MUTLULUKTA ULUSAL KÜLTÜRÜN ROLÜ: KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR-MUTLULUK PUANI İLİŞKİ MODELLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışma ülkelerin kültürel özellikleri ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri çözümlemeyi konu almıştır. Literatür bağlamında; kültür-mutluluk ilişkisinde, en fazla ele alınmış Hofstede’nin kültür boyutları (güç mesafesi, bireycilik-toplulukçuluk, erillik-dişilik, uzun-kısa vade yönelimi, belirsizlikten kaçınma, tolerans) bu araştırmanın bağımsız değişkenlerini oluşturmuştur. Birleşmiş Milletlerin düzenli olarak 8 yıldır yayınladığı ülkelerin mutluluk skorları da ölçümlenen boyutlar (kişi başına GSYİH, sosyal destek, sağlıklı yaşam beklentisi, yaşam seçimi özgürlüğü, cömertlik, yolsuzluk algısı) bağlamında bağımlı değişkenleri oluşturmuştur. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine göre kurulan modeller, veriler sonucu önerilen modellerle revize edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre ülkelerin toplam mutluluk skoru üzerinde doğrudan etkisi olan iki boyut güç mesafesi ve bireyciliktir. Ayrıca farklı mutluluk boyutları üzerinde; belirsizlikten kaçınma ve uzun dönem yönelimli olma kültür değişkenlerinin de önemli etkiler oluşturduğu söylenebilir. Kültürün toplam mutluluk skorları ve mutluluk boyutları üzerindeki açıklayıcı varyans değerleri, kültürün mutluluğu belirleyici etkisinin ne denli yüksek olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültür
• Hofstede Kültür Boyutları
• Mutluluk
• Dünya Mutluluk Endeksi

ROLE OF NATIONAL CULTURE IN HAPPINESS: CULTURAL DIMENSIONS-HAPPINESS SCORE RELATIONSHIP MODELS

Öz

This study aims to analyze the relationships between the cultural characteristics and happiness levels of countries. In the context of the literature, the cultural dimensions of Hofstede (power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, long-short term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, tolerance) that have been most frequently discussed constitutes the independent variables of this study. The happiness scores of countries that have been published regularly for 8 years by the United Nations constitutes the dependent variables in the context of the measured dimensions (GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to life choices, generosity, perception of corruption). The models established based on structural equation modeling have been revised with the methods proposed as a result of data. According to the findings, the two dimensions that have a direct effect on the total happiness scores of countries are power distance and individualism. Additionally, it can be stated that the uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation variables also have significant effects on different dimensions of happiness. The explanatory variance values of culture on the happiness scores and happiness dimensions have shown how high the determining effect of culture on happiness could be.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Culture
• Hofstede Cultural Dimensions
• Happiness
• World Happiness Report

Kaynakça

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