Kenar bantlama işlemlerinde proses parametreleri ve malzeme türlerinin TVOC ve formaldehit emisyonları üzerindeki etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kenar bantlama sürecinde oluşan toplam uçucu organik bileşikler (TVOC) ve formaldehit (HCHO) emisyonları üzerinde proses parametreleri (sıcaklık, mesafe, havalandırma), proses durumu (boşta çalışma ve aktif kenar bantlama) ve malzeme parametrelerinin (bant ve yapıştırıcı çeşidi) etkileri iki aşamalı deneysel tasarım yaklaşımı ile incelenmiştir. TVOC ve HCHO konsantrasyonları taşınabilir bir gaz dedektörü (PCE-VOC 1, PCE Instruments, Almanya) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. İlk aşamada proses parametrelerinin, ikinci aşamada ise sabit proses koşulları altında malzeme parametrelerinin etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Duncan çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, sıcaklık, mesafe ve proses durumunun TVOC ve HCHO emisyonları üzerinde anlamlı etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,05). En yüksek HCHO konsantrasyonu 205 °C’de 0,120 mg/m³ olarak belirlenmiş, ölçüm mesafesinin artmasıyla her iki emisyon türünde de azalma gözlenmiştir. Havalandırma TVOC emisyonlarını azaltırken HCHO üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstermemiştir. Buna karşılık bant türü ve EVA esaslı yapıştırıcılar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Bulgular, emisyon oluşumunun esas olarak proses parametreleri tarafından kontrol edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kenar bantlama
• TVOC
• formaldehit
• iç hava kalitesi
• EVA yapıştırıcı

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir dış finansal destek almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma insan veya hayvan denekleri içermemektedir. Bu nedenle etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Teşekkür

Yazar, laboratuvar imkânlarının sağlanmasından dolayı Batman Üniversitesi’ne teşekkür eder.

Effects of process parameters and material types on TVOC and formaldehyde emissions in edge banding operations

Öz

This study investigated the effects of process parameters (temperature, distance, ventilation), process condition (idle and active edge banding) and material parameters (edge band and adhesive type) on total volatile organic compound (TVOC) and formaldehyde (HCHO) emissions generated during the edge banding process using a two-stage experimental design approach. TVOC and HCHO concentrations were measured using a portable gas detector (PCE-VOC1, PCE Instruments, Germany). In the first stage, the effects of process parameters were evaluated, while in the second stage, material parameters were assessed under fixed process conditions. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple comparison test. The results showed that temperature, distance, and process condition significantly affected both TVOC and HCHO emissions (p<0.05). The highest HCHO concentration was determined as 0.120 mg/m³ at 205 °C, and increasing measurement distance resulted in lower emission levels for both pollutants. Ventilation significantly reduced TVOC emissions but had no significant effect on HCHO emissions. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between edge band types and EVA-based adhesives. The findings indicate that emission formation is primarily governed by process parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Edge banding
• TVOC
• formaldehyde
• indoor air quality
• EVA adhesive

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no external funding.

Etik Beyan

This study does not involve human or animal subjects. Therefore, ethical approval is not required.

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank Batman University for providing laboratory facilities.

Kaynakça

1. Adamová, T., Hradecký, J., and Pánek, M., (2020), Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood and wood-based panels: methods for evaluation, potential health risks, and mitigation, Polymers, 12(10), 2289, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102289
2. Bajagain, R., Kim, P. G., Kwon, J. H., and Hong, Y., (2025), The release of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from polyvinyl chloride consumer products under simulated solar light: Implications for indoor air quality, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 485, 136846, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136846
3. Frihart, C. R., Chaffee, T. L., and Wescott, J. M., (2020), Long-term formaldehyde emission potential from UF- and NAF-bonded particleboards, Polymers, 12(8), 1852, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081852
4. He, Z., Zhang, Y., and Wei, W., (2012), Formaldehyde and VOC emissions at different manufacturing stages of wood-based panels, Building and Environment, 47, 197–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.07.023
5. Kim, S., (2009), The reduction of indoor air pollutant from wood-based composite by adding pozzolan for building materials. Construction and Building Materials, 23(6), 2319–2323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.11.008
6. Jiang, C., Li, D., Zhang, P., Li, J., Wang, J., and Yu, J., (2017), Formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from particleboard: Identification of odorous compounds and effects of heat treatment, Building and Environment, 117, 118–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.004 Meyer, B., Hermanns, K., and Smith, D. C., (1985), Formaldehyde release from urea-formaldehyde bonded wood products, The Journal of Adhesion, 17(4), 297–308, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218468508081166
7. Nazaroff, W. W., and Weschler, C. J., (2004), Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants, Atmospheric Environment, 38(18), 2841–2865, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.040
8. Nielsen, G. D., Larsen, S. T., and Wolkoff, P., (2013), Recent trend in risk assessment of formaldehyde exposures from indoor air, Archives of Toxicology, 87(1), 73–98, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0975-3

9. Noguchi, M., and Yamasaki, A., (2020), Volatile and semivolatile organic compound emissions from polymers used in commercial products during thermal degradation, Heliyon, 6(3), 03314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03314
10. Protano, C., Buomprisco, G., Cammalleri, V., Pocino, R. N., Marotta, D., Simonazzi, S., Cardoni, F., Petyx, M., Iavicoli, S., and Vitali, M., (2022), The carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde occupational exposure: a systematic review, Cancers, 14(1), 165, https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010165
11. Roffael, E., (2006), Volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde in nature, wood and wood-based panels, Holz Roh Werkst, 64, 144–149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0061-0
12. Salthammer, T., Mentese, S., and Marutzky, R., (2010), Formaldehyde in the indoor environment, Chemical Reviews, 110(4), 2536–2572, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr800399g
13. Seppanen, O., and Fisk, W. J., (2001), Association of ventilation system type with SBS symptoms in office workers, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fw9g6jx
14. TS EN 326-1, (1999), Wood-based panels — Sampling, cutting and inspection, Part 1: Selection, cutting and presentation of test results from test pieces, Turkish Standards Institution (TSE), Ankara, Türkiye.
15. Wang, Y., Wang, H., Tan, Y., Liu, J., Wang, K., Ji, W., Sun, L., Yu, X., Zhao, J., Xu, B., and Xiong, J., (2021), Measurement of the key parameters of VOC emissions from wooden furniture, and the impact of temperature, Atmospheric Environment, 259, 118510, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118510
16. Zhang, X., Wang, H., Xu, B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Yang, T., Tan, Y., Xiong, J., and Liu, X., (2022), Predicting the emissions of VOCs/SVOCs in source and sink materials: Development of analytical model and determination of the key parameters, Environment International, 160, 107064, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.107064
17. Zhu, Y., Guo, S., and Liang, W., (2024), A literature review investigating the impact of temperature and humidity on volatile organic compound emissions from building materials, Building and Environment, 262, 111845, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv. 2024.111845