine levels of some heavy metals in muscle, liver and gills
of pike in Işıklı Lake, Turkey. To determine the accuracy of our device, metal
levels were analyzed in DORM-3 and DOLT -4 standard reference materials, the
resulting values ​​were compared with values ​​given by the National Council of
Canada. Except Cr, all metals were determined in all tissues in all seasons. Cr
was below detection limit in liver in autumn and summer and in muscle in
summer. Generally, higher metal levels were found in liver, while the lowest
were determined in muscle tissue of pike. Heavy metal levels in tissues
increased in summer and winter, but decreased in autumn and spring. Some of the
results were above the limits for fish given by WHO, EC and Turkish Food Codex.
This study shows that a potential danger may occur in this region in the future
depending on the agricultural development.

Kaynakça

  • Adnano, D.C. (1986). Trace Metals in the Terrestrial Environment. Springer Verlag, New York.
  • Akarsu, F., Bayılı, B., Eroğlu, V. (2006). Işıklı Gölü Türkiye’nin Önemli Doğa Alanları. Türkiye.
  • Al-Yousuf, M.H., El-Shahawi, M.S., Al-Ghais, S.M. (2000). Trace elements in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. Sci Total Environ 256 (2-3): 87-94.
  • Aygen, C., Balık, S. (2005). Işıklı Gölü ve kaynaklarının (Çivril- Denizli) Crustacea Faunası. Ege JFAS 22 (3-4): 371-75.
  • Başyiğit, B., Tekin-Özan, S. (2013). Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment, and tissues of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Karataş Lake related to physico-chemical parameters, fish size and seasons. Pol J Environ Stud 22 (3): 11-22.
  • Canpolat, Ö., Çalta, M. (2003). Heavy metals in some tissues and organs of Capoeta capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) fish species in relation to body size, age, sex and seasons. Fresen Environ Bull 12 (9): 961-966.
  • Coulibaly, S., Atse, B.C., Koffi, K.M., Sylla, S., Konan, K.J., Kouassi, N.J. (2012). Seasonal accumulations of some heavy metal in water, sediment and tissues of black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron from Bietri Bay in Ebrie Lagoon, Ivory Coast. B Environ Contam Tox 88(4): 571-579.
  • Dallinger, R., Prosi, F., Senger, H., Back, H. (1987). Contaminated food and uptake of heavy metals by fish (a review and proposal for further research). Oecologia Berlin 73: 91-98.
  • Dawson, E.J., Macklin, M.G. (1998). Speciation of heavy metals in floodplain and flood sediments: a reconnaissance survey of the Aire Valley, West Yorkshire, Great Britain. Environ Geochem Hlth 20: 67-76.
  • EC (Commission Regulation) (2006). Council directive 98/83 Ec of 3 November 1998/ on the quality of water intended for human consumption. L 330/32, 3.12.1998. Maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. No: 1881/2006, 1998.
  • EPA (2009). Aquatic biodiversity. http://www.epa.gov/bioiwebl/aquatic/pollution.html.
  • Fidan, A.F., Ciğerci, İ.H., Konuk, M., Küçükkurt, İ., Aslan, R., Dündar, Y. (2008). Determination of some heavy metal levels and oxidative status in Carassius carassius L., 1758 from Eber Lake. Environ Monit Assess 147 (1-3): 35-41.
  • Fulladosa, E., Deane, E., Ng, A.H., Woo, N.Y., Murat, J.C., Villaescusa, I. (2006). Stress proteins induced by exposure to sublethal levels of heavy metals in sea bream (Sparus sarba) blood cells. Toxicol In Vitro 20(1): 96-100.
  • Göksu, Z.L. (2003). Su Kirliliği. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları. No: 7, Adana.
  • Hadson, P.V. (1988). The effect of metabolism on uptake, disposition and toxicity in fish. Aquat Toxicol 11(1-2): 3-18.
  • Harte, J., Holdren, C., Schneider, R., Shirley, C. (1991). Toxics A to Z, A Guide Everyday Pollution Hazards. University of California Press, Oxford.
  • Heath, A.G. (1987). Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. CRP Press Inc, Florida.
  • Hughes, G.M., Flos, R. (1978). Zinc content of the gills of rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) after treatment with zinc solutions under marmoxic and hypoxic conditions. J Fish Biol 13: 717-28.
  • Iqbal, J., Shah, M.H. (2014). Study of seasonal variations and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio from Rawal Lake, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 186 (49): 2025-2037.
  • Kalay, M., Canlı, M. (2000). Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and non-essential (Cd, Pb) metals from tissues of a freshwater fish Tilapia zillii following an uptake protocol. Turk J Zool 24: 429-436.
  • Kalay, M., Koyuncu, C.E., Dönmez, A.E. (2004). Comparison of cadmium levels in the muscle and liver tissues of Mullus barbatus (L., 1758) and Sparus aurata (L., 1758) caught from Mersin Gulf. Ecology 13 (529): 23-27.
  • Karadede, H., Oymak, S.A., Ünlü, E. (2004). Heavy metals in mullet, Liza abu, and catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Environ Int 30 (2): 183-188.
  • Karadede-Akın, H. (2009). Seasonal variations of heavy metals in water, sediments, pondweed (P. pectinatus L., ) and freshwater fish (C.c. umbla ) of Lake Hazar (Elazığ-Turkey). Fresen Environ Bull 18 (4): 511-518.
  • Kotze, P., Preez, H.H., Van Vuren, J.H.J. (1999). Bioaccumulation of copper and zinc Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus form the Olifants river, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Water SA 25: 99-100.
  • Liu, F., Ni, H.G., Chen, F., Lou, Z.X., Shen, H., Liu, L., Wu, P. (2012). Metal accumulation in the tissues of grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from fresh water around a copper mine in Southeast China. Environ Monit Assess 184 (7): 4289-4299.
  • Mohammadi, M., Sary, A.A., Khodadadi, M. (2011). Determination of heavy metals in two barbs ,Barbus grypus and Barbus zanthopterus in Karoon and Dez Rivers, Khoozestan, Iran. B Environ Contam Tox 87: 158-162.
  • Newman, M.C., Doubet, D.K. (1989). Size-dependence of mercury (II) accumulation kinetics in the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard). Arch Environ Con Tox 18: 819-825.
  • Phillips, D.J.H. (1990). Arsenic in aquatic organisms: A review, emphasisisng chemical speciation. Aquat Toxicol 16: 151-186.
  • Pourang, N. (1995). Heavy metal bioaccumulation in different tissues of two fish species with regard to their feeding habits and trophic levels. Environ Monit Assess 35: 207-219.
  • Puttaiah, E.T., Kiran, B.R. (2008). Heavy metals transport in a sewage fed lake of Karanataka, India. The 12th World Lake Conference, 347-354.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (2002). Su ürünleri kanunu ve su ürünleri yönetmeliği. Ankara. 63-78 pp.
  • Schüürmann, G., Markert, B. (1998). Ecotoxicology, Ecological Fundamentals, Chemical Expesure and Biological Effects. Wiley and Spektrum Akademischer, Verlag 900.
  • Tekin-Özan, S. (2008). Determination of heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey). Environ Monit Assess 145: 295-302.
  • Tepe, Y., Türkmen, M., Türkmen, A. (2008). Assessment of heavy metals in two commercial fish species of four Turkish seas. Environ Monit Assess 146: 277-284.
  • Thomas, D.G., Cryer, A., Solbe, J., De, L.G., Kay, J.A. (1983). Comparison and protein binding of environmental cadmium in the gills, kidney and liver of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Comp Biochem Phys 76: 241-246.
  • UNESCO/WHO/UNEP (1992). Water quality assessments, pp.10-13. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London.
  • Varanasi, U., Markey, D. (1978). Uptake and release of lead and cadmium in skin and mucus of coho salmon (Oncorynchus kisutch). Comp Biochem Phys 60: 187-91.
  • Zhong, I., Wong, M.H. (2007). Environmental mercury contamination in China: Sources and impacts. Environ Int 33: 108-121.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Belma Gülcü Gür Bu kişi benim

Selda Tekin-özan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülcü Gür, B., & Tekin-özan, S. (2017). The Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metal Levels in Muscle, Liver and Gill of Pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) Inhabiting Işıklı Lake (Turkey). Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 40-45.