Örgütsel Sessizlik: Sessizlik Davranışları, Örgütsel ve Bireysel Etkileri

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 6, 136 - 147, 25.07.2012

Ali Alparslan , Murat Kayalar

Öz

Örgütsel sessizlik ve işgörenlerin sessizlik davranışları son zamanlarda yabancı literatürde sosyal psikoloji ve etkilediği örgütsel davranış biliminin ilgilendiği bir konudur. Ancak bilinmektedir ki sessizlik; örgüt veya toplum yapısının var olduğu süredir yaşanan göz ardı edilemez bir olgudur. Bireysel bir davranış olmasının yanında kişilerin birbirlerinden etkilenerek bir iklim haline dönüşen bir özelliğe de sahiptir.   Yapılan bu kavramsal çalışmayla da örgütsel sessizlik ve örgütsel sessizlik iklimi tanımlanmakta, örgütsel sessizliğin örgütsel ve bireysel etkileri belirtilmekte ve bu etkiler bağlamında işgörenlerin sergiledikleri sessizlik davranışları boyutlandırılarak ayrıntılı biçimde anlatılmaktadır. Çalışmanın katkısı; her örgütte yaşanan, ancak yerli literatürde kavramsal ve akademik anlamda bir yazın sahibi olmayan bu konuya dikkat çekmek ve diğer örgütsel davranış olguları ile ilgisinin araştırılmasını adına farkındalık oluşturabilmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Örgütsel Davranış, Örgütsel Sessizlik, Sessizlik Davranışı

Organizational Silence: Silence Behaviors and Their Organizational and Individual Effects

Öz

Organizational silence and employees’ silence behavior are subjects which have been recently dealt in foreign literature by social psychology and the organizational behavior science which it has influenced. However, it is known that silence is a non-negligible phenomenon which has been experienced ever since the organizational or community structure existed. Besides it is an individual behavior, it becomes a climate as people are affected by each other. With this conceptual study, organizational silence and organizational silence climate is defined, the organizational and individual influences of organizational silence are stated and the silence behaviors shown by employees under these influences are factored and explained in detail. This study aims to attract attention to this subject which is present in every organization yet does not hold a place in local academic and conceptual literature, and to be able to raise awareness to research about its relations with other organizational behavior phenomena.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organizational behavior, Organizational silence, Silence behavior

Kaynakça

• Blatt, R., M. K.Christianson, K. M. Sutcliffe ve M. M. Rosenthal, (2006). A Sensemaking Lens On Reliability, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27(7), 897–917.
• Botero, I. C., L. V. Dyne, (2009). Employee Voice Behavior: Interactive Effects of LMX and Power Distance in the United States and Colombia, Management Communication Quarterly, 23(1), 84- 104.
• Bowen, F., K. Blackmon, (2003). Spirals of Silence: The Dynamic Effects of Diversity on Organizational Voice, Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), (September) 1393-1417.
• Breen, V., R. Fetzer, L., Howard ve R. Preziosi, (2005). Consensus Problem- Solving Increases Perceived Communication Openness in Organizations, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 17(4), 215-229.
• Brinsfield, C. T., (2009). Employee Silence: Investigatıon Of Dimensionalıty, Development Of Measures, And Examination Of Related Factors, Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi, The Ohio State Üniversitesi, Amerika.
• Çakıcı, A., (2007). Örgütlerde Sessizlik: Sessizliğin Teorik Temelleri Ve Dinamikleri, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), 145-162.
• Clapham, S. E., R. W. Cooper, (2005). Factors of Employees’ Effective Voice in Corporate Governance, Journal of Management and Governance, 9(3-4), 287–313.
• Dyne, L. V., S. Ang ve C. B. Isabel, (2003). Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice as Multidimensional Constructs, Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1360-1392, (September).
• Edmonson, A. C., (1999). Psychological safety and learning behaviour in work teams, Administrative, Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383.
• Ehtiyar, R., M., Yanardağ, (2008). Organizational Silence: A Survey On Employees Working in Chain Hotel, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 14(1), 51-68.
• Gephart, J. J. K., J. R. Detert, , L. K. E. Trevin ve C. Amy, (2009) Silenced by fear: The nature, sources, and consequences of fear at work, Research in Organizational Behavior, 29, 1-31.
• Glauser, M. J., (1984). Upward information flow in organization: Review and Conceptual Analysis, Human Relations, 37(8), 613-643.
• Grant, A. M., S. Parker, ve C. Collins, (2009) Getting Credit For Proactive Behavior: Supervisor Reactions Depend On What You Value And How You Feel, Personnel Psychology, 62, 31–55.
• Henrinksen, K., E. Dayton (2006). Organizational Silence and Hidden Threats to Patient Safety, Health Research and Educational Trust, 41(4) 1539-1554.
• Kahn, W. A., (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(4), 692–724.
• Maria, W. D.,(2006). Brother Secret, Sister Silence: Sibling Conspiracies Against Managerial Integrity, Journal of Business Ethics, 65(3), 219– 234,.
• Mayhew, M. J., H. E. Grunwald ve E. L. Dey, (2006). Breaking The Silence: Achieving a Positive Campus Climate for Diversity from the Staff Perspective, Research in Higher Education, 47(1), 63-88.
• Milliken, F. J., E. W.Morrison, (2003). Shades of Silence: Emerging Themes and Future Directions for Research on Silence in Organizations, Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1563-1568.
• Milliken, F. J., E. W. Morrison ve P. F.Hewlin, (2003). An Exploratory Study of Employee Silence: Issues that Employees Don’t Communicate Upward and Why, Journal of Management Studies, 40(3), 1453-1476.
• Morrison, E. W., F. J. Milliken, (2000). Organisational silence: a barrier to change and development in pluralistic world, Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
• Nakane, I., (2006). Silence and politeness in intercultural communication in university seminars, Journal of Pragmatics, 38(11), 1811-1835.
• Nikolaou, I., M. Vakola ve D. Bourantas, (2008). Who speaks up at work? Dispositional influences on employees’ voice behavior, Personnel Review, 37(6), 666-679.
• Panteli, N., S.Fineman, (2005). The sound of silence: the case of virtual team organising, Behaviour & Information Technology, 24(5), (September), 347 – 352.
• Perlow, L. A., N. P. Repenning, (2009). The dynamics of silencing conflict, Research in Organizational Behavior, 20, 1-29.
• Perlow, L. A., S. Williams, (2003). Is Silence Killing Your Company, Harward Business Review, (May), 3-8.
• Pinder C. C., K. P. Harlos, (2001). Employee Silence: Quiescence And Acquiescence As Responses To Perceived Injustice, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331- 369.
• Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. Mackenzie, J. B. Paine ve D. G. Bachrach, (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research, Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563.
• Raub, S., (2008). Does bureaucracy kill individual initiative? The impact of structure on organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 179–186.
• Ruppel, C. P., S. J. Harrington, (2000). The relationship of communication, ethical work climate, and trust to commitment and innovation. Journal of Business Ethics, 25(4), 313-328.
• Scott, R. L. (1993). Dialectical tensions of speaking and silence, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 79(1) (Şubat), 1-18.
• Slade M. R., (2008). The Adaptive Nature of Organizational Silence: A Cybernetic Exploration of the Hidden Factory, Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi George Washington Universitesi.
• Tangirala, S., R. Ramanujam, (2008). Employee Silence On Critical Work Issues: The Cross Level Effects Of Procedural Justice Climate, Personnel Psychology, 61, 37–68.
• Vakola, M., D. Bouradas, (2005).Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: an empirical investigation, Employee Relations, 27(5), 441-458.