DEĞİŞTİRİLEBİLİR ALANSAL BİRİM PROBLEMİ VE EKONOMİK FAALİYETLERİN MEKÂNSAL YOĞUNLAŞMASI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Ekonomik birimlerin mekânsal yoğunlaşması, firmaların birbirine yakın konumlanmasıyla elde edilen faydalar, ölçek ekonomilerinden, teknik işgücü havuzundan, düşük nakliye ve iletişim maliyetlerinden ve teknoloji transferlerinden kaynaklanabilir. Ancak, bu yoğunlaşmanın etkili bir şekilde değerlendirilebilmesi ve bölgesel politikaların ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmaya yönelik etkili bir şekilde geliştirilebilmesi için mekânsal yoğunlaşma ölçümlerinin tutarlı olması gerekmektedir. Bu noktada, mekânsal analizde karşılaşılan bir problem olan değiştirilebilir alansal birim problemine (MAUP) dikkat çekilmektedir. MAUP, toplu verilerin ve idari sınırların kullanılmasından kaynaklanan ve mekânsal analiz sonuçlarını etkileyebilen bir durumu ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma, literatürde MAUP olarak bilinen bu sorunu ana hatlarıyla ortaya koymakta, önerilen çözüm yollarına vurgu yapmakta ve ekonomik faaliyetlerin yoğunlaşma ölçümlerinde MAUP etkilerini değerlendirmektedir. Genel bir değerlendirme yapıldığında, MAUP etkilerini azaltmak için sınırlandırılmamış bir mekânsal yapı ve bireyselleştirilmiş mekânsal verilerin kullanımının önemli olduğu sonucuna varılabilir. Ayrıca, ekonomik faaliyetlerin mekânsal yoğunlaşması ile ilgili çalışmalarda, kümelenmeye dayalı göstergeleri kullanan yaklaşımların MAUP'u dikkate almadığı, mesafeye dayalı yaklaşımların ise çeşitli açılardan MAUP etkilerini minimize ettiği belirtilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Değiştirilebilir Alansal Birim Problemi
• Yığılma Ekonomileri
• Ölçek Etkisi
• Bölgeleme Etkisi
• Mekansal Yoğunlaşma

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MODIFIABLE AREAL UNIT PROBLEM AND SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Öz

The benefits derived from the spatial concentration of economic units, resulting from the close positioning of firms, may stem from economies of scale, a technical labor pool, low transportation and communication costs, and technology transfers. However, for this concentration to be effectively evaluated and regional policies to be developed efficiently for economic growth and development, spatial concentration measurements need to be consistent. At this point, attention is drawn to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), a problem encountered in spatial analysis arising from the use of aggregated data and administrative boundaries, which impacts spatial analysis results. This study outlines the MAUP issue in the literature, emphasizes proposed solutions, and evaluates the impact of MAUP on measurements of the spatial concentration of economic activities. In a general assessment, it can be concluded that an unrestricted spatial structure and the use of personalized spatial data are crucial for mitigating MAUP effects. Additionally, in studies related to the spatial concentration of economic activities, approaches utilizing cluster-based indicators tend to neglect MAUP, while distance-based approaches are noted to minimize MAUP effects from various perspectives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
• Agglomeration Economies
• Scale Effect
• Zoning Effect
• Spatial Concentration

Kaynakça

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