16. Yüzyıl Reform Hareketi Sırasında Yahudi-Hıristiyan Polemiği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 447 - 470, 30.12.2024

Hatice Keleş

https://doi.org/10.47425/marifetname.vi.1548655

Öz

16. yüzyılda Martin Luther’in başlattığı Reform Hareketi, Hıristiyanları olduğu kadar Yahudileri de etkilemiştir. Çünkü reform ile daha hoşgörülü bir ortamın oluşacağı beklenmiştir. Ancak Yahudi ve Hıristiyanlar arasındaki düşmanlık, reform ile daha da gün yüzüne çıkmıştır. Çünkü yüzyıllardır Hıristiyanların, Yahudileri Hıristiyanlaştırma çabaları başarılı olmadığı gibi reform ile Yahudiler üzerinde sert tedbirlerin alınması amaçlanmıştır. Yahudilerin Hıristiyan inançları ile alay ettikleri ve hakaret ettikleri kitaplar tekrar tekrar gündeme getirilmiştir. İsa Mesih’e, Meryem’e ve havarilere ve Hıristiyan inançlarına yönelik hakaret içeren kitapların gerçekten var olduğu kanıtlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu eserlerin en ünlüleri de Toldot Yeshu ve Nizzahon’dur. Bu kitaplar hem Yahudi-Hıristiyan polemiklerini arttırmış hem de Yahudi düşmanlığını pekiştirmiştir. Yahudilikten Hıristiyanlığa geçen kimselerin Yahudi karşıtı davranışları da aradaki polemikleri daha da arttırmıştır. Reformun getirdiği karmaşa, Yahudilerin Mesih'in yakın zamanda geleceğine dair söylemlerin artmasına sebep olmuştur. Hıristiyanlar ise Yahudilerin bu beklentisi ile alay etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Reform hareketiyle Hıristiyanların yaşadığı bölünme sırasında, Yahudiler ve Hıristiyanlar arasında geçen polemikler ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyanlar, Yahudiler, Reform, Polemik.

Jewish-Christian Polemics During the 16th Century Reformation

Öz

The Reformation movement initiated by Martin Luther in the 16th century influenced Jews as well as Christians. Because it was expected that a more tolerant environment would emerge with the reform. However, the hostility between Jews and Christians became more apparent with the Reformation. Because the efforts of Christians to Christianize the Jews for centuries were not successful, and the Reformation aimed to take harsh measures against the Jews. Books in which Jews mock and insult Christian beliefs have been brought to the agenda again and again. It has been tried to prove that there are books that contain insults towards Jesus Christ, Mary, the apostles and Christian beliefs. The most famous of these works are Toldot Yeshu and Nizzahon. These books both increased Jewish-Christian polemics and reinforced anti-Semitism. The anti-Jewish behavior of those who converted from Judaism to Christianity also increased the polemics. The chaos brought by the Reformation caused an increase in Jewish talk about the imminent arrival of the Messiah. Christians, on the other hand, ridiculed this expectation of the Jews. This study examines the polemics between Jews and Christians during the division between the Reformation and Christians.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Christians, Jews, Reformation, Polemic.

Kaynakça

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