Mushroom Industry in the World and Türkiye and Sustainability

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 49 - 65, 30.12.2024

Aysun Pekşen , Erkan Eren

https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1581406

Öz

The current status of the mushroom sector in the world and Türkiye and sustainability issues to ensure the sustainability of growth in the sector were discussed in the study. To reveal the current status of the mushroom sector, surveys conducted with small, medium and large-scale mushroom enterprises in Türkiye and secondary data obtained from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute) were used. China provides 94% of the global mushroom and truffle production, which reached 48.33 million tons in 2022. China is the world leader in mushroom production, consumption and export with the 45.43 million tons of mushroom and truffle production. Mushroom production is increasing rapidly in China, India, Russia and Türkiye, respectively. Mushroom production is increasing without slowing down, primarily in China, followed by India, Russia, and Türkiye, respectively. In Türkiye, there has been a significant increase in mushroom production in the last two decades and mushroom production has increased to 85000 tons according to the data of 2023. As of 2023, the annual mushroom consumption per capita in Türkiye is about 996 g. This amount is quite lower than the present consumption of 3 kg per capita in Europe which is also considered the current target amount to reach in Türkiye. The increase in mushroom consumption habits, the health benefits of mushrooms and their acceptance as functional foods have significantly increased consumer demands both in the world and in Türkiye. This situation shows that investments to be made in the mushroom sector, especially in Türkiye, will tend to increase rapidly in the next 20 years. Mushroom cultivation is of critical importance for food security, economic development and environmentally friendly agriculture. The rapid growth in the mushroom sector has also brought about an increase in the problems encountered in the production process. In addition to the technical problems that arise in the mushroom production process, the problems of the growing sector that need to be solved by the official authorities are also increasing. The article focuses on the sustainability of mushroom cultivation, innovative solutions focused on sustainability in eliminating the problems and also touches on the issues of evaluating mushrooms in different areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spent mushroom substrate, mushroom production, Mycelium-based materials, Sustainability, Consumption

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Mantar Sektörü ve Sürdürülebilirlik

Öz

Bu çalışmada dünyada ve Türkiye’deki mantar sektörünün güncel durumu ve sektördeki büyümenin devamlılığını sağlamak için sürdürülebilirlik konuları üzerinde durulmuştur. Mantar sektörünün mevcut durumunu ortaya koymak için Türkiye’deki küçük, orta ve büyük ölçekli mantar işletmeleriyle yapılan anketlerden ve TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) ile FAO (Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü)’ya ait ikincil verilerden yararlanılmıştır. 2022 yılında 48.33 milyon tona ulaşan küresel mantar ve trüf üretiminin %94’ünü Çin sağlamaktadır. Çin, 45.43 milyon ton mantar ve trüf üretimi ile mantar üretimi, tüketimi ve ihracatında dünya lideri konumundadır. Ülkeler arasında başta Çin olmak üzere sırasıyla Hindistan, Rusya ve Türkiye’de mantar üretimi hız kesmeden artmaktadır. Türkiye’de, son 20 yılda mantar üretiminde belirgin bir artış meydana gelmiş ve 2023 yılı verilerine göre mantar üretimi 85000 tona yükselmiştir. Türkiye’de 2023 yılı itibari ile kişi başına düşen yıllık mantar tüketim miktarı yaklaşık 996 g’dır. Bu miktar, Avrupa’da halihazırda kişi başına 3 kg olan ve Türkiye’de de şu anda ulaşılması hedeflenen tüketim miktarının çok altındadır. Kültür mantarı tüketim alışkanlıklarının artması, mantarların sağlık bakımından yararları ve işlevsel gıda olarak kabul edilmesi hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de tüketici taleplerini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Bu durum, özellikle Türkiye’de mantar sektörüne yapılacak yatırımların önümüzdeki 20 yıl içerisinde hızla artma eğiliminde olacağını göstermektedir. Mantar yetiştiriciliği, gıda güvenliği, ekonomik kalkınma ve çevre dostu tarım için kritik öneme sahiptir. Kültür mantarı sektöründeki hızlı büyüme, üretim sürecinde karşılaşılan problemlerin artışını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Mantar üretim sürecinde ortaya çıkan teknik problemlerin yanında, büyüyen sektörün resmi makamlar tarafından çözülmesi gereken sorunları da giderek artmaktadır. Makalede mantar yetiştiriciliğinin sürdürülebilirliği, sorunların giderilmesinde sürdürülebilirlik odaklı yenilikçi çözümler üzerinde durulmuş ve mantarların farklı alanlarda değerlendirilmesi konularına da değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atık mantar substratı, Mantar üretimi, Misel bazlı materyaller, Sürdürülebilirlik, Tüketim

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

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