Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Nuruddin Farah’ın Haritalar, Hanif Kureishi’nin Varoşların Budası, Orhan Pamuk’un Kar Romanlarında Ötekileştirme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 1 - 14, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.47155/mamusbbd.741906

Öz

Dünya Düzeni İkinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra büyük ölçüde değişmiştir. Gizemli ve karmaşık gibi görünen bu yeni dünyada, neredeyse tüm küresel, ulusal ve bölgesel gerilimler grup temelli eşitsizlik ile bağlantılıdır. "Ötekileştirme" konusu yirminci yüzyılın önemli bir meselesidir. Ötekileştirme, dini çekişme, askeri çatışma ve hatta yoksulluk gibi birçok iç çatışmayı da güçlendirmiştir. Grup ideolojileri bu çatışmaların her birinde kilit bir rol oynamaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, her grubun kendi ilkeleri vardır. Grup, bu ilkelere uymayan ve kendi dışında olan kişileri dışlar. Sadece din ya da etnik köken değil aynı zamanda, kültürel, coğrafi ve politik geçmiş ve problemlerle birlikte yeniden canlandırılabilen çoklu kimlikler de grup temelli sorunları açıklar. "Ötekileştirme", grup kimlikleri temelinde merkezi bir noktada yer alır. Ötekileştirme aynı zamanda grup temelli ayrımcılık ve marjinalliği ilerleten ortak süreç ve koşulların da temel ilkesidir.
Ötekileştirme birçok temele dayanmaktadır. Örneğin, etnik grup, ırk, cinsiyet ve din yoluyla ötekileştirme, ötekileştirmenin en yaygın biçimleridir. Bu çalışmada öteki kavramı üç roman üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Her biri farklı tipte bir ötekileştirme sürecini tanımlayan bu romanlar 'öteki' sorununu ele alır ve bu soruna neden olan süreçlere değinir.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso.
  • Beauvoir, S. de. (1953). The second sex. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Blumer, H. (1958). Race, prejudice as a sense of group position. The Pacific Sociological Review, 1(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388607
  • Bhabha, H.K. (2011). Our neighbours, ourselves contemporary reflections on survival. De Gruyter.
  • Bhabha, H.K. (1997). The location of culture. Routledge.
  • Farah, N. (2012). Maps. Arcade Publishing.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The wretched of the earth. Grove Press.
  • Foucault, M., Rabinow, P., & Hurley, R. (1997). Essential works of Foucault, 1954-1984. subjectivity and truth. New York: New Press.
  • Holliday, A., Hyde, M., & Kullman, J. (2004). Intercultural communication: An advanced resource book. New York University Press.
  • Irrigaray, L., & Guynn, N. (1995). The Question of the other. Yale French Studies, 24(87), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2930321
  • Kumaravadivelu, B. (2008). Cultural globalization and language education. New Haven
  • Kureishi, H. (2009). The buddha of suburbia. Faber.
  • Kureishi, H. (1991). My Beautiful Laundrette and the rainbow sign. Boston: Faber and Faber.
  • Marx, K. (1959). Economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844. Economica, 26 (104), 379. https://doi.org/10.2307/2550890.
  • Nelson, T. (2014). Critical topics in family therapy: AFTA monograph series highlights. Springer Cham.
  • Pamuk, O. (2016). Kar. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Perry, M., Berg, M.P., & Krukones, J.H. (2011). Sources of European history since1900. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • Phelan, P. (2017). Unmarked: The politics of performance. Routledge.
  • Smith, C., Contini, R. M., & Veloria, C. N. (2019). Social justice education in european multi-ethnic schools: Addressing the goals of intercultural education.
  • Said, E.W. (2003). Orientalism. Vintage Books.
  • TV Interview for Granada World in Action. (Jan 27, 1978). https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103485

Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 1 - 14, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.47155/mamusbbd.741906

Öz

The world order has changed drastically after the Second World War. In this new world that seems to be mysterious and confusing, almost all global, national, and regional tensions are linked with group-based disparities. “Otherization” has become an important problem of the twentieth century, caused by the conflicts such as religious strife, military conflict, and poverty. Group ideologies play a key role in each of these conflicts. Each group has its own set of principles and excludes people who do not comply with them. However, difference of religion or ethnicity cannot be the reason alone in explaining such disputes; multiple identities revived under circumstances of cultural, geographical, and political backgrounds and problems should also be considered. Otherization takes place at a central point based on group identities and it is also the fundamental principle of common processes and conditions that advance group-based discrimination and marginality. Otherization is built upon many foundations such as ethnic group, race, gender, and religion. In this study, the concept of the “other” will be discussed in three novels. These novels, each describing a different type of otherization process, address the problem of the “other” and touch upon the processes that caused this problem.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso.
  • Beauvoir, S. de. (1953). The second sex. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Blumer, H. (1958). Race, prejudice as a sense of group position. The Pacific Sociological Review, 1(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388607
  • Bhabha, H.K. (2011). Our neighbours, ourselves contemporary reflections on survival. De Gruyter.
  • Bhabha, H.K. (1997). The location of culture. Routledge.
  • Farah, N. (2012). Maps. Arcade Publishing.
  • Fanon, F. (1963). The wretched of the earth. Grove Press.
  • Foucault, M., Rabinow, P., & Hurley, R. (1997). Essential works of Foucault, 1954-1984. subjectivity and truth. New York: New Press.
  • Holliday, A., Hyde, M., & Kullman, J. (2004). Intercultural communication: An advanced resource book. New York University Press.
  • Irrigaray, L., & Guynn, N. (1995). The Question of the other. Yale French Studies, 24(87), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2930321
  • Kumaravadivelu, B. (2008). Cultural globalization and language education. New Haven
  • Kureishi, H. (2009). The buddha of suburbia. Faber.
  • Kureishi, H. (1991). My Beautiful Laundrette and the rainbow sign. Boston: Faber and Faber.
  • Marx, K. (1959). Economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844. Economica, 26 (104), 379. https://doi.org/10.2307/2550890.
  • Nelson, T. (2014). Critical topics in family therapy: AFTA monograph series highlights. Springer Cham.
  • Pamuk, O. (2016). Kar. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Perry, M., Berg, M.P., & Krukones, J.H. (2011). Sources of European history since1900. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • Phelan, P. (2017). Unmarked: The politics of performance. Routledge.
  • Smith, C., Contini, R. M., & Veloria, C. N. (2019). Social justice education in european multi-ethnic schools: Addressing the goals of intercultural education.
  • Said, E.W. (2003). Orientalism. Vintage Books.
  • TV Interview for Granada World in Action. (Jan 27, 1978). https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103485
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçen Kara 0000-0002-6048-3644

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kara, G. (2020). Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk. Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47155/mamusbbd.741906
AMA Kara G. Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk. MM-USOBEBİD. Aralık 2020;3(2):1-14. doi:10.47155/mamusbbd.741906
Chicago Kara, Gökçen. “Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk”. Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47155/mamusbbd.741906.
EndNote Kara G (01 Aralık 2020) Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk. Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 3 2 1–14.
IEEE G. Kara, “Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk”, MM-USOBEBİD, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 1–14, 2020, doi: 10.47155/mamusbbd.741906.
ISNAD Kara, Gökçen. “Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk”. Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 3/2 (Aralık 2020), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47155/mamusbbd.741906.
JAMA Kara G. Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk. MM-USOBEBİD. 2020;3:1–14.
MLA Kara, Gökçen. “Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk”. Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 1-14, doi:10.47155/mamusbbd.741906.
Vancouver Kara G. Otherization in the Novels Maps by Nurudin Farah, The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi and Snow by Orhan Pamuk. MM-USOBEBİD. 2020;3(2):1-14.

  2862315149  15151 1515028624