Araştırma Makalesi
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Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) odununda dielektrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 265 - 280, 16.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.1749262

Öz

Günümüzde doğu kayın (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) odunu, mobilya, müzik aletleri, oymacılık ve kaplama malzemesi gibi çeşitli alanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, doğu kayınının 100 Hz–1 MHz AC sinyal frekanslarında ve 0–100 V DC gerilim aralığında dielektrik özellikleri incelenmiş ve farklı yüzey koşullarının bu özellikler üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kontrol grubu ahşap (CW) ve iki hafta suda bekletilmiş ahşap (SW) örneklerinin dielektrik, termal ve serbest yüzey enerjisi davranışları kapsamlı şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Deneysel ölçümler kapsamında, özgül ısı kapasitesi (Cp), gerçek (ε′) ve sanal (ε″) dielektrik sabitleri, alternatif akım elektriksel iletkenlik (σac), serbest enerji bileşeni (G/ω), dielektrik kayıp faktörü (tanδ) gibi temel parametreler detaylı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. SW örnekleri CW örneklerine kıyasla yaklaşık 1.000 kat daha yüksek (ε″) değerleri ve (tanδ)'de iki ila üç kat artış göstermektedir. Ayrıca, (σac) CW'de ~10⁻⁹ S/m'den SW'de ~10⁻⁴ S/m'ye yükselerek, daha yüksek nem içeriği nedeniyle iyonik iletkenlikte önemli bir artış olduğunu göstermektedir. CV numuneleri tüm frekans aralığında tutarlı dielektrik özellikler göstererek yalıtım özelliklerini korumaktadır. Tüm ölçümlerin üç kez tekrarlanmış (n=3) ve standart sapmanın %5'ten küçük bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, kuru odunun düşük kayıplarla tutarlı dielektrik performansını korurken, nemin iletkenliği ve dielektrik kayıplarını önemli ölçüde artırdığını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, F., and Arıkan, O., (2020). Harmonik bileşenlerin katı yalıtkan malzemelerin dielektrik performansına etkisi, Elektrik Elektronik ve Biyomedikal Mühendisliği Konferansı, ELECO 2020, Bursa, Türkiye, 1-5.
  • Aksoy, M., Önsal, G., and Uğurlu, O., (2023). Ni (II)Pc ve CdSeS/ZnS kuantum nokta katkılı sıvı kristal yapıların dielektrik sabitinin makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile tahmin edilmesi, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 11(1), 513-523, DOI: 10.29130/dubited.1091499
  • Bal, B.C., Gündeş, Z., and Akçakaya, E., (2015). Kavak, kayın ve okaliptüs kaplamaları ile üretilen kontrplakların vida tutma direncinin araştırılması, KSÜ Journal of Engineering Sciences, 18(2), 77-83.
  • Barsoukov, E., and Macdonald, J. R., (2005). Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory, Experiment, and Applications, 2nd ed., Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Interscience.
  • Bashal, A. H., Khalafalla, M. A. H., and Ibrahim, R. M., (2025). Experimental and semiempirical quantum investigations of the effect of Cobalt addition on the dielectric properties of Nickle-Bentonite composite, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 102(101696), 1-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2025.101696
  • Demir, A., (2025). Multispectral analysis of photosensitive perovskite-E7 liquid crystal composites: Correlating optical response with electrical properties, Optical Materials, 162, 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116878
  • Demir, A., Musatat, A. B., and Kip, Ş. Z., (2024). Investigation of dielectric anisotropy and electrical modulus-impedance properties of PCBM/E7 composite for organic electronic devices applications, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 72-79, DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.1562667
  • Duchow, K.J., and Gerhardt, R.A., (1996). Dielectric characterization of wood and wood infiltrated with ceramic precursors, Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic Materials Sensors and Systems, 4: 125-131.
  • El Mamı, M. M., (2024). Oltu taşının dielektrik özelliklerinin nem ve frekansa bağlı değişimlerinin incelenmesi, T.C. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ağustos-2024, Konya.
  • Elloumi, I., Koubaa, A., Kharrat, W., Bradai, C., and Elloumi, A., (2021). Dielectric properties of wood–polymer composites: Effects of frequency, fiber nature, proportion, and chemical composition. Journal of Composites Science, 5(6), 141, DOI: 10.3390/jcs5060141
  • Gencel, O., Musatat, A. B., Demir, A., Tozluoğlu, A., Tutuş, A., Kıllı, U., Fidan, H., and Kosovalı Cavuş, F., (2024). Transforming industrial byproduct to eco-friendly functional material: Ground-granulated blast furnace slag reinforced paper for renewable energy storage, Science of the Total Environment, 954, 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176616
  • Güntekin, E., and Uysal, M., (2024). Experimental and numerical analysis of the bending behavior of beech (Fagus orientalis L.) plywood-reinforced particleboard and fiberboard panels, Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 7(1), 26-37, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1464366
  • Glass, S. V., and Zelinka, S. L., (2010). Moisture relations and physical properties of wood. In Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material (4-1–4-19). USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
  • Husein, I., Agustina, A., and Khabibi, J., (2014). Electrical properties of Indonesian hardwood case study: Acacia mangium, Swietenia macrophylla and Maesopsis eminii, Wood Research, 59(4), 695-704.
  • İbrahimoğlu, E., Demir, A., Çalışkan, F., and Tatlı, Z., (2024). The dielectric characteristics of spray deposited α-Si3N4:ZnO thin films: The nitride effect on frequency-dependent capacitance and conductance profiles, Solid State Sciences, 158, 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107754
  • James, W. L., (1975). Dielectric properties of wood and hardboard: Variation with temperature, frequency, Moisture Content, and Grain Orientation Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
  • Joshi, S., Shukla, A., Kumar, N., and Choudhary, R. N. P., (2025). Investigating the impact of La and Ti co-doping on the structural, morphological, dielectric, electrical, and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1026(180383), 1-11, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180383
  • Jonscher, A. K., (1977). The ‘universal’ dielectric response. Nature, 267, 673–679.
  • Kao, K.C., (2004). Dielectric phenomena in solids, With Emphasis on Physical Concepts of Electronic Processes, In 1st ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press.
  • Kara, H., Özder, C., Keskin, H., Atar, M., and Karabal, B. N., (2024). Effect of paints applied to wood and wood-based boards on light intensity in combustion, Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 7(2), 172-187, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1563749
  • Macdonald, J. R., (1992). Impedance spectroscopy, Annals of Biomedical Engineerin, 20, 289-305.
  • Markham, T. R., (1964). Dielectric constant and loss data. In Polymer Handbook (pp. III-1–III-31). Wiley.
  • Notingher, P., Notingher, P. V., Niţu, C., and Georgescu, D., (2003). Dielectric properties of wood–polymer composites as a function of frequency and moisture. Polymer Testing, 22(5), 555–562.
  • Ondo-Ndong, R., Essone-Obame, H., Moussambi, Z. H., and Koumba, N., (2018). Capacitive properties of zinc oxide thin films by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics, 12(4), 309-317, DOI: 10.1007/s40094-018-0309-9
  • Otten, K. A., Brischke, C., and Meyer, C., (2017). Material moisture content of wood and cement mortars – Electrical resistance-based measurements in the high ohmic range, Construction and Building Materials, 153, 640-646, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.090
  • Pentoś, K., Łuczycka, D., and Wysoczański, T., (2017). Dielectric properties of selected wood species in Poland. Wood Research, 62(5), 727–736
  • Porebska, R., Matykiewicz, D., Barczewski, M., and Andrzejewski, J., (2021). Dielectric properties of wood fiber reinforced polyethylene composites across frequency. Journal of Composites Science, 5(6), 141.
  • Ramazanoğlu, D., Subaşı, A., Musatat, A. B., Demir, A., Subaşı, S., and Maraşlı, M., (2025). Multifunctional SnO2-@ doped glass fiber-reinforced concrete: Improved microstructure, mechanical, dielectric, and energy storage characteristics, Construction and Building Materials, 476(141231), 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141231
  • Sabbah, H., Fadil, Z., El Fdil, R., Raorane, C. J., Rosaiah, P., AlSayyari, A. A., Fattah, A. A., and Mahmoud, K. H., (2025). Investigating dielectric properties and hysteresis cycles in X3 Borophene: A Monte Carlo study, Solid State Communications, 400(115913), 1-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssc.2025.115913
  • Sahin, H., and Ay, N., (2004). Dielectric properties of hardwood species at microwave frequencies, Journal of Wood Science, 50(5), 375–380, DOI: 10.1007/s10086-003-0575-1
  • Sugimoto, H., Takazawa, R., and Norimoto, M., (2005). Dielectric relaxation due to heterogeneous structure in moist Wood, The Japan Wood Research Society, 51, 549-553, DOI: 10.1007/s10086-004-0688-1
  • Tinga, W., and Nelson, S., (1973). Dielectric properties of materials for microwave processing-tabulated, Journal of Microwave Power, 8(1), 23-65, DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1973.11689017
  • Tiwary, K. P., Mishra, R. K., Nikhil, K., Choubey, S. K., Kumar, S., and Sharma, K., (2025). Investigation of structural, morphological, optical and dielectric properties of Ni2+ modified CdTe nanoparticles, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 712(417311), 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2025.417311
  • Torkaman, J., Aghajankordi, M., and Rangavar, H., (2022). Modification of the beech (Fagus orientalis) wood properties via electricity. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 13(1), 27–35
  • Torgovnikov, G. I., (1993). Dielectric Properties of Wood and Wood-Based Materials. Springer, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-77453-9
  • Vaydoğan, K. G., (2017). Isıl işlem görmüş bazı ağaç malzemelerin farklı rutubet şartlarındaki ısı iletkenlik ve dielektrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Karabük Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, Yüksel Lisans Tezi, Karabük.
  • Vos, M., and Grande, P. L., (2025). Dielectric functions, their properties and their relation to observables: Investigations using the Chapidif program for the case of aluminum, Computer Physics Communications, 314(109657), 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109657
  • Von Hippel, A. R., (1954). Dielectric Materials and Applications. MIT Press.
  • Wei, L., Liu, Q. X., Zhu, B., Liu, W. J., Ding, S. J., Lu, H. L., Jiang, A., and Zhang, D. W., (2016). Low-cost and high-productivity three dimensional nanocapacitors based on stand-up ZnO nanowires for energy storage, Nanoscale Research Letters, 11(213), 1-9, DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1429-2
  • Yalınkılıç, A.C., Aksoy, E., Atar, M., and Keskin, H., (2020). Renk açma ve vernikleme işleminin bazı ağaç malzemelerin alev kaynaklı yanma özelliklerine etkileri, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 61-70, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.750801

Determination of dielectric properties in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 265 - 280, 16.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.1749262

Öz

Today, the wood of the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) is widely used in various applications, including furniture, musical instruments, carvings, and veneer. In this study, the dielectric properties of oriental beech were investigated at AC signal frequencies of 100 Hz–1 MHz in the voltage range of 0–100 V DC, and the effects of different surface conditions on these properties were investigated. The dielectric, thermal and surface free energy behaviors of control wood (CW) and wood soaked in water for two weeks (SW) were analyzed comprehensively. Basic parameters such as specific heat capacity (Cp), real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) dielectric constants, alternating current electrical conductivity (σac), free energy component (G/ω), dielectric loss factor (tanδ) were evaluated in detail within the scope of experimental measurements. SW samples exhibited approximately 1,000-fold higher (ε″) values and a two-to three-fold increase in (tanδ) compared to CW samples. Furthermore, (σac) increased from ~10⁻⁹ S/m in CW to ~10⁻⁴ S/m in SW, indicating a significant increase in ionic conductivity due to the higher moisture content. CV samples maintain their insulation properties by showing consistent dielectric properties across the entire frequency range. All measurements were repeated three times (n=3) and the standard deviation was found to be less than 5%. These results show that whereas dry wood retains consistent dielectric performance with low losses, moisture dramatically increases conductivity and dielectric losses.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, F., and Arıkan, O., (2020). Harmonik bileşenlerin katı yalıtkan malzemelerin dielektrik performansına etkisi, Elektrik Elektronik ve Biyomedikal Mühendisliği Konferansı, ELECO 2020, Bursa, Türkiye, 1-5.
  • Aksoy, M., Önsal, G., and Uğurlu, O., (2023). Ni (II)Pc ve CdSeS/ZnS kuantum nokta katkılı sıvı kristal yapıların dielektrik sabitinin makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile tahmin edilmesi, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 11(1), 513-523, DOI: 10.29130/dubited.1091499
  • Bal, B.C., Gündeş, Z., and Akçakaya, E., (2015). Kavak, kayın ve okaliptüs kaplamaları ile üretilen kontrplakların vida tutma direncinin araştırılması, KSÜ Journal of Engineering Sciences, 18(2), 77-83.
  • Barsoukov, E., and Macdonald, J. R., (2005). Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory, Experiment, and Applications, 2nd ed., Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Interscience.
  • Bashal, A. H., Khalafalla, M. A. H., and Ibrahim, R. M., (2025). Experimental and semiempirical quantum investigations of the effect of Cobalt addition on the dielectric properties of Nickle-Bentonite composite, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 102(101696), 1-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2025.101696
  • Demir, A., (2025). Multispectral analysis of photosensitive perovskite-E7 liquid crystal composites: Correlating optical response with electrical properties, Optical Materials, 162, 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116878
  • Demir, A., Musatat, A. B., and Kip, Ş. Z., (2024). Investigation of dielectric anisotropy and electrical modulus-impedance properties of PCBM/E7 composite for organic electronic devices applications, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 72-79, DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.1562667
  • Duchow, K.J., and Gerhardt, R.A., (1996). Dielectric characterization of wood and wood infiltrated with ceramic precursors, Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic Materials Sensors and Systems, 4: 125-131.
  • El Mamı, M. M., (2024). Oltu taşının dielektrik özelliklerinin nem ve frekansa bağlı değişimlerinin incelenmesi, T.C. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ağustos-2024, Konya.
  • Elloumi, I., Koubaa, A., Kharrat, W., Bradai, C., and Elloumi, A., (2021). Dielectric properties of wood–polymer composites: Effects of frequency, fiber nature, proportion, and chemical composition. Journal of Composites Science, 5(6), 141, DOI: 10.3390/jcs5060141
  • Gencel, O., Musatat, A. B., Demir, A., Tozluoğlu, A., Tutuş, A., Kıllı, U., Fidan, H., and Kosovalı Cavuş, F., (2024). Transforming industrial byproduct to eco-friendly functional material: Ground-granulated blast furnace slag reinforced paper for renewable energy storage, Science of the Total Environment, 954, 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176616
  • Güntekin, E., and Uysal, M., (2024). Experimental and numerical analysis of the bending behavior of beech (Fagus orientalis L.) plywood-reinforced particleboard and fiberboard panels, Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 7(1), 26-37, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1464366
  • Glass, S. V., and Zelinka, S. L., (2010). Moisture relations and physical properties of wood. In Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material (4-1–4-19). USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
  • Husein, I., Agustina, A., and Khabibi, J., (2014). Electrical properties of Indonesian hardwood case study: Acacia mangium, Swietenia macrophylla and Maesopsis eminii, Wood Research, 59(4), 695-704.
  • İbrahimoğlu, E., Demir, A., Çalışkan, F., and Tatlı, Z., (2024). The dielectric characteristics of spray deposited α-Si3N4:ZnO thin films: The nitride effect on frequency-dependent capacitance and conductance profiles, Solid State Sciences, 158, 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107754
  • James, W. L., (1975). Dielectric properties of wood and hardboard: Variation with temperature, frequency, Moisture Content, and Grain Orientation Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
  • Joshi, S., Shukla, A., Kumar, N., and Choudhary, R. N. P., (2025). Investigating the impact of La and Ti co-doping on the structural, morphological, dielectric, electrical, and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1026(180383), 1-11, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180383
  • Jonscher, A. K., (1977). The ‘universal’ dielectric response. Nature, 267, 673–679.
  • Kao, K.C., (2004). Dielectric phenomena in solids, With Emphasis on Physical Concepts of Electronic Processes, In 1st ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press.
  • Kara, H., Özder, C., Keskin, H., Atar, M., and Karabal, B. N., (2024). Effect of paints applied to wood and wood-based boards on light intensity in combustion, Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 7(2), 172-187, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1563749
  • Macdonald, J. R., (1992). Impedance spectroscopy, Annals of Biomedical Engineerin, 20, 289-305.
  • Markham, T. R., (1964). Dielectric constant and loss data. In Polymer Handbook (pp. III-1–III-31). Wiley.
  • Notingher, P., Notingher, P. V., Niţu, C., and Georgescu, D., (2003). Dielectric properties of wood–polymer composites as a function of frequency and moisture. Polymer Testing, 22(5), 555–562.
  • Ondo-Ndong, R., Essone-Obame, H., Moussambi, Z. H., and Koumba, N., (2018). Capacitive properties of zinc oxide thin films by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics, 12(4), 309-317, DOI: 10.1007/s40094-018-0309-9
  • Otten, K. A., Brischke, C., and Meyer, C., (2017). Material moisture content of wood and cement mortars – Electrical resistance-based measurements in the high ohmic range, Construction and Building Materials, 153, 640-646, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.090
  • Pentoś, K., Łuczycka, D., and Wysoczański, T., (2017). Dielectric properties of selected wood species in Poland. Wood Research, 62(5), 727–736
  • Porebska, R., Matykiewicz, D., Barczewski, M., and Andrzejewski, J., (2021). Dielectric properties of wood fiber reinforced polyethylene composites across frequency. Journal of Composites Science, 5(6), 141.
  • Ramazanoğlu, D., Subaşı, A., Musatat, A. B., Demir, A., Subaşı, S., and Maraşlı, M., (2025). Multifunctional SnO2-@ doped glass fiber-reinforced concrete: Improved microstructure, mechanical, dielectric, and energy storage characteristics, Construction and Building Materials, 476(141231), 1-15, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141231
  • Sabbah, H., Fadil, Z., El Fdil, R., Raorane, C. J., Rosaiah, P., AlSayyari, A. A., Fattah, A. A., and Mahmoud, K. H., (2025). Investigating dielectric properties and hysteresis cycles in X3 Borophene: A Monte Carlo study, Solid State Communications, 400(115913), 1-8, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssc.2025.115913
  • Sahin, H., and Ay, N., (2004). Dielectric properties of hardwood species at microwave frequencies, Journal of Wood Science, 50(5), 375–380, DOI: 10.1007/s10086-003-0575-1
  • Sugimoto, H., Takazawa, R., and Norimoto, M., (2005). Dielectric relaxation due to heterogeneous structure in moist Wood, The Japan Wood Research Society, 51, 549-553, DOI: 10.1007/s10086-004-0688-1
  • Tinga, W., and Nelson, S., (1973). Dielectric properties of materials for microwave processing-tabulated, Journal of Microwave Power, 8(1), 23-65, DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1973.11689017
  • Tiwary, K. P., Mishra, R. K., Nikhil, K., Choubey, S. K., Kumar, S., and Sharma, K., (2025). Investigation of structural, morphological, optical and dielectric properties of Ni2+ modified CdTe nanoparticles, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 712(417311), 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2025.417311
  • Torkaman, J., Aghajankordi, M., and Rangavar, H., (2022). Modification of the beech (Fagus orientalis) wood properties via electricity. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 13(1), 27–35
  • Torgovnikov, G. I., (1993). Dielectric Properties of Wood and Wood-Based Materials. Springer, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-77453-9
  • Vaydoğan, K. G., (2017). Isıl işlem görmüş bazı ağaç malzemelerin farklı rutubet şartlarındaki ısı iletkenlik ve dielektrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Karabük Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, Yüksel Lisans Tezi, Karabük.
  • Vos, M., and Grande, P. L., (2025). Dielectric functions, their properties and their relation to observables: Investigations using the Chapidif program for the case of aluminum, Computer Physics Communications, 314(109657), 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109657
  • Von Hippel, A. R., (1954). Dielectric Materials and Applications. MIT Press.
  • Wei, L., Liu, Q. X., Zhu, B., Liu, W. J., Ding, S. J., Lu, H. L., Jiang, A., and Zhang, D. W., (2016). Low-cost and high-productivity three dimensional nanocapacitors based on stand-up ZnO nanowires for energy storage, Nanoscale Research Letters, 11(213), 1-9, DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1429-2
  • Yalınkılıç, A.C., Aksoy, E., Atar, M., and Keskin, H., (2020). Renk açma ve vernikleme işleminin bazı ağaç malzemelerin alev kaynaklı yanma özelliklerine etkileri, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 61-70, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.750801
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Beytullah Bozali 0000-0002-3633-5780

Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 3 Kasım 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozali, B. (2025). Determination of dielectric properties in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 265-280. https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.1749262

Amaç ve Kapsam

Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi (MAMAD), mobilya konusunu ön planda tutarak Dergi Park üzerinde yayın hayatına başlayan ilk akademik dergidir. Bu nedenle, bu alanda çalışma yapan araştırmacılara, mobilya ve ahşap malzeme ile ilgili olan tüm okuyuculara hizmet sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.  

Açık erişim ve Uluslararası hakemli dergidir.

Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi; mobilya mekaniği, mobilya üst yüzey işlemleri, mobilya üretiminde kalite kontrol, mobilya ithalat ve ihracatı, bilgisayar destekli mobilya tasarımı, bilgisayar destekli mobilya üretimi konularında hazırlanan çalışmalara yer verecektir. Ayrıca, masif ahşap malzeme, ahşap esaslı kompozit malzemeler, odun plastik kompozit malzemeler, ahşap malzemenin işlenmesi, ahşap malzemenin güçlendirilmesi, ahşap malzemenin korunması, ahşap malzemenin modifikasyonu, ahşap malzemenin fiziksel, kimyasal, mekanik ve diğer teknolojik özelliklerini içeren araştırmalarda dergi kapsamındadır. Kâğıt  ve kağıt hamuru üzerine yapılan çalışmalar derginin kapsamı dışındadır. Dergi, araştırma ve derleme türündeki olan makaleleri yayınlamaktadır. Diğer türlerde hazırlanan makaleleri kabul etmemektedir.



Makale,dergi ana sayfasından veya buradan indirilecek MAMAD şablon dosya 2025 'e göre hazırlanmalı ve  copyright transfer form 2025  imzalanarak sisteme yüklenmelidir. 

Makalenin sorumlu yazarı aşağıdaki kuralları uygulamalıdır. 

 1.    Her yazarın ORCID ID verilmelidir.

2.    Makale başlıkları (Türkçe ve İngilizce başlık), sayfada ortalı, 14 punto ve koyu yazılmalıdır (Bold).

3.    Yazar İsimleri 12 Punto ve sadece ilk harfler büyük, normal yazılmalıdır (Bold değil).

4.    Makale ilk sayfasında “Öz” ve “Abstract” konumu doğru ve bu kelimeler koyu yazılmalıdır (Bold)

5.    Öz ve Abstract en az 150 ve en fazla 180 kelime olarak yazılmalıdır.

6.    Anahtar kelimeler en az 3 en fazla 5 kelime verilmelidir.

7.    Makale maksimum  sayfa sayısı 16'dır.

8.    Makale ilk sayfasının alt bilgi kısmında yazar bilgileri ve atıf bilgisi verilmelidir.

9.    İlk sayfa alt bilgide satırlar alt çizgi ile ayrılmalıdır. (Örnek)

10.    Giriş kısmına, makalenin ikinci sayfasından başlanmalıdır. Giriş kısmının son paragrafında çalışmanın amacı net olarak verilmelidir (Bu çalışmanın amacı...........dır). 

11.    Başlık numaralandırması doğru olarak verilmelidir.

12.    Yazı stili "Times new roman" ve büyüklüğü "12 punto" yapılmalıdır (Makale başlıkları hariç). Çizelge içeriği, sığdırmak için 8 puntoya kadar küçültülebilir.

13.    İtalik yazılması gereken ifadeler italik yapılmalıdır.

14.    Paragraf başı girinti miktarları 0,5 cm ve paragraflar arası 6 nk yapılmalıdır.

15.    Makalenin tüm bölümlerinde satır aralığı 1 olmalıdır.

16.    Sayfa kenar boşlukları üstten ve alttan 3, diğer kenarlardan 2.5 yapılmalıdır.

17.    Metin içinde yapılan atıflar doğru verilmelidir (Ali, Ayşe, Can,..1999 yanlış) (Ali ve ark., 1999 doğru) (Ali vd., 1999 yanlış).

18.    Metin içinde aynı parantez içinde verilen atıflar arası noktalı virgül “;” kullanılmalıdır.

19.    Formüller ve numaraları doğru verilmelidir. Formüller resim formatında verilmemelidir.

20.    Şekil ve çizelge numaraları sırası doğru verilmelidir.

21.    Şekil ve Çizelge başlıklarında Şekil 1 ve Çizelge 1 kelimeleri koyu (bold) verilmelidir.

22.    Şekil ve Çizelge başlıkları soldan içerde verilmemelidir (paragraf girintisi 0).

23.    Her şekil ve çizelgeye atıf yapılmalıdır.

24.    Şekil ve çizelgeler ortalı konumda olmalıdır.

25.    Şekillerde başlık alta ve çizelgelerde başlık üste yazılmalıdır.

26.    Sonuçlar kısmı maddeler halinde verilmelidir.

27.    Gerekli ise, teşekkür kısmı ve varsa proje numarası verilmelidir.

28.    Metin içerisinde ve çizelge içeriğindeki rakamlarda ondalık ayırıcı nokta olarak verilmelidir.

29.    Kaynaklarda “and” ifadesi ve “ve” ifadesi kullanılmalıdır (Örnek: Babiak, M., and Kúdela, J. Bal B.C., ve Efe F.T.)

30.    Kaynaklar listesinde, yazar isimleri nokta ve virgül ile (Bal B.C.,), yıl parantez içinde (1999). parantezden sonra “.” ifadesi ile, sayı numarasından sonra parantezi takiben virgül “2(3), 25-35” sayfa numaraları arası tire (-) ifadesi ile, her bir kaynak satırı arasında 6 nk boşluk ile yazılmalıdır. Dergi, kitap ve tez isimleri italik yazılmalıdır. Kaynak bildiri ise tamamı dik yazılmalıdır. Kaynak çalışmanın ilk harfi hariç küçük harf olarak verilmelidir. Dergi isimleri tam veya kıda adı verilebilir.  Atıf yapılan makalenin varsa DOI numarası verilmelidir.

31. Metin ve çizelgeler içindeki rakamların ayıracı nokta olmalıdır. (12.23 doğru, 12,23 yanlış)


Örnek kaynak gösterimi:

Bal, B. C., (2012). Genç odun ve olgun odunun lif morfolojisindeki farklılıklar üzerine bir araştırma, Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 8(2), 29-35, DOI:....

Çavuş, V., ve Ayata, Ü., (2018). Manolya ağacı, akçaağaç ve tespih ağacı odunlarında vida tutma direnci üzerine bir araştırma. MAMAD, 1(2), 94-102, DOI:.... 10.33725/mamad.496615.

Bal, B.C., ve Kaba, O., (2019). Kahramanmaraş ilindeki ahşap oyma atölyelerinin üretim miktarları üzerine bir araştırma. III. International Mediterranean Forest and Environment Symposium (IMFES2019), 3-5.Ekim.2019, Bildiriler kitabı S:520-524, Kahramanmaraş/ Türkiye.

Omatça, İ., (2006). Ahşabın, oyuncak üretiminde kullanımı ve önemi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Simav Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, Mobilya ve Dekorasyon Eğitimi Bölümü, Lisans tezi.


ASTM 1761, (2012). Standart test methods for mechanical fasteners in wood,. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Philadelphia.
Bal, B.C., and Bektaş, İ., (2012). The physical properties of heartwood and sapwood of Eucalyptus grandis, ProLigno, 8 (4), 35-43.
Bal, B.C., ve Altuntaş, E., (2013). Masif ağaç malzeme ve tabakalı kaplama kerestenin vida tutma direnci üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma, Düzce University journal of forestry, 9(2),14-22.
Bozkurt, Y., Göker, Y., ve Erdin, N., (1993). Emprenye tekniği, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, No 425, İstanbul,1993.
Çolak, S., Aydın, İ., ve Çolakoǧlu, G., (2003). Okaliptüs (E. camaldulensis) ağacının farklı yüksekliklerinden alınan tomruklardan üretilmiş kontrplakların bazı mekanik özellikleri, Doğu Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9, 95–111.
Çolak, G., (2024). Ahşap-plastik kompozitlerin endüstriyel üretim sürecine ilişkin yaşam döngüsü çevresel sürdürülebilirlik analizi, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bilecik, Türkiye.
DeCristoforo, R.J., (1988). The complete book of stationary power tool techniques. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. Two Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 388p
Gaff, M., Vokaty, V., Babiak, M., and Bal. B.C., (2016). Coefficient of wood bendability as a function of selected factors, Construction and Building Materials, 126 (2016), 630-640, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.085
Rammer, D. R., (2010). Fastenings,wood handbook: wood as an engineering material, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190, Madison, WI (ss. 1–2).
TS 2478, (1976). Odunun statik eğilmede elastiklik modülünün tayini. türk standartları enstitüsü, Ankara.
URL-1, (2020). George III period satinwood work table, 1stDIBS, http://www.onlinegalleries.com/art-and-antiques (last access: 19.02.2020)
Yıldırım, M. N, Karaman, A., and Akınay, A., (2016). Finite element method application of wooden furniture, International conference on research in education science, 19 - 22 Mayıs 2016, ss.1258-1270, Muğla/Türkiye,




PUBLICATION ETHICS and PUBLICATION MALPRACTICE STATEMENT

The publication process at Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal is the basis of the objective and respectful improvement and dissemination of information. Therefore, the procedures in this process improve the quality of the studies. Peer-reviewed studies support and materialize the scientific method. At this point, all parties included in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, reviewers, and editors) must comply with the standards of ethical considerations. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal expects all parties to hold the following ethical responsibilities.
The following ethical duties, responsibilities, and best practices are based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guide and policies.

ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF EDITORS

Editors of the Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal are accountable for everything published. This means the editors should
• strive to meet the needs of readers and authors.
• strive to improve their journal constantly;
• have processes in place to ensure the quality of the material they publish;
• champion freedom of expression;
• maintain the integrity of the academic record;
• preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards;
• be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.

CODE OF CONDUCT AND BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR JOURNAL EDITORS
Best practice for editors would include
• actively seeking the views of authors, readers, reviewers, and editorial board members about ways of improving their journal’s processes
• encouraging and being aware of research into peer review and publishing and reassessing their journal’s processes in the light of new findings
• working to persuade their publisher to provide appropriate resources and guidance from experts (e.g. designers, lawyers)
• supporting initiatives designed to reduce research and publication misconduct
• supporting initiatives to educate researchers about publication ethics
• assessing the effects of their journal policies on author and reviewer behavior and revising policies, as required, to encourage responsible behavior and discourage misconduct
• ensuring that any press releases issued by their journal reflect the message of the reported article and put it into context

RELATIONS WITH AUTHORS
• Editors’ decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication should be based on the paper’s importance,
• originality, clarity, and the study’s validity and relevance to the journal's remit.
• Editors should not reverse decisions to accept submissions unless serious problems are identified with the submission.
• New editors should not overturn decisions to publish submissions made by the previous editor unless serious problems are identified.
• A description of peer review processes should be published, and editors should be ready to justify any important deviation from the described processes.
• Journals should have a declared mechanism for authors to appeal against editorial decisions.
• Editors should publish guidance to authors on everything that is expected of them. This guidance should be regularly updated and should refer or link to this code.
• Editors should guide criteria for authorship and/or who should be listed as a contributor following the standards within the relevant field.

ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF AUTHORS
• The submitted manuscript should not be submitted to multiple journals for simultaneous consideration.
• The submitted work should be original and not have been published elsewhere in any form or language unless the new work concerns expanding previous work.
• Results should be presented clearly and honestly without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.
• No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own. Proper acknowledgments to other works must be given; quotation marks are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions must be secured for copyrighted material.
• The submitting corresponding author is responsible for ensuring all the other coauthors approve the manuscript article's publication.
• All authors have agreed to allow the corresponding author to serve as the correspondent with the editorial office to review the edited manuscript and proof.
• Plagiarism in any form constitutes a serious violation of publication ethics and is unacceptable. The journal has a strict policy against plagiarism and misconduct.
• All submitted manuscripts are checked for plagiarism using professional plagiarism-checking software (iThenticate).
• When necessary, articles will be retracted according to COPE retraction guidelines.

ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF REVIEWERS
• Reviewers assist the editorial board in making editorial decisions. Reviews should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments so that authors can use them to improve the paper.
• Reviewers should not consider manuscripts with conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.
• Reporting possible research misconduct.
• Suggest alternative reviewers if they cannot review the manuscript for any reason.
• Treating the manuscript as a confidential document.
• Ensuring that the manuscript is of high quality and original research.
• Reviewers should identify relevant published work that the authors have not cited. The relevant citation should accompany references to the ideas of others.
• The reviewer should not force Authors to cite the reviewer's published articles.

THE ETHICS APPROVAL(S)
All original research papers involving humans, animals, plants, biological material, protected or non-public datasets, collections, or sites must include a written statement under an Ethics Approval section, including the following:
• The name of the ethics committee(s) or institutional review board(s) involved.
• The number or ID of the ethics approval(s).
• A statement that human participants have provided informed consent before participating in the research.
• Research involving animals must adhere to ethical standards concerning animal welfare. All original research papers involving animals must:
• Follow international, national, and institutional guidelines for the humane treatment of animals.

• Editors of the Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal are accountable for everything published in the journal. This means the editors should
strive to meet the needs of readers and authors.
• strive to improve their journal constantly;
• have processes in place to ensure the quality of the material they publish;
• champion freedom of expression;
• maintain the integrity of the academic record;
• preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards;
• be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.

Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted paper will not be used by the editor or the editorial board members for research purposes without the author's explicit written consent.

Fundamental errors in published works
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, the author must notify the journal editor or publisher promptly and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper in the form of an erratum.


PUBLICATION POLICY

1. Copyright Transfer principles: All authors must sign the form. It is mandatory to have the signature of the corresponding author on the form. In case the signatures of the other author/authors cannot be reached due to inaccessibility, the correspondence author accepts the responsibility of the related author/authors. The submitted article must not be published elsewhere or under review in any journal for publication. All authors mentioned in the article have seen and approved the submitted article. The journal is not responsible for problems such as the order of names that may occur between authors. The article has been prepared in accordance with the spelling rules specified by the journal. As the author(s) of the article, we accept that we have waived the article's copyright, transferred this right to the Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, and authorized Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal to publish the article. Article author(s) accept that all texts, figures, graphics, photographs, and charts given in the article belong to the authors of the article and that any information received from other researchers is made by citing the source within the framework of ethical rules, and that the author(s) of the article is responsible for any issue that constitutes an ethical crime.

2. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal has agreed to comply with the COPE Code of Conduct provisions for Journal Editors. All journal-related activities are to be carried out according to these rules.

3. The journal publishes two annual issues and does not publish special issues or additional issues.

4. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal is an international, peer-reviewed, and open-access journal that does not charge an article processing fee, evaluation fee, printing fee, or any other fee for articles.

6. Personal information such as names, e-mail addresses, and telephone numbers entered in the management system of Furniture and Wood Materials Research Journal will only be used for the scientific purposes of this journal, in accordance with the Privacy Statement.

7. All articles published in Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal are archived and stored in pdf format through TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM, Life Sciences Database.

8. Furniture and Wooden Materials Research Journal does not accept advertisements.

9. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal evaluates with a double-blind peer review process.

10. The articles sent to the Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal are first evaluated by the editor-in-chief. Articles not suitable for the scope of the journal are rejected at this stage.

11. If the articles suit the journal's scope, a referee review is started if there is no significant deficiency. The refereeing invitation period is 1 week, and the referee evaluation period is 2 weeks. The authors are given a minimum of 1 week and a maximum of 4 weeks to make the necessary corrections to the article in line with the opinions of the referees. A minimum of 1 day and a maximum of 7 days is given for the final control phase.

12. If the articles sent to the Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal have passed the preliminary evaluation stage and have been sent to the referees, they cannot withdraw the article.

13. Each article sent to the journal is reviewed by two referees. If both referees give a positive opinion, the article is accepted. If both referees agree on the negative opinion, the article is rejected. If one of the referees gives a positive opinion and the other a negative opinion, the opinion of a third referee is sought. A decision is made about the articles sent to the journal at the end of three months at the latest.
14. The articles sent to the journal are examined with the iThenticate program for plagiarism.



Dergi hiç bir işlem için ücret talep etmemektedir.

Baş editör

Ahşap İşleme, Ahşap Yapılar ve Konstrüksiyonları, Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği, Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği

Editör Kurulu Üyeleri

Kutahya dumlupinar university, Wood products industrial engineering
Mühendislik, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, Ahşap İşleme, Ahşap Yapılar ve Konstrüksiyonları, Orman Biyokütlesi ve Biyoürünleri, Orman Entomolojisi ve Orman Koruma
Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer), Malzeme Bilimi ve Teknolojileri
Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer), Ahşap Yapılar ve Konstrüksiyonları, Orman Biyokütlesi ve Biyoürünleri, Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler
Ahşap İşleme, Ahşap Yapılar ve Konstrüksiyonları, Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği, Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler
Ahşap Yapılar ve Konstrüksiyonları, Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği, Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler

I am a senior researcher at Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch.

Ahşap Yapılar ve Konstrüksiyonları, Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği, Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler
Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer), Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği, Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler
Ahşap İşleme, Odun Koruma Teknolojisi
Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği, Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler

Dil Editörü

İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü

Uluslararası Dergidir

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