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Ötücü Kuşlarda (Passeriformes) Moleküler Cinsiyet Tayini ve Önemi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 142 - 147, 11.09.2017

Öz

Birçok ötücü kuş türünün yetişkinleri eşeysel
dimorfizm (yapısal farklılıklar) ve eşeysel dikromatizm (renk farklılığı)
göstermemektedir. Bu nedenle morfolojiye dayalı eşey tayini her zaman mümkün
değildir. Bununla birlikte geleneksel eşey tayini yöntemleri genellikle üreme
dönemindeki yetişkin bireyler için kullanılmakta olup cinsiyeti morfolojik
olarak anlaşılamayan yavru kuşlar için kullanılamamaktadır. Moleküler eşey
tayini yöntemleri ise geleneksel yöntemlere göre daha kolay ve bireyi
öldürmeyen bir seçenek sunmaktadır. Cinsiyet bilgisi davranış ekolojisi, koruma
biyolojisi ve populasyon biyolojisi konulu pek çok çalışma için önem arz
etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı CHD genleri kullanılarak uygulanan moleküler
eşey tayini yöntemi hakkında bilgi vermek, dikkat edilmesi gereken hususları
belirtmek ve konunun önemini vurgulamaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, T., Gonzalez, J., Drovetski, S. V., Wink, M. (2012). Phylogeography and population structure of Kruper’s Nuthatch Sitta krueperi from Turkey based on microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Ornithology, 153(2), 405–411.
  • Aljanabi, S.M., and I. Martinez 1997. Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques. Nucleic acids research, 25(22): 4692-4693.
  • Arctander, P., 1988. Comparative studies of avian DNA by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: Convenient procedures based on blood samples from live birds. Journal of Ornithology, 129(2): 205-216.
  • Balkiz, Ö., Stéphanie Dano, Christophe Barbraud, Serpil Tekin, Uygar Özesmi, Munis Dündar, and Arnaud Béchet 2007. Sexing Greater flamingo chicks from feather bulb DNA. Waterbirds, 30(3): 450-453.
  • Brown, MB., and Charles R. Brown 2009. Blood sampling reduces annual survival in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota). The Auk, 126(4): 853-861.
  • Cerit, H., Avanus, K. 2007a. Sex determination by CHDW and CHDZ genes of avian sex chromosomes in Nymphicus hollandicus. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(6): 371.
  • Cerit, H., Avanus, K. 2007b. Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63(01): 91-100.
  • Chang, H.W., Chun-An Cheng, De-Leung Gu, Chia-Che Chang, San-Hua Su, Cheng-Hao Wen, Yii-Cheng Chou, Ta-Ching Chou, Cheng-Te Yao, Chi-Li Tsai and Chien-Chung Cheng 2008. High-throughput avian molecular sexing by SYBR green-based real-time PCR combined with melting curve analysis. BMC biotechnology, 8(1): 12.
  • Clout, M.N., Mick N. Clout, Graeme P. Elliott, Bruce C. Robertson 2002. Effects of supplementary feeding on the offspring sex ratio of kakapo: a dilemma for the conservation of a polygynous parrot. Biological Conservation, 107(1): 13-18.
  • Dubiec, A., M Zagalska-Neubauer 2006. Molecular techniques for sex identification in birds. Biological Letters, 43(1): 3-12.
  • Ellegren, H., 2000. Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes and their role in sex determination. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15(5): 188-192.
  • Ellegren, H., 2001. Hens, cocks and avian sex determination. EMBO reports 2(3): 192–196.
  • Ewen, J.G., Rohan H Clarke, Emma Moysey, Rebecca L Boulton, Ross H Crozier, Michael F Clarke 2001. Primary sex ratio bias in an endangered cooperatively breeding bird, the black-eared miner, and its implications for conservation. Biological conservation, 101(2): 137-145.
  • Frank, S.A., 1990. Sex allocation theory for birds and mammals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 21: 13-55.
  • Fridolfsson, A.-K., Hans Cheng, Neal G. Copeland, Nancy A. Jenkins, Hsiao-Ching Liu, Terje Raudsepp, Trevor Woodage, Bhanu Chowdhary, Joy Halverson, and Hans Ellegren 1998. Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes from an ancestral pair of autosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(14): 8147-8152.
  • Fridolfsson, A.-K., Ellegren H. 2000. Molecular Evolution of the Avian CHD1 Genes on the Z and W Sex Chromosomes. Genetics, 155(4): 1903-1912.
  • Fridolfsson, A.K., H Ellegren 1999. A simple and universal method for molecular sexing of non-ratite birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 30(1): 116-121.
  • Gill, F., B., 2007. Ornithology. 3rd edition edNew York: W. H. Freeman & Company Publishing. 758 p.
  • Gosler, A., 2004. Birds in the hand, in Bird ecology and conservation: a handbook of techniques, W.J. Sutherland, I. Newton, and R. Green, Editors. Oxford University Press: Oxford. p. 85-119.
  • Griffiths, R., 2000a. Sex Identification using DNA markers, in Molecular Methods in Ecology, A.J. Baker, Editor, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, p. 295-322.
  • Griffiths, R., 2000b. Sex identification in birds. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 9(1): 14-26.
  • Griffiths, R., Tiwari B 1995. Sex of the last wild Spix's macaw. Nature, 375: 454-454.
  • Griffiths, R., RM Korn 1997. A CHD1 gene is Z chromosome linked in the chicken Gallus domesticus. Gene, 197: 225-229.
  • Griffiths, R., MIKE C. DOUBLE, KATE ORR, ROBERT J. G. DAWSON 1998. A DNA test to sex most birds. Molecular Ecology, 7(8): 1071-1075.
  • Harvey, M.G., David N. Bonter, Laura M. Stenzler, Irby J. Lovette 2006. A comparison of plucked feathers versus blood samples as DNA sources for molecular sexing. Journal of Field Ornithology, 77(2): 136-140.
  • Horvath, M.B., Begoña Martínez-Cruz, Juan J. Negro, Lajos Kalmár, José A. Godoy 2005. An overlooked DNA source for non‐invasive genetic analysis in birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 36(1): 84-88.
  • Jensen, T., Flavia M. Pernasetti, Barbara Durrant 2003. Conditions for rapid sex determination in 47 avian species by PCR of genomic DNA from blood, shell membrane blood vessels, and feathers. Zoo Biology, 22(6): 561-571.
  • Kabasakal, B., 2011. Antalya Lütfi Büyükyıldırım Araştırma Ormanı’nda Yaşayan Baştankara (Parus, Aves) Türlerinin Moleküler Cinsiyet Tayini Yöntemiyle Cinsiyete Bağlı Üreme Başarıları ve Ölüm Oranlarının Belirlenmesi, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kabasakal, B., & Albayrak, T. (2012). Offspring sex ratios and breeding success of a population of the Great Tit, Parus major (Aves: Passeriformes). Zoology in the Middle East, 57(1), 27–34.
  • Kahn, N.W., Judith St. John and Thomas W. Quinn 1998. Chromosome-specific intron size differences in the avian CHD gene provide an efficient method for sex identification in birds. The Auk: 1074-1078.
  • Kahn, N.W., Judith St. John and Thomas W. Quinn 1998. Chromosome-specific intron size differences in the avian CHD gene provide an efficient method for sex identification in birds. The Auk: 1074-1078.
  • Komdeur, J., 2004. Sex-ratio manipulation, in Ecology and evolution of cooperative breeding in birds, W.D. Koenig and J.L. Dickinson, Editors. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA. 102-117 p.
  • Komdeur, J., I. Pen 2002. Adaptive sex allocation in birds: the complexities of linking theory and practice. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 357(1419): 373-380.
  • Lubjuhn, T., Jörg Brün, Wolfgang Winkel and Stefanie Muth 1998. Effects of Blood Sampling in Great Tits (Efecto de Tomar Muestras de Sangre en Poecile major). Journal of Field Ornithology: 595-602.
  • Marzal, A., Albayrak, T. (2012). Geographical variation of haemosporidian parasites in Turkish populations of Kruper’s Nuthatch Sitta krueperi. Journal of Ornithology, 153(4), 1225–1231.
  • Parker, J., et al., 1991. Sex ratio in a population of guillemots Uria aalge determined by chromosome analysis. Ibis, 133(4): 423-426.
  • Price, T. and Birch, G. L, 1996. Repeated Evolution of Sexual Color Dımorphism in Passerine Birds. The Auk, 113(4): 842-848.
  • Ralph, C.J., Geoffrey R Geupel, Peter Pyle, Thomas E Martin, David F DeSante, 1993. Handbook of field methods for monitoring landbirds,: California, USA. 41 p.
  • Robertson, B.C., Graeme P Elliott, Daryl K Eason, Mick N Clout, Neil J Gemmell 2006. Sex allocation theory aids species conservation. Biology letters, 2(2): 229.
  • Sambrook, J., Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., Sambrook, J. 1989. Moleculer cloning: a labaratuary manualNew York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
  • Seutin, G., Bradley N. White, Peter T. Boag 1991. Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analyses. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69(1): 82-90.
  • Sheldon, B.C., 1998. Recent studies of avian sex ratios. Heredity, 80(4): 397-402.
  • Sheldon, L.D., Eunice H. Chin, Sharon A. Gill, Gregory Schmaltz, Amy E. M. Newman, Kiran K. Soma 2008. Effects of blood collection on wild birds: an update. Journal of Avian Biology, 39(4): 369-378.
  • Skalski, J.R., Kristen E. Ryding, Joshua J. Millspsugh 2005. Wildlife demography: analysis of sex, age, and count data: Academic Press.
  • Smith, C.A., 2010. Sex determination in birds: a review. EMU, 110: 364-377.
  • Stiglec, R., Ezaz T. · Graves J.A.M. 2007. A new look at the evolution of avian sex chromosomes. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 117(1-4): 103-109.
  • Taberlet, P., Lisette P. Waits, , Gordon Luikart, 1999. Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(8): 323-327.
  • Tegelström, H., Ryttman, H. 1981. Chromosomes in birds (Aves): evolutionary implications of macro and microchromosome numbers and lengths. Hereditas, 94(2): 225-233.
  • Walsh, P.S., Walsh PS , Metzger DA, Higuchi R. 1991. Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material. Biotechniques, 10(4): 506.
  • Wedekind, C., 2002. Manipulating sex ratios for conservation: short term risks and long term benefits. Animal Conservation, 5(1): 13-20.
  • West, S.A., Herre EA., Sheldon, B.C. 2000. The benefits of allocating sex. Science, 290: 288-290.
  • Whittingham, L.A., Dunn, P.O. 2000. Offspring sex ratios in tree swallows: females in better condition produce more sons. Molecular Ecology, 9(8): 1123-1129.

Molecular Sexing in Songbirds (Passeriformes) and its Importance

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 142 - 147, 11.09.2017

Öz

In many passerine
species, adults do not show sexual dimorphism and sexual dichromatism. For this
reason, external morphology is not often used for sex determination.
Furthermore, traditional sexing methods are often used for adults in
reproductive period and cannot be used for nestlings. Molecular sex
determination provides an alternative method which is easier than the
traditional methods. In this manner, it is very important for many studies on
behavioural ecology, conservation biology and population biology. The purpose
of this study is to provide information about the molecular sex determination
method using CHD genes, to specify matters to be considered and to emphasize
the importance of the issue.

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, T., Gonzalez, J., Drovetski, S. V., Wink, M. (2012). Phylogeography and population structure of Kruper’s Nuthatch Sitta krueperi from Turkey based on microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Ornithology, 153(2), 405–411.
  • Aljanabi, S.M., and I. Martinez 1997. Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques. Nucleic acids research, 25(22): 4692-4693.
  • Arctander, P., 1988. Comparative studies of avian DNA by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: Convenient procedures based on blood samples from live birds. Journal of Ornithology, 129(2): 205-216.
  • Balkiz, Ö., Stéphanie Dano, Christophe Barbraud, Serpil Tekin, Uygar Özesmi, Munis Dündar, and Arnaud Béchet 2007. Sexing Greater flamingo chicks from feather bulb DNA. Waterbirds, 30(3): 450-453.
  • Brown, MB., and Charles R. Brown 2009. Blood sampling reduces annual survival in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota). The Auk, 126(4): 853-861.
  • Cerit, H., Avanus, K. 2007a. Sex determination by CHDW and CHDZ genes of avian sex chromosomes in Nymphicus hollandicus. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(6): 371.
  • Cerit, H., Avanus, K. 2007b. Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63(01): 91-100.
  • Chang, H.W., Chun-An Cheng, De-Leung Gu, Chia-Che Chang, San-Hua Su, Cheng-Hao Wen, Yii-Cheng Chou, Ta-Ching Chou, Cheng-Te Yao, Chi-Li Tsai and Chien-Chung Cheng 2008. High-throughput avian molecular sexing by SYBR green-based real-time PCR combined with melting curve analysis. BMC biotechnology, 8(1): 12.
  • Clout, M.N., Mick N. Clout, Graeme P. Elliott, Bruce C. Robertson 2002. Effects of supplementary feeding on the offspring sex ratio of kakapo: a dilemma for the conservation of a polygynous parrot. Biological Conservation, 107(1): 13-18.
  • Dubiec, A., M Zagalska-Neubauer 2006. Molecular techniques for sex identification in birds. Biological Letters, 43(1): 3-12.
  • Ellegren, H., 2000. Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes and their role in sex determination. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15(5): 188-192.
  • Ellegren, H., 2001. Hens, cocks and avian sex determination. EMBO reports 2(3): 192–196.
  • Ewen, J.G., Rohan H Clarke, Emma Moysey, Rebecca L Boulton, Ross H Crozier, Michael F Clarke 2001. Primary sex ratio bias in an endangered cooperatively breeding bird, the black-eared miner, and its implications for conservation. Biological conservation, 101(2): 137-145.
  • Frank, S.A., 1990. Sex allocation theory for birds and mammals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 21: 13-55.
  • Fridolfsson, A.-K., Hans Cheng, Neal G. Copeland, Nancy A. Jenkins, Hsiao-Ching Liu, Terje Raudsepp, Trevor Woodage, Bhanu Chowdhary, Joy Halverson, and Hans Ellegren 1998. Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes from an ancestral pair of autosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(14): 8147-8152.
  • Fridolfsson, A.-K., Ellegren H. 2000. Molecular Evolution of the Avian CHD1 Genes on the Z and W Sex Chromosomes. Genetics, 155(4): 1903-1912.
  • Fridolfsson, A.K., H Ellegren 1999. A simple and universal method for molecular sexing of non-ratite birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 30(1): 116-121.
  • Gill, F., B., 2007. Ornithology. 3rd edition edNew York: W. H. Freeman & Company Publishing. 758 p.
  • Gosler, A., 2004. Birds in the hand, in Bird ecology and conservation: a handbook of techniques, W.J. Sutherland, I. Newton, and R. Green, Editors. Oxford University Press: Oxford. p. 85-119.
  • Griffiths, R., 2000a. Sex Identification using DNA markers, in Molecular Methods in Ecology, A.J. Baker, Editor, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, p. 295-322.
  • Griffiths, R., 2000b. Sex identification in birds. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 9(1): 14-26.
  • Griffiths, R., Tiwari B 1995. Sex of the last wild Spix's macaw. Nature, 375: 454-454.
  • Griffiths, R., RM Korn 1997. A CHD1 gene is Z chromosome linked in the chicken Gallus domesticus. Gene, 197: 225-229.
  • Griffiths, R., MIKE C. DOUBLE, KATE ORR, ROBERT J. G. DAWSON 1998. A DNA test to sex most birds. Molecular Ecology, 7(8): 1071-1075.
  • Harvey, M.G., David N. Bonter, Laura M. Stenzler, Irby J. Lovette 2006. A comparison of plucked feathers versus blood samples as DNA sources for molecular sexing. Journal of Field Ornithology, 77(2): 136-140.
  • Horvath, M.B., Begoña Martínez-Cruz, Juan J. Negro, Lajos Kalmár, José A. Godoy 2005. An overlooked DNA source for non‐invasive genetic analysis in birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 36(1): 84-88.
  • Jensen, T., Flavia M. Pernasetti, Barbara Durrant 2003. Conditions for rapid sex determination in 47 avian species by PCR of genomic DNA from blood, shell membrane blood vessels, and feathers. Zoo Biology, 22(6): 561-571.
  • Kabasakal, B., 2011. Antalya Lütfi Büyükyıldırım Araştırma Ormanı’nda Yaşayan Baştankara (Parus, Aves) Türlerinin Moleküler Cinsiyet Tayini Yöntemiyle Cinsiyete Bağlı Üreme Başarıları ve Ölüm Oranlarının Belirlenmesi, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kabasakal, B., & Albayrak, T. (2012). Offspring sex ratios and breeding success of a population of the Great Tit, Parus major (Aves: Passeriformes). Zoology in the Middle East, 57(1), 27–34.
  • Kahn, N.W., Judith St. John and Thomas W. Quinn 1998. Chromosome-specific intron size differences in the avian CHD gene provide an efficient method for sex identification in birds. The Auk: 1074-1078.
  • Kahn, N.W., Judith St. John and Thomas W. Quinn 1998. Chromosome-specific intron size differences in the avian CHD gene provide an efficient method for sex identification in birds. The Auk: 1074-1078.
  • Komdeur, J., 2004. Sex-ratio manipulation, in Ecology and evolution of cooperative breeding in birds, W.D. Koenig and J.L. Dickinson, Editors. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA. 102-117 p.
  • Komdeur, J., I. Pen 2002. Adaptive sex allocation in birds: the complexities of linking theory and practice. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 357(1419): 373-380.
  • Lubjuhn, T., Jörg Brün, Wolfgang Winkel and Stefanie Muth 1998. Effects of Blood Sampling in Great Tits (Efecto de Tomar Muestras de Sangre en Poecile major). Journal of Field Ornithology: 595-602.
  • Marzal, A., Albayrak, T. (2012). Geographical variation of haemosporidian parasites in Turkish populations of Kruper’s Nuthatch Sitta krueperi. Journal of Ornithology, 153(4), 1225–1231.
  • Parker, J., et al., 1991. Sex ratio in a population of guillemots Uria aalge determined by chromosome analysis. Ibis, 133(4): 423-426.
  • Price, T. and Birch, G. L, 1996. Repeated Evolution of Sexual Color Dımorphism in Passerine Birds. The Auk, 113(4): 842-848.
  • Ralph, C.J., Geoffrey R Geupel, Peter Pyle, Thomas E Martin, David F DeSante, 1993. Handbook of field methods for monitoring landbirds,: California, USA. 41 p.
  • Robertson, B.C., Graeme P Elliott, Daryl K Eason, Mick N Clout, Neil J Gemmell 2006. Sex allocation theory aids species conservation. Biology letters, 2(2): 229.
  • Sambrook, J., Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., Sambrook, J. 1989. Moleculer cloning: a labaratuary manualNew York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
  • Seutin, G., Bradley N. White, Peter T. Boag 1991. Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analyses. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69(1): 82-90.
  • Sheldon, B.C., 1998. Recent studies of avian sex ratios. Heredity, 80(4): 397-402.
  • Sheldon, L.D., Eunice H. Chin, Sharon A. Gill, Gregory Schmaltz, Amy E. M. Newman, Kiran K. Soma 2008. Effects of blood collection on wild birds: an update. Journal of Avian Biology, 39(4): 369-378.
  • Skalski, J.R., Kristen E. Ryding, Joshua J. Millspsugh 2005. Wildlife demography: analysis of sex, age, and count data: Academic Press.
  • Smith, C.A., 2010. Sex determination in birds: a review. EMU, 110: 364-377.
  • Stiglec, R., Ezaz T. · Graves J.A.M. 2007. A new look at the evolution of avian sex chromosomes. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 117(1-4): 103-109.
  • Taberlet, P., Lisette P. Waits, , Gordon Luikart, 1999. Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(8): 323-327.
  • Tegelström, H., Ryttman, H. 1981. Chromosomes in birds (Aves): evolutionary implications of macro and microchromosome numbers and lengths. Hereditas, 94(2): 225-233.
  • Walsh, P.S., Walsh PS , Metzger DA, Higuchi R. 1991. Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material. Biotechniques, 10(4): 506.
  • Wedekind, C., 2002. Manipulating sex ratios for conservation: short term risks and long term benefits. Animal Conservation, 5(1): 13-20.
  • West, S.A., Herre EA., Sheldon, B.C. 2000. The benefits of allocating sex. Science, 290: 288-290.
  • Whittingham, L.A., Dunn, P.O. 2000. Offspring sex ratios in tree swallows: females in better condition produce more sons. Molecular Ecology, 9(8): 1123-1129.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Bekir Kabasakal Bu kişi benim

Tamer Albayrak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kabasakal, B., & Albayrak, T. (2017). Ötücü Kuşlarda (Passeriformes) Moleküler Cinsiyet Tayini ve Önemi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 142-147.