Assessment of the Antimicrobial and Anti-MRSA Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Some Natural Mushrooms

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of Hydnum repandum, Tricholoma fracticum and Russula emetica mushrooms against some standard pathogenic microorganisms and anti-MRSA activity against clinically originated Methycilline Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity. Ethanol extract of H. repandum had antimicrobial activity against standard microorganisms at doses of 0.02 – 3.12 mg/ml, the highest activity was found against Gram positive Bacillus cereus strain with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 0.02 mg/ml. It was also found to have antifungal activity against Candida albicans with a MIC value of 1.56 mg/ml. It was determined that the ethanol extract of H. repandum showed anti-MRSA activity against all clinically sourced MRSA strains at doses ranging from 0.39 to 3.12 mg/ml. The highest antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Tricholoma fracticum was similarly determined against B. cereus at a dose of 0.39 mg/ml, while it was observed to have low activity against some of the other strains studied. It was also found that this species did not have antifungal activity. It was seen that it had weak anti-MRSA activity only against four MRSA strains. It was determined that the ethanol extract of Russula emetica had only a weak effect against Salmonella enteritidis at a dose of 3.12 mg/ml, and a moderate effect against B. cereus at a dose of 0.39 mg/ml. It was found that it did not have any antimicrobial activity against other standard strains and C. albicans. It was also seen that it did not have anti-MRSA activity against clinically sourced MRSA strains. It was concluded that the ethanol extract of H. repandum had higher antimicrobial activity against standard pathogenic microorganisms and clinically sourced MRSA strains compared to other species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimicrobial
• Anti-MRSA activity
• Mushroom
• Staphylococcus aureus

Bazı Doğal Mantarların Etanol Ekstraktlarının Anti-MRSA ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hydnum repandum, Tricholoma fracticum ve Russula emetica mantarlarının etanol ekstraktlarının bazı standart patojen mikroorganizmalara antimikrobiyal ve klinik kaynaklı Metisilin Dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suşlarına karşı anti-MRSA aktivitesinin belirlenmesidir. Antimikrobiyal aktiviteyi belirlemek için sıvı mikrodilüsyon metodu kullanılmıştır. Hydnum repandum’un etanol ekstraktı standart mikroorganizmalar üzerine 0.02 – 3.12 mg/ ml dozlarında antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu, en yüksek aktivitenin 0.02 mg/ml Minimum İnhibisyon Konsantrasyonu (MİK) değeriyle Gram pozitif Bacillus cereus suşuna karşı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Candida albicans’a karşı belirlenen 1.56 mg/ml MİK değeriyle antifungal bir aktiviteye sahip olduğu da saptanmıştır. H. repandum’un etanol ekstraktının denenen klinik kaynaklı MRSA suşlarının hepsine 0.39 – 3.12 mg/ml arasında değişen dozlarda anti- MRSA aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Tricholoma fracticum’un etanol ekstraktının en yüksek antibakteriyal aktivitesinin benzer şekilde 0.39 mg/ml dozla B. cereus suşuna karşı tespit edilmiş olup çalışılan diğer suşların bazılarına düşük bir aktiviteye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bu türün ayrıca antifungal bir aktiviteye sahip olmadığı saptanmıştır. Sadece dört MRSA suşuna karşı da zayıf bir anti-MRSA aktivitesine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Russula emetica’nın etanol ekstraktının ise sadece Salmonella enteritidis’e 3.12 mg/ml dozunda zayıf bir etki, B. cereus’a 0.39 mg/ml dozunda ise orta derecede bir etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Çalışılan diğer standart suşlara ve C. albicans’a karşı da herhangi bir antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışılan klinik kaynaklı MRSA suşlarının üzerine anti-MRSA aktivitesinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Diğer türlerle kıyaslandığında H. repandum’un etanol ekstraktının standart patojen mikroorganizmalara ve klinik kaynaklı MRSA suşlarına karşı daha yüksek oranda antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimikrobiyal
• Anti-MRSA akivite
• Mantar
• Staphylococcus aureus

Kaynakça

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