Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Dış Mekân Termal Konfor Koşullarının Zamansal ve Mekânsal Dağılımı: Konyaaltı-Antalya Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 259 - 269, 01.12.2022

Nihat Karakuş , Serdar Selim

https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1151024

Öz

Kentlerdeki dış mekân termal konfor, kentsel ortamlarda artan sıcaklıklar ile daha çok önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Çalışmada Antalya ili Konyaaltı ilçesinin dış mekân termal konfor koşullarının zamansal ve mekansal dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilk olarak Konyaaltı ilçesi ve yakın çevresindeki meteoroloji gözlem istasyonlarından iklim verileri (sıcaklık, nem, rüzgâr hızı ve bulutluluk) elde edildi. Çalışmada dış mekân termal konfor koşulları, iklim parametrelerinin yanı sıra insan enerji dengesini de hesaplamalarına dâhil eden ve en yaygın kullanılan termal konfor indekslerinden biri olan FES (Fizyolojik Eşdeğer Sıcaklık) ve RayMan modeli kullanılarak hesaplandı. RayMan Model'i kullanılarak üretilen aylık FES değerlerinin mekânsal dağılımı CBS ortamında IDW analizi kullanılarak elde edildi. Sonuç olarak, Konyaaltı kent merkezi ve yakın çevresinde termal konfor koşulları ilkbahar ve sonbahar mevsiminde kısmen oluşmakta ve diğer mevsimlerde sıcak ve soğuk stres nedeniyle termal konfor koşulları oluşmamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antalya coğrafi bilgi sistemleri fizyolojik eşdeğer sıcaklık konumsal analiz termal konfor

Teşekkür

Çalışma alanı ve çevresindeki iklim verilerinin temin edilmesi konusundaki desteklerinden dolayı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’ne teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, S.P., Casimiro, E., Calheiros, J. (2010). Effects of apparent temperature on daily mortality in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal. Environmental Health, 9(1): 1-7.
  • Almeida, S.P., Casimiro, E., Calheiros, J. (2010). Effects of apparent temperature on daily mortality in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal. Environmental Health, 9(1): 1-7.
  • Analitis, A., Katsouyanni K., Biggeri, A., Baccini, M., Forsberg, B., Bisanti, L., Kirchmayer, U., Ballester, F., Cadum, E., Goodman, P.G., Hojs, A., Sunyer, J., Tiittanen, P., Michelozzi, P. (2008). Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(12): 1397-1408.
  • Analitis, A., Katsouyanni K., Biggeri, A., Baccini, M., Forsberg, B., Bisanti, L., Kirchmayer, U., Ballester, F., Cadum, E., Goodman, P.G., Hojs, A., Sunyer, J., Tiittanen, P., Michelozzi, P. (2008). Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(12): 1397-1408.
  • ASHRAE (1966). Thermal comfort conditions (Standard 55-66); ASHRAE: New York, NY, USA.
  • ASHRAE (1966). Thermal comfort conditions (Standard 55-66); ASHRAE: New York, NY, USA.
  • ASHRAE (1981). Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy (Standard 55), ASHRA, Atlanta.
  • ASHRAE (1981). Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy (Standard 55), ASHRA, Atlanta.
  • ASHRAE (2004). 55, Thermal environment conditions for human occupancy, American Society of Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • ASHRAE (2004). 55, Thermal environment conditions for human occupancy, American Society of Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • Azhar, G.S., Mavalankar, D., Nori-Sarma, A., Rajiva, A., Dutta, P., Jaiswal, A., Sheffield, P., Knowlton, K., Hess, J.J., on behalf of the Ahmedabad HeatClimate Study Group (2014). Heat-related mortality in India: Excess all-cause mortality associated with the 2010 Ahmedabad heat wave. PLoS One 9; DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0091831
  • Azhar, G.S., Mavalankar, D., Nori-Sarma, A., Rajiva, A., Dutta, P., Jaiswal, A., Sheffield, P., Knowlton, K., Hess, J.J., on behalf of the Ahmedabad HeatClimate Study Group (2014). Heat-related mortality in India: Excess all-cause mortality associated with the 2010 Ahmedabad heat wave. PLoS One 9; DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0091831
  • Banerjee, S., Middel, A., Chattopadhyay, S. (2022). A regression-based three-phase approach to assess outdoor thermal comfort in informal micro-entrepreneurial settings in tropical Mumbai. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66(2): 313-329.
  • Banerjee, S., Middel, A., Chattopadhyay, S. (2022). A regression-based three-phase approach to assess outdoor thermal comfort in informal micro-entrepreneurial settings in tropical Mumbai. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66(2): 313-329.
  • Berköz, E. (1969). Biyoklimatik konfor yönünden tavan yüksekliğinin balirlenmesinde kullanilabilecek bir method. Doktora Tezi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 99s, İstanbul.
  • Berköz, E. (1969). Biyoklimatik konfor yönünden tavan yüksekliğinin balirlenmesinde kullanilabilecek bir method. Doktora Tezi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 99s, İstanbul.
  • Bleta, A., Nastos, P. T., Matzarakis, A. (2014). Assessment of bioclimatic conditions on Crete Island, Greece. Regional Environmental Change, 14(5): 1967-1981.
  • Bleta, A., Nastos, P. T., Matzarakis, A. (2014). Assessment of bioclimatic conditions on Crete Island, Greece. Regional Environmental Change, 14(5): 1967-1981.
  • Charalampopoulos, I., Tsiros, I., Chronopoulou-Sereli, A., Matzarakis, A. (2015). A note on the evolution of the daily pattern of thermal comfort-related micrometeorological parameters in small urban sites in Athens. International Journal of Biometeorology, 59(9): 1223-1236.
  • Charalampopoulos, I., Tsiros, I., Chronopoulou-Sereli, A., Matzarakis, A. (2015). A note on the evolution of the daily pattern of thermal comfort-related micrometeorological parameters in small urban sites in Athens. International Journal of Biometeorology, 59(9): 1223-1236.
  • Chen, F.W., Liu, C.W. (2012). Estimation of the spatial rainfall distribution using inverse distance weighting (IDW) in the middle of Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment, 10(3): 209-222.
  • Chen, F.W., Liu, C.W. (2012). Estimation of the spatial rainfall distribution using inverse distance weighting (IDW) in the middle of Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment, 10(3): 209-222.
  • Chen, L., Ng, E. (2012). Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade. Cities, 29(2): 118-125.
  • Chen, L., Ng, E. (2012). Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade. Cities, 29(2): 118-125.
  • Chen, Y.C., Matzarakis, A. (2018). Modified physiologically equivalent temperature-basics and applications for Western European Climate. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 132(3-4): 1275-1289.
  • Chen, Y.C., Matzarakis, A. (2018). Modified physiologically equivalent temperature-basics and applications for Western European Climate. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 132(3-4): 1275-1289.
  • Çalışkan, O., Türkoğlu, N. (2012). Türkiye’nin biyoklimatik koşullarının analizi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 151-164.
  • Çalışkan, O., Türkoğlu, N. (2012). Türkiye’nin biyoklimatik koşullarının analizi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 151-164.
  • Çalişkan, O., Türkoğlu, N., Matzarakis, A. (2013). The effects of elevation on thermal bioclimatic conditions in Uludağ (Turkey). Atmósfera, 26(1): 45-57.
  • Çalişkan, O., Türkoğlu, N., Matzarakis, A. (2013). The effects of elevation on thermal bioclimatic conditions in Uludağ (Turkey). Atmósfera, 26(1): 45-57.
  • Çetin, M., Topay, M., Kaya, L., Yılmaz, B. (2010). Biyoiklimsel konforun peyzaj planlama sürecindeki etkinliği: Kütahya örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 11(1): 83-95.
  • Çetin, M., Topay, M., Kaya, L., Yılmaz, B. (2010). Biyoiklimsel konforun peyzaj planlama sürecindeki etkinliği: Kütahya örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 11(1): 83-95.
  • Çınar, İ. (1999). Fiziksel planlamada biyoklimatik veriler kullanarak biyokonforun oluştrulması üzerine Fethiye merkezi yerleşimi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 101s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ. (1999). Fiziksel planlamada biyoklimatik veriler kullanarak biyokonforun oluştrulması üzerine Fethiye merkezi yerleşimi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 101s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfor ölçütlerinin peyzaj planlama sürecinde etkinliği üzerinde Muğla-Karabağlar yaylası örneğinde araştırmalar. Doktara Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 248s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfor ölçütlerinin peyzaj planlama sürecinde etkinliği üzerinde Muğla-Karabağlar yaylası örneğinde araştırmalar. Doktara Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 248s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ., Çiçek, İ., Karakuş, N., Ardahanlıoğlu, Z.R. (2016). Thermal comfort assessment of the urban mediterranean climate in Fethiye, Southwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(3) Spl. Iss-1: 46-51.
  • Çınar, İ., Çiçek, İ., Karakuş, N., Ardahanlıoğlu, Z.R. (2016). Thermal comfort assessment of the urban mediterranean climate in Fethiye, Southwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(3) Spl. Iss-1: 46-51.
  • Daneshvar, M.R.M., Bagherzadeh, A., Tavousi, T. (2013). Assessment of bioclimatic comfort conditions based on Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) using the RayMan model in Iran. Central European Journal of Geosciences, 5(1): 53-60.
  • Daneshvar, M.R.M., Bagherzadeh, A., Tavousi, T. (2013). Assessment of bioclimatic comfort conditions based on Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) using the RayMan model in Iran. Central European Journal of Geosciences, 5(1): 53-60.
  • Erell, E., Pearlmutter, D., Williamson, T. (2012). Urban microclimate: designing the spaces between buildings. Routledge.
  • Erell, E., Pearlmutter, D., Williamson, T. (2012). Urban microclimate: designing the spaces between buildings. Routledge.
  • Erkek, E., Kalaycı, Ö., Başaran, N., Öner, A., Atun, R., Lamba, H., Uyguçgil, H., Çabuk, S.N., Ağaçsapan, B. (2020). Biyoklimatik konfor ve arazi kullanımı arasındaki ilişkinin CBS ve UA teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmesi: İzmir ili örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1): 174-188.
  • Erkek, E., Kalaycı, Ö., Başaran, N., Öner, A., Atun, R., Lamba, H., Uyguçgil, H., Çabuk, S.N., Ağaçsapan, B. (2020). Biyoklimatik konfor ve arazi kullanımı arasındaki ilişkinin CBS ve UA teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmesi: İzmir ili örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1): 174-188.
  • Fanger, O. (1972). Thermal comfort. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company. New York.
  • Fanger, O. (1972). Thermal comfort. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company. New York.
  • Fröhlich, D., Matzarakis, A. (2013). Modeling of changes in thermal bioclimate: examples based on urban spaces in Freiburg, Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 111(3): 547-558.
  • Fröhlich, D., Matzarakis, A. (2013). Modeling of changes in thermal bioclimate: examples based on urban spaces in Freiburg, Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 111(3): 547-558.
  • Gagge, A.P., Fobelets, A.P., Berglund, L. (1986). A standard predictive index of human response to the thermal environment. ASHRAE trans, 92(2): 709-731.
  • Gagge, A.P., Fobelets, A.P., Berglund, L. (1986). A standard predictive index of human response to the thermal environment. ASHRAE trans, 92(2): 709-731.
  • Gasparrini, A., Armstrong, B. (2011). The impact of heat waves on mortality. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 22(1), 68-73.
  • Gasparrini, A., Armstrong, B. (2011). The impact of heat waves on mortality. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 22(1), 68-73.
  • Gümüş, A.E. (2012). Ankara ili biyoiklimsel konfor analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13: 48-56.
  • Gümüş, A.E. (2012). Ankara ili biyoiklimsel konfor analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13: 48-56.
  • Güngör, S., Cengiz, T. (2006). Artvin ilinin iklim konforuna sahip rekreasyon ve turizm alanları. Kafkas Üniversitesi, Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1): 69-80.
  • Güngör, S., Cengiz, T. (2006). Artvin ilinin iklim konforuna sahip rekreasyon ve turizm alanları. Kafkas Üniversitesi, Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1): 69-80.
  • Güngör, S., Polat, A.T. (2012). Bioklimatik konfor ve bioklimatik konfora sahip alanların coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler üzerine bir araştırma. KSÜ Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Özel Sayı: 8-13.
  • Güngör, S., Polat, A.T. (2012). Bioklimatik konfor ve bioklimatik konfora sahip alanların coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler üzerine bir araştırma. KSÜ Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Özel Sayı: 8-13.
  • Hong, S.K., Lee, S.W., Jo, H.K., Yoo, M. (2019). Impact of frequency of visits and time spent in urban green space on subjective well-being. Sustainability, 11(15): 4189.
  • Hong, S.K., Lee, S.W., Jo, H.K., Yoo, M. (2019). Impact of frequency of visits and time spent in urban green space on subjective well-being. Sustainability, 11(15): 4189.
  • Höppe, P.R. (1999). The physiological equivalent temperature-a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 71-75.
  • Höppe, P.R. (1999). The physiological equivalent temperature-a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 71-75.
  • Jacobs, C., Singh, T., Gorti, G., Iftikhar, U., Saeed, S., Syed, A., Abbas, F., Ahmad, B., Bhadwal, S., Siderius, C. (2019). Patterns of outdoor exposure to heat in three South Asian cities. Science of the Total Environment, 674: 264-278.
  • Jacobs, C., Singh, T., Gorti, G., Iftikhar, U., Saeed, S., Syed, A., Abbas, F., Ahmad, B., Bhadwal, S., Siderius, C. (2019). Patterns of outdoor exposure to heat in three South Asian cities. Science of the Total Environment, 674: 264-278.
  • Jendritzky, G., de Dear, R., Havenith, G. (2012). UTCI—why another thermal index? International Journal of Biometeorology, 56(3): 421-428.
  • Jendritzky, G., de Dear, R., Havenith, G. (2012). UTCI—why another thermal index? International Journal of Biometeorology, 56(3): 421-428.
  • Kestane, Ö., Ülgen, K. (2013). İzmir ili için biyoklimatik konfor bölgelerinin belirlenmesi. Teknik Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1): 18-25.
  • Kestane, Ö., Ülgen, K. (2013). İzmir ili için biyoklimatik konfor bölgelerinin belirlenmesi. Teknik Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1): 18-25.
  • Koichi, N. (1996). Evaluation of the thermal environment in an outdoor pedestrian space. Atmospheric Environment, 30:497-505.
  • Koichi, N. (1996). Evaluation of the thermal environment in an outdoor pedestrian space. Atmospheric Environment, 30:497-505.
  • Lu, G.Y., Wong, D.W. (2008). An adaptive inverse-distance weighting spatial interpolation technique. Computers & Geosciences, 34(9): 1044-1055.
  • Lu, G.Y., Wong, D.W. (2008). An adaptive inverse-distance weighting spatial interpolation technique. Computers & Geosciences, 34(9): 1044-1055.
  • Maniatis, S., Nastos, P.T., Moustris, K., Polychroni, I.D., Kamoutsis, A. (2020). Human thermal sensation over a mountainous area, revealed by the application of ANNs: the case of Ainos Mt., Kefalonia Island, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 64(12): 2033-2045.
  • Maniatis, S., Nastos, P.T., Moustris, K., Polychroni, I.D., Kamoutsis, A. (2020). Human thermal sensation over a mountainous area, revealed by the application of ANNs: the case of Ainos Mt., Kefalonia Island, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 64(12): 2033-2045.
  • Masoudi, M. (2021). Estimation of the spatial climate comfort distribution using tourism climate index (TCI) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) (case study: Fars Province, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(5):1-13.
  • Masoudi, M. (2021). Estimation of the spatial climate comfort distribution using tourism climate index (TCI) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) (case study: Fars Province, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(5):1-13.
  • Matzarakis, A., Hämmerle, M., Endler, C., Muthers, S., Koch, E. (2012). Assessment of tourism and recreation destinations under climate change conditions in Austria. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(2): 157-165.
  • Matzarakis, A., Hämmerle, M., Endler, C., Muthers, S., Koch, E. (2012). Assessment of tourism and recreation destinations under climate change conditions in Austria. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(2): 157-165.
  • Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Iziomon, M.G. (1999). Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 76-84.
  • Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Iziomon, M.G. (1999). Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 76-84.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2007). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments—application of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 51(4): 323-334.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2007). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments—application of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 51(4): 323-334.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2010). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 54(2): 131-139.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2010). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 54(2): 131-139.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Chen, Y., Fröhlich, D. (2017). RayMan pro, a tool for applied climatology. Rayman Manual Version 0.1., https://www.urbanclimate.net/rayman/RayManManual.pdf
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Chen, Y., Fröhlich, D. (2017). RayMan pro, a tool for applied climatology. Rayman Manual Version 0.1., https://www.urbanclimate.net/rayman/RayManManual.pdf
  • Mayer, H. ve Höppe, P. (1987). Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38: 43-49.
  • Mayer, H. ve Höppe, P. (1987). Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38: 43-49.
  • Mirza, E. (2014). Rekreasyonel planlama için biyoiklimsel konfor özelliklerinin belirlenmesi: Isparta kent merkezi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 123s, Isparta.
  • Mirza, E. (2014). Rekreasyonel planlama için biyoiklimsel konfor özelliklerinin belirlenmesi: Isparta kent merkezi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 123s, Isparta.
  • Nastos, P.T., Matzarakis, A. (2006). Weather impacts on respiratory infections in Athens, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 50(6): 358-369.
  • Nastos, P.T., Matzarakis, A. (2006). Weather impacts on respiratory infections in Athens, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 50(6): 358-369.
  • Nastos, P.T., Polychroni, I.D. (2016). Modeling and in situ measurements of biometeorological conditions in microenvironments within the Athens University Campus, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 60(10): 1463-1479.
  • Nastos, P.T., Polychroni, I.D. (2016). Modeling and in situ measurements of biometeorological conditions in microenvironments within the Athens University Campus, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 60(10): 1463-1479.
  • Nikolopoulou, M., Lykoudis, S. (2006). Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries. Building and Environment, 41(11): 1455-1470.
  • Nikolopoulou, M., Lykoudis, S. (2006). Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries. Building and Environment, 41(11): 1455-1470.
  • Olgyay, V. (1973). Design with climate, bioclimatic approach to architectural regionalism. Princeton University Press, 190p, Princeton.
  • Olgyay, V. (1973). Design with climate, bioclimatic approach to architectural regionalism. Princeton University Press, 190p, Princeton.
  • Pawar, A.S., Mukherjee, M., Shankar, R. (2015). Thermal comfort design zone delineation for India using GIS. Building and Environment, 87: 193-206.
  • Pawar, A.S., Mukherjee, M., Shankar, R. (2015). Thermal comfort design zone delineation for India using GIS. Building and Environment, 87: 193-206.
  • Samanta, S., Pal, D.K., Lohar, D., Pal, B. (2012). Interpolation of climate variables and temperature modeling. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 107(1): 35-45.
  • Samanta, S., Pal, D.K., Lohar, D., Pal, B. (2012). Interpolation of climate variables and temperature modeling. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 107(1): 35-45.
  • Sanagar Darbani, E., Monsefi Parapari, D., Boland, J., Sharifi, E. (2021). Impacts of urban form and urban heat island on the outdoor thermal comfort: A pilot study on Mashhad. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65(7): 1101-1117.
  • Sanagar Darbani, E., Monsefi Parapari, D., Boland, J., Sharifi, E. (2021). Impacts of urban form and urban heat island on the outdoor thermal comfort: A pilot study on Mashhad. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65(7): 1101-1117.
  • Sancar, M.C., Güngör, Ş. (2020). A review of bioclimatic comfort areas determined by the new summer index in terms of tourism in Antalya. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1): 53-63.
  • Sancar, M.C., Güngör, Ş. (2020). A review of bioclimatic comfort areas determined by the new summer index in terms of tourism in Antalya. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1): 53-63.
  • Savić, S., Marković, V., Šećerov, I., Pavić, D., Arsenović, D., Milošević, D., Dolinaj, D., Nagy, I., Pantelić, M. (2018). Heat wave risk assessment and mapping in urban areas: case study for a midsized Central European City, Novi Sad (Serbia). Natural hazards, 91(3): 891-911.
  • Savić, S., Marković, V., Šećerov, I., Pavić, D., Arsenović, D., Milošević, D., Dolinaj, D., Nagy, I., Pantelić, M. (2018). Heat wave risk assessment and mapping in urban areas: case study for a midsized Central European City, Novi Sad (Serbia). Natural hazards, 91(3): 891-911.
  • Semahi, S., Benbouras, M.A., Mahar, W.A., Zemmouri, N., Attia, S. (2020). Development of spatial distribution maps for energy demand and thermal comfort estimation in Algeria. Sustainability, 12(15): 6066; DOI: 10.3390/su12156066
  • Semahi, S., Benbouras, M.A., Mahar, W.A., Zemmouri, N., Attia, S. (2020). Development of spatial distribution maps for energy demand and thermal comfort estimation in Algeria. Sustainability, 12(15): 6066; DOI: 10.3390/su12156066
  • Şahingöz, M. (2017). Seyhan Irmağı Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısı’nın belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 96s, Isparta.
  • Şahingöz, M. (2017). Seyhan Irmağı Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısı’nın belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 96s, Isparta.
  • Şahingöz, M., Topay, M., Berberoğlu, S. (2014). Seyhan Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısının coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla belirlenmesi. 5. Uzaktan Algılama-CBS Sempozyumu (UZAL-CBS 2014), 14(17): 1-10.
  • Şahingöz, M., Topay, M., Berberoğlu, S. (2014). Seyhan Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısının coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla belirlenmesi. 5. Uzaktan Algılama-CBS Sempozyumu (UZAL-CBS 2014), 14(17): 1-10.
  • Şensoy, S., Türkoğlu, N., Çiçek, İ., Matzarakis, A. (2020). Antalya'nın termal konfor özellikleri, iklim model verileri kullanılarak gelecek projeksiyonları ve turizme etkileri, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi/ Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences, 18(2): 124-160.
  • Şensoy, S., Türkoğlu, N., Çiçek, İ., Matzarakis, A. (2020). Antalya'nın termal konfor özellikleri, iklim model verileri kullanılarak gelecek projeksiyonları ve turizme etkileri, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi/ Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences, 18(2): 124-160.
  • Tağıl, Ş., Ersayın, K. (2015). Balıkesir ilinde dış ortam termal konfor değerlendirmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 8(41):747-755.
  • Tağıl, Ş., Ersayın, K. (2015). Balıkesir ilinde dış ortam termal konfor değerlendirmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 8(41):747-755.
  • Topay, M. (2007). The importance of climate for recreational planning of rural areas: Case study of Muğla Province, Turkey. Developments in Tourism Climatology (Edited by: A. Matzarakis, CR de Freitas and D. Scott), 29, 36.
  • Topay, M. (2007). The importance of climate for recreational planning of rural areas: Case study of Muğla Province, Turkey. Developments in Tourism Climatology (Edited by: A. Matzarakis, CR de Freitas and D. Scott), 29, 36.
  • Topay, M. (2012). Importance of thermal comfort in the sustainable landscape planning, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 13(3):1480–1487.
  • Topay, M. (2012). Importance of thermal comfort in the sustainable landscape planning, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 13(3):1480–1487.
  • Topay, M. (2013). Mapping of thermal comfort for outdoor recreation planning using GIS: The case of Isparta Province (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37(1): 110-120.
  • Topay, M. (2013). Mapping of thermal comfort for outdoor recreation planning using GIS: The case of Isparta Province (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37(1): 110-120.
  • Topay, M., Yılmaz, B. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfora sahip alanların belirlenmesinde CBS’den yararlanma olanakları: Muğla ili örneği. Proceedings of 3th GIS Days in Turkey, 425-434.
  • Topay, M., Yılmaz, B. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfora sahip alanların belirlenmesinde CBS’den yararlanma olanakları: Muğla ili örneği. Proceedings of 3th GIS Days in Turkey, 425-434.
  • Toy, S. (2010). Biyoklimatik Konfor Değerleri Bakımından Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Rekreasyonel Alanlarının İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Atatürk Üniversitesi, 206s, Erzurum.
  • Toy, S. (2010). Biyoklimatik Konfor Değerleri Bakımından Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Rekreasyonel Alanlarının İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Atatürk Üniversitesi, 206s, Erzurum.
  • Unger, J. (1999). Comparisons of urban and rural bioclimatological conditions in the case of a Central-European city. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(3): 139-144.
  • Unger, J. (1999). Comparisons of urban and rural bioclimatological conditions in the case of a Central-European city. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(3): 139-144.
  • Wai, K.M., Yuan, C., Lai, A., Peter, K.N. (2020). Relationship between pedestrian-level outdoor thermal comfort and building morphology in a high-density city. Science of the Total Environment, 708, 134516; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134516
  • Wai, K.M., Yuan, C., Lai, A., Peter, K.N. (2020). Relationship between pedestrian-level outdoor thermal comfort and building morphology in a high-density city. Science of the Total Environment, 708, 134516; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134516
  • Wang, W.W., Zhu, L.Z., Wang, R.C. (2004). An analysis on spatial variation of urban human thermal comfort in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 16(2): 332-338.
  • Wang, W.W., Zhu, L.Z., Wang, R.C. (2004). An analysis on spatial variation of urban human thermal comfort in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 16(2): 332-338.
  • Watson, D.F. (1985). A refinement of inverse distance weighted interpolation. Geoprocessing, 2: 315-327.
  • Watson, D.F. (1985). A refinement of inverse distance weighted interpolation. Geoprocessing, 2: 315-327.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2006). Bartın ili ve yakın çevresi peyzaj özelliklerini etkileyen iklim parametrelerinin analizi ve değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(9): 33-41.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2006). Bartın ili ve yakın çevresi peyzaj özelliklerini etkileyen iklim parametrelerinin analizi ve değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(9): 33-41.
  • Yılmaz, S., Toy, S., Irmak, M.A., Yılmaz, H. (2007). Determination of climatic differences in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. Building and Environment, 42(4): 1604-1612.
  • Yılmaz, S., Toy, S., Irmak, M.A., Yılmaz, H. (2007). Determination of climatic differences in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. Building and Environment, 42(4): 1604-1612.
  • Zengin, M., Kopar, I., Karahan, F. (2010). Determination of bioclimatic comfort in Erzurum–Rize expressway corridor using GIS. Building and Environment, 45(1): 158-164.
  • Zengin, M., Kopar, I., Karahan, F. (2010). Determination of bioclimatic comfort in Erzurum–Rize expressway corridor using GIS. Building and Environment, 45(1): 158-164.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Conditions: The Case of Konyaaltı-Antalya, Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 259 - 269, 01.12.2022

Nihat Karakuş , Serdar Selim

https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1151024

Öz

Outdoor thermal comfort in cities has started to gain more importance with increasing temperatures in urban environments. In this study, it is aimed to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of outdoor thermal comfort conditions in Konyaaltı district of Antalya province. For this purpose, firstly, climate data (temperature, humidity, wind speed and cloudiness) were obtained from meteorology observation stations in Konyaaltı district and its immediate surroundings. In the study, outdoor thermal comfort conditions were calculated using PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) and RayMan model, which is one of the most widely used thermal comfort indices, which includes human energy balance as well as climate parameters. Spatial distribution of monthly PET values produced using RayMan Model was obtained using IDW analysis in GIS. As a result, thermal comfort conditions are partially formed in the spring and autumn seasons in Konyaaltı city center and its vicinity, and thermal comfort conditions are not suitable in other seasons due to hot and cold stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antalya geographic information systems physiological equivalent temperature spatial analysis thermal comfort

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, S.P., Casimiro, E., Calheiros, J. (2010). Effects of apparent temperature on daily mortality in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal. Environmental Health, 9(1): 1-7.
  • Almeida, S.P., Casimiro, E., Calheiros, J. (2010). Effects of apparent temperature on daily mortality in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal. Environmental Health, 9(1): 1-7.
  • Analitis, A., Katsouyanni K., Biggeri, A., Baccini, M., Forsberg, B., Bisanti, L., Kirchmayer, U., Ballester, F., Cadum, E., Goodman, P.G., Hojs, A., Sunyer, J., Tiittanen, P., Michelozzi, P. (2008). Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(12): 1397-1408.
  • Analitis, A., Katsouyanni K., Biggeri, A., Baccini, M., Forsberg, B., Bisanti, L., Kirchmayer, U., Ballester, F., Cadum, E., Goodman, P.G., Hojs, A., Sunyer, J., Tiittanen, P., Michelozzi, P. (2008). Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(12): 1397-1408.
  • ASHRAE (1966). Thermal comfort conditions (Standard 55-66); ASHRAE: New York, NY, USA.
  • ASHRAE (1966). Thermal comfort conditions (Standard 55-66); ASHRAE: New York, NY, USA.
  • ASHRAE (1981). Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy (Standard 55), ASHRA, Atlanta.
  • ASHRAE (1981). Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy (Standard 55), ASHRA, Atlanta.
  • ASHRAE (2004). 55, Thermal environment conditions for human occupancy, American Society of Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • ASHRAE (2004). 55, Thermal environment conditions for human occupancy, American Society of Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • Azhar, G.S., Mavalankar, D., Nori-Sarma, A., Rajiva, A., Dutta, P., Jaiswal, A., Sheffield, P., Knowlton, K., Hess, J.J., on behalf of the Ahmedabad HeatClimate Study Group (2014). Heat-related mortality in India: Excess all-cause mortality associated with the 2010 Ahmedabad heat wave. PLoS One 9; DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0091831
  • Azhar, G.S., Mavalankar, D., Nori-Sarma, A., Rajiva, A., Dutta, P., Jaiswal, A., Sheffield, P., Knowlton, K., Hess, J.J., on behalf of the Ahmedabad HeatClimate Study Group (2014). Heat-related mortality in India: Excess all-cause mortality associated with the 2010 Ahmedabad heat wave. PLoS One 9; DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0091831
  • Banerjee, S., Middel, A., Chattopadhyay, S. (2022). A regression-based three-phase approach to assess outdoor thermal comfort in informal micro-entrepreneurial settings in tropical Mumbai. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66(2): 313-329.
  • Banerjee, S., Middel, A., Chattopadhyay, S. (2022). A regression-based three-phase approach to assess outdoor thermal comfort in informal micro-entrepreneurial settings in tropical Mumbai. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66(2): 313-329.
  • Berköz, E. (1969). Biyoklimatik konfor yönünden tavan yüksekliğinin balirlenmesinde kullanilabilecek bir method. Doktora Tezi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 99s, İstanbul.
  • Berköz, E. (1969). Biyoklimatik konfor yönünden tavan yüksekliğinin balirlenmesinde kullanilabilecek bir method. Doktora Tezi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 99s, İstanbul.
  • Bleta, A., Nastos, P. T., Matzarakis, A. (2014). Assessment of bioclimatic conditions on Crete Island, Greece. Regional Environmental Change, 14(5): 1967-1981.
  • Bleta, A., Nastos, P. T., Matzarakis, A. (2014). Assessment of bioclimatic conditions on Crete Island, Greece. Regional Environmental Change, 14(5): 1967-1981.
  • Charalampopoulos, I., Tsiros, I., Chronopoulou-Sereli, A., Matzarakis, A. (2015). A note on the evolution of the daily pattern of thermal comfort-related micrometeorological parameters in small urban sites in Athens. International Journal of Biometeorology, 59(9): 1223-1236.
  • Charalampopoulos, I., Tsiros, I., Chronopoulou-Sereli, A., Matzarakis, A. (2015). A note on the evolution of the daily pattern of thermal comfort-related micrometeorological parameters in small urban sites in Athens. International Journal of Biometeorology, 59(9): 1223-1236.
  • Chen, F.W., Liu, C.W. (2012). Estimation of the spatial rainfall distribution using inverse distance weighting (IDW) in the middle of Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment, 10(3): 209-222.
  • Chen, F.W., Liu, C.W. (2012). Estimation of the spatial rainfall distribution using inverse distance weighting (IDW) in the middle of Taiwan. Paddy and Water Environment, 10(3): 209-222.
  • Chen, L., Ng, E. (2012). Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade. Cities, 29(2): 118-125.
  • Chen, L., Ng, E. (2012). Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade. Cities, 29(2): 118-125.
  • Chen, Y.C., Matzarakis, A. (2018). Modified physiologically equivalent temperature-basics and applications for Western European Climate. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 132(3-4): 1275-1289.
  • Chen, Y.C., Matzarakis, A. (2018). Modified physiologically equivalent temperature-basics and applications for Western European Climate. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 132(3-4): 1275-1289.
  • Çalışkan, O., Türkoğlu, N. (2012). Türkiye’nin biyoklimatik koşullarının analizi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 151-164.
  • Çalışkan, O., Türkoğlu, N. (2012). Türkiye’nin biyoklimatik koşullarının analizi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 151-164.
  • Çalişkan, O., Türkoğlu, N., Matzarakis, A. (2013). The effects of elevation on thermal bioclimatic conditions in Uludağ (Turkey). Atmósfera, 26(1): 45-57.
  • Çalişkan, O., Türkoğlu, N., Matzarakis, A. (2013). The effects of elevation on thermal bioclimatic conditions in Uludağ (Turkey). Atmósfera, 26(1): 45-57.
  • Çetin, M., Topay, M., Kaya, L., Yılmaz, B. (2010). Biyoiklimsel konforun peyzaj planlama sürecindeki etkinliği: Kütahya örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 11(1): 83-95.
  • Çetin, M., Topay, M., Kaya, L., Yılmaz, B. (2010). Biyoiklimsel konforun peyzaj planlama sürecindeki etkinliği: Kütahya örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 11(1): 83-95.
  • Çınar, İ. (1999). Fiziksel planlamada biyoklimatik veriler kullanarak biyokonforun oluştrulması üzerine Fethiye merkezi yerleşimi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 101s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ. (1999). Fiziksel planlamada biyoklimatik veriler kullanarak biyokonforun oluştrulması üzerine Fethiye merkezi yerleşimi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 101s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfor ölçütlerinin peyzaj planlama sürecinde etkinliği üzerinde Muğla-Karabağlar yaylası örneğinde araştırmalar. Doktara Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 248s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfor ölçütlerinin peyzaj planlama sürecinde etkinliği üzerinde Muğla-Karabağlar yaylası örneğinde araştırmalar. Doktara Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Üniversitesi, 248s, İzmir.
  • Çınar, İ., Çiçek, İ., Karakuş, N., Ardahanlıoğlu, Z.R. (2016). Thermal comfort assessment of the urban mediterranean climate in Fethiye, Southwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(3) Spl. Iss-1: 46-51.
  • Çınar, İ., Çiçek, İ., Karakuş, N., Ardahanlıoğlu, Z.R. (2016). Thermal comfort assessment of the urban mediterranean climate in Fethiye, Southwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(3) Spl. Iss-1: 46-51.
  • Daneshvar, M.R.M., Bagherzadeh, A., Tavousi, T. (2013). Assessment of bioclimatic comfort conditions based on Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) using the RayMan model in Iran. Central European Journal of Geosciences, 5(1): 53-60.
  • Daneshvar, M.R.M., Bagherzadeh, A., Tavousi, T. (2013). Assessment of bioclimatic comfort conditions based on Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) using the RayMan model in Iran. Central European Journal of Geosciences, 5(1): 53-60.
  • Erell, E., Pearlmutter, D., Williamson, T. (2012). Urban microclimate: designing the spaces between buildings. Routledge.
  • Erell, E., Pearlmutter, D., Williamson, T. (2012). Urban microclimate: designing the spaces between buildings. Routledge.
  • Erkek, E., Kalaycı, Ö., Başaran, N., Öner, A., Atun, R., Lamba, H., Uyguçgil, H., Çabuk, S.N., Ağaçsapan, B. (2020). Biyoklimatik konfor ve arazi kullanımı arasındaki ilişkinin CBS ve UA teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmesi: İzmir ili örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1): 174-188.
  • Erkek, E., Kalaycı, Ö., Başaran, N., Öner, A., Atun, R., Lamba, H., Uyguçgil, H., Çabuk, S.N., Ağaçsapan, B. (2020). Biyoklimatik konfor ve arazi kullanımı arasındaki ilişkinin CBS ve UA teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmesi: İzmir ili örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1): 174-188.
  • Fanger, O. (1972). Thermal comfort. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company. New York.
  • Fanger, O. (1972). Thermal comfort. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company. New York.
  • Fröhlich, D., Matzarakis, A. (2013). Modeling of changes in thermal bioclimate: examples based on urban spaces in Freiburg, Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 111(3): 547-558.
  • Fröhlich, D., Matzarakis, A. (2013). Modeling of changes in thermal bioclimate: examples based on urban spaces in Freiburg, Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 111(3): 547-558.
  • Gagge, A.P., Fobelets, A.P., Berglund, L. (1986). A standard predictive index of human response to the thermal environment. ASHRAE trans, 92(2): 709-731.
  • Gagge, A.P., Fobelets, A.P., Berglund, L. (1986). A standard predictive index of human response to the thermal environment. ASHRAE trans, 92(2): 709-731.
  • Gasparrini, A., Armstrong, B. (2011). The impact of heat waves on mortality. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 22(1), 68-73.
  • Gasparrini, A., Armstrong, B. (2011). The impact of heat waves on mortality. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 22(1), 68-73.
  • Gümüş, A.E. (2012). Ankara ili biyoiklimsel konfor analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13: 48-56.
  • Gümüş, A.E. (2012). Ankara ili biyoiklimsel konfor analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13: 48-56.
  • Güngör, S., Cengiz, T. (2006). Artvin ilinin iklim konforuna sahip rekreasyon ve turizm alanları. Kafkas Üniversitesi, Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1): 69-80.
  • Güngör, S., Cengiz, T. (2006). Artvin ilinin iklim konforuna sahip rekreasyon ve turizm alanları. Kafkas Üniversitesi, Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1): 69-80.
  • Güngör, S., Polat, A.T. (2012). Bioklimatik konfor ve bioklimatik konfora sahip alanların coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler üzerine bir araştırma. KSÜ Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Özel Sayı: 8-13.
  • Güngör, S., Polat, A.T. (2012). Bioklimatik konfor ve bioklimatik konfora sahip alanların coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler üzerine bir araştırma. KSÜ Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Özel Sayı: 8-13.
  • Hong, S.K., Lee, S.W., Jo, H.K., Yoo, M. (2019). Impact of frequency of visits and time spent in urban green space on subjective well-being. Sustainability, 11(15): 4189.
  • Hong, S.K., Lee, S.W., Jo, H.K., Yoo, M. (2019). Impact of frequency of visits and time spent in urban green space on subjective well-being. Sustainability, 11(15): 4189.
  • Höppe, P.R. (1999). The physiological equivalent temperature-a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 71-75.
  • Höppe, P.R. (1999). The physiological equivalent temperature-a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 71-75.
  • Jacobs, C., Singh, T., Gorti, G., Iftikhar, U., Saeed, S., Syed, A., Abbas, F., Ahmad, B., Bhadwal, S., Siderius, C. (2019). Patterns of outdoor exposure to heat in three South Asian cities. Science of the Total Environment, 674: 264-278.
  • Jacobs, C., Singh, T., Gorti, G., Iftikhar, U., Saeed, S., Syed, A., Abbas, F., Ahmad, B., Bhadwal, S., Siderius, C. (2019). Patterns of outdoor exposure to heat in three South Asian cities. Science of the Total Environment, 674: 264-278.
  • Jendritzky, G., de Dear, R., Havenith, G. (2012). UTCI—why another thermal index? International Journal of Biometeorology, 56(3): 421-428.
  • Jendritzky, G., de Dear, R., Havenith, G. (2012). UTCI—why another thermal index? International Journal of Biometeorology, 56(3): 421-428.
  • Kestane, Ö., Ülgen, K. (2013). İzmir ili için biyoklimatik konfor bölgelerinin belirlenmesi. Teknik Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1): 18-25.
  • Kestane, Ö., Ülgen, K. (2013). İzmir ili için biyoklimatik konfor bölgelerinin belirlenmesi. Teknik Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1): 18-25.
  • Koichi, N. (1996). Evaluation of the thermal environment in an outdoor pedestrian space. Atmospheric Environment, 30:497-505.
  • Koichi, N. (1996). Evaluation of the thermal environment in an outdoor pedestrian space. Atmospheric Environment, 30:497-505.
  • Lu, G.Y., Wong, D.W. (2008). An adaptive inverse-distance weighting spatial interpolation technique. Computers & Geosciences, 34(9): 1044-1055.
  • Lu, G.Y., Wong, D.W. (2008). An adaptive inverse-distance weighting spatial interpolation technique. Computers & Geosciences, 34(9): 1044-1055.
  • Maniatis, S., Nastos, P.T., Moustris, K., Polychroni, I.D., Kamoutsis, A. (2020). Human thermal sensation over a mountainous area, revealed by the application of ANNs: the case of Ainos Mt., Kefalonia Island, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 64(12): 2033-2045.
  • Maniatis, S., Nastos, P.T., Moustris, K., Polychroni, I.D., Kamoutsis, A. (2020). Human thermal sensation over a mountainous area, revealed by the application of ANNs: the case of Ainos Mt., Kefalonia Island, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 64(12): 2033-2045.
  • Masoudi, M. (2021). Estimation of the spatial climate comfort distribution using tourism climate index (TCI) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) (case study: Fars Province, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(5):1-13.
  • Masoudi, M. (2021). Estimation of the spatial climate comfort distribution using tourism climate index (TCI) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) (case study: Fars Province, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(5):1-13.
  • Matzarakis, A., Hämmerle, M., Endler, C., Muthers, S., Koch, E. (2012). Assessment of tourism and recreation destinations under climate change conditions in Austria. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(2): 157-165.
  • Matzarakis, A., Hämmerle, M., Endler, C., Muthers, S., Koch, E. (2012). Assessment of tourism and recreation destinations under climate change conditions in Austria. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(2): 157-165.
  • Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Iziomon, M.G. (1999). Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 76-84.
  • Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Iziomon, M.G. (1999). Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(2): 76-84.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2007). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments—application of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 51(4): 323-334.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2007). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments—application of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 51(4): 323-334.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2010). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 54(2): 131-139.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H. (2010). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology, 54(2): 131-139.
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Chen, Y., Fröhlich, D. (2017). RayMan pro, a tool for applied climatology. Rayman Manual Version 0.1., https://www.urbanclimate.net/rayman/RayManManual.pdf
  • Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Chen, Y., Fröhlich, D. (2017). RayMan pro, a tool for applied climatology. Rayman Manual Version 0.1., https://www.urbanclimate.net/rayman/RayManManual.pdf
  • Mayer, H. ve Höppe, P. (1987). Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38: 43-49.
  • Mayer, H. ve Höppe, P. (1987). Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38: 43-49.
  • Mirza, E. (2014). Rekreasyonel planlama için biyoiklimsel konfor özelliklerinin belirlenmesi: Isparta kent merkezi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 123s, Isparta.
  • Mirza, E. (2014). Rekreasyonel planlama için biyoiklimsel konfor özelliklerinin belirlenmesi: Isparta kent merkezi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 123s, Isparta.
  • Nastos, P.T., Matzarakis, A. (2006). Weather impacts on respiratory infections in Athens, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 50(6): 358-369.
  • Nastos, P.T., Matzarakis, A. (2006). Weather impacts on respiratory infections in Athens, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 50(6): 358-369.
  • Nastos, P.T., Polychroni, I.D. (2016). Modeling and in situ measurements of biometeorological conditions in microenvironments within the Athens University Campus, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 60(10): 1463-1479.
  • Nastos, P.T., Polychroni, I.D. (2016). Modeling and in situ measurements of biometeorological conditions in microenvironments within the Athens University Campus, Greece. International Journal of Biometeorology, 60(10): 1463-1479.
  • Nikolopoulou, M., Lykoudis, S. (2006). Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries. Building and Environment, 41(11): 1455-1470.
  • Nikolopoulou, M., Lykoudis, S. (2006). Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries. Building and Environment, 41(11): 1455-1470.
  • Olgyay, V. (1973). Design with climate, bioclimatic approach to architectural regionalism. Princeton University Press, 190p, Princeton.
  • Olgyay, V. (1973). Design with climate, bioclimatic approach to architectural regionalism. Princeton University Press, 190p, Princeton.
  • Pawar, A.S., Mukherjee, M., Shankar, R. (2015). Thermal comfort design zone delineation for India using GIS. Building and Environment, 87: 193-206.
  • Pawar, A.S., Mukherjee, M., Shankar, R. (2015). Thermal comfort design zone delineation for India using GIS. Building and Environment, 87: 193-206.
  • Samanta, S., Pal, D.K., Lohar, D., Pal, B. (2012). Interpolation of climate variables and temperature modeling. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 107(1): 35-45.
  • Samanta, S., Pal, D.K., Lohar, D., Pal, B. (2012). Interpolation of climate variables and temperature modeling. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 107(1): 35-45.
  • Sanagar Darbani, E., Monsefi Parapari, D., Boland, J., Sharifi, E. (2021). Impacts of urban form and urban heat island on the outdoor thermal comfort: A pilot study on Mashhad. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65(7): 1101-1117.
  • Sanagar Darbani, E., Monsefi Parapari, D., Boland, J., Sharifi, E. (2021). Impacts of urban form and urban heat island on the outdoor thermal comfort: A pilot study on Mashhad. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65(7): 1101-1117.
  • Sancar, M.C., Güngör, Ş. (2020). A review of bioclimatic comfort areas determined by the new summer index in terms of tourism in Antalya. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1): 53-63.
  • Sancar, M.C., Güngör, Ş. (2020). A review of bioclimatic comfort areas determined by the new summer index in terms of tourism in Antalya. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1): 53-63.
  • Savić, S., Marković, V., Šećerov, I., Pavić, D., Arsenović, D., Milošević, D., Dolinaj, D., Nagy, I., Pantelić, M. (2018). Heat wave risk assessment and mapping in urban areas: case study for a midsized Central European City, Novi Sad (Serbia). Natural hazards, 91(3): 891-911.
  • Savić, S., Marković, V., Šećerov, I., Pavić, D., Arsenović, D., Milošević, D., Dolinaj, D., Nagy, I., Pantelić, M. (2018). Heat wave risk assessment and mapping in urban areas: case study for a midsized Central European City, Novi Sad (Serbia). Natural hazards, 91(3): 891-911.
  • Semahi, S., Benbouras, M.A., Mahar, W.A., Zemmouri, N., Attia, S. (2020). Development of spatial distribution maps for energy demand and thermal comfort estimation in Algeria. Sustainability, 12(15): 6066; DOI: 10.3390/su12156066
  • Semahi, S., Benbouras, M.A., Mahar, W.A., Zemmouri, N., Attia, S. (2020). Development of spatial distribution maps for energy demand and thermal comfort estimation in Algeria. Sustainability, 12(15): 6066; DOI: 10.3390/su12156066
  • Şahingöz, M. (2017). Seyhan Irmağı Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısı’nın belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 96s, Isparta.
  • Şahingöz, M. (2017). Seyhan Irmağı Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısı’nın belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 96s, Isparta.
  • Şahingöz, M., Topay, M., Berberoğlu, S. (2014). Seyhan Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısının coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla belirlenmesi. 5. Uzaktan Algılama-CBS Sempozyumu (UZAL-CBS 2014), 14(17): 1-10.
  • Şahingöz, M., Topay, M., Berberoğlu, S. (2014). Seyhan Havzası biyoiklimsel konfor yapısının coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla belirlenmesi. 5. Uzaktan Algılama-CBS Sempozyumu (UZAL-CBS 2014), 14(17): 1-10.
  • Şensoy, S., Türkoğlu, N., Çiçek, İ., Matzarakis, A. (2020). Antalya'nın termal konfor özellikleri, iklim model verileri kullanılarak gelecek projeksiyonları ve turizme etkileri, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi/ Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences, 18(2): 124-160.
  • Şensoy, S., Türkoğlu, N., Çiçek, İ., Matzarakis, A. (2020). Antalya'nın termal konfor özellikleri, iklim model verileri kullanılarak gelecek projeksiyonları ve turizme etkileri, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi/ Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences, 18(2): 124-160.
  • Tağıl, Ş., Ersayın, K. (2015). Balıkesir ilinde dış ortam termal konfor değerlendirmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 8(41):747-755.
  • Tağıl, Ş., Ersayın, K. (2015). Balıkesir ilinde dış ortam termal konfor değerlendirmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 8(41):747-755.
  • Topay, M. (2007). The importance of climate for recreational planning of rural areas: Case study of Muğla Province, Turkey. Developments in Tourism Climatology (Edited by: A. Matzarakis, CR de Freitas and D. Scott), 29, 36.
  • Topay, M. (2007). The importance of climate for recreational planning of rural areas: Case study of Muğla Province, Turkey. Developments in Tourism Climatology (Edited by: A. Matzarakis, CR de Freitas and D. Scott), 29, 36.
  • Topay, M. (2012). Importance of thermal comfort in the sustainable landscape planning, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 13(3):1480–1487.
  • Topay, M. (2012). Importance of thermal comfort in the sustainable landscape planning, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 13(3):1480–1487.
  • Topay, M. (2013). Mapping of thermal comfort for outdoor recreation planning using GIS: The case of Isparta Province (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37(1): 110-120.
  • Topay, M. (2013). Mapping of thermal comfort for outdoor recreation planning using GIS: The case of Isparta Province (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37(1): 110-120.
  • Topay, M., Yılmaz, B. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfora sahip alanların belirlenmesinde CBS’den yararlanma olanakları: Muğla ili örneği. Proceedings of 3th GIS Days in Turkey, 425-434.
  • Topay, M., Yılmaz, B. (2004). Biyoklimatik konfora sahip alanların belirlenmesinde CBS’den yararlanma olanakları: Muğla ili örneği. Proceedings of 3th GIS Days in Turkey, 425-434.
  • Toy, S. (2010). Biyoklimatik Konfor Değerleri Bakımından Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Rekreasyonel Alanlarının İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Atatürk Üniversitesi, 206s, Erzurum.
  • Toy, S. (2010). Biyoklimatik Konfor Değerleri Bakımından Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Rekreasyonel Alanlarının İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Atatürk Üniversitesi, 206s, Erzurum.
  • Unger, J. (1999). Comparisons of urban and rural bioclimatological conditions in the case of a Central-European city. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(3): 139-144.
  • Unger, J. (1999). Comparisons of urban and rural bioclimatological conditions in the case of a Central-European city. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43(3): 139-144.
  • Wai, K.M., Yuan, C., Lai, A., Peter, K.N. (2020). Relationship between pedestrian-level outdoor thermal comfort and building morphology in a high-density city. Science of the Total Environment, 708, 134516; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134516
  • Wai, K.M., Yuan, C., Lai, A., Peter, K.N. (2020). Relationship between pedestrian-level outdoor thermal comfort and building morphology in a high-density city. Science of the Total Environment, 708, 134516; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134516
  • Wang, W.W., Zhu, L.Z., Wang, R.C. (2004). An analysis on spatial variation of urban human thermal comfort in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 16(2): 332-338.
  • Wang, W.W., Zhu, L.Z., Wang, R.C. (2004). An analysis on spatial variation of urban human thermal comfort in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 16(2): 332-338.
  • Watson, D.F. (1985). A refinement of inverse distance weighted interpolation. Geoprocessing, 2: 315-327.
  • Watson, D.F. (1985). A refinement of inverse distance weighted interpolation. Geoprocessing, 2: 315-327.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2006). Bartın ili ve yakın çevresi peyzaj özelliklerini etkileyen iklim parametrelerinin analizi ve değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(9): 33-41.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2006). Bartın ili ve yakın çevresi peyzaj özelliklerini etkileyen iklim parametrelerinin analizi ve değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(9): 33-41.
  • Yılmaz, S., Toy, S., Irmak, M.A., Yılmaz, H. (2007). Determination of climatic differences in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. Building and Environment, 42(4): 1604-1612.
  • Yılmaz, S., Toy, S., Irmak, M.A., Yılmaz, H. (2007). Determination of climatic differences in three different land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. Building and Environment, 42(4): 1604-1612.
  • Zengin, M., Kopar, I., Karahan, F. (2010). Determination of bioclimatic comfort in Erzurum–Rize expressway corridor using GIS. Building and Environment, 45(1): 158-164.
  • Zengin, M., Kopar, I., Karahan, F. (2010). Determination of bioclimatic comfort in Erzurum–Rize expressway corridor using GIS. Building and Environment, 45(1): 158-164.
Toplam 142 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mimarlık, Peyzaj Mimarlığı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nihat Karakuş 0000-0002-6924-1879

Serdar Selim 0000-0002-5631-6253

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 16 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karakuş, N., & Selim, S. (2022). Dış Mekân Termal Konfor Koşullarının Zamansal ve Mekânsal Dağılımı: Konyaaltı-Antalya Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(2), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1151024
 Kapak Resmi İndir