Nijerya'nın Benin şehrindeki bir taşkın tutma gölünün su kalitesi ve plankton biyoçeşitliliği

Öz

Birçok şehir ve bölgede artan sel riski, sel kontrol sistemlerine sel tutma göllerinin dahil edilmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. İnsan yapımı su kütleleri önemli ekolojik faydalar sağlayabilir. Bir sel tutma gölünün su kalitesi ve plankton topluluğu, kuru ve ıslak mevsimlerde iki istasyon kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Toplam on su kalitesi değişkeni ile fitoplankton ve zooplankton çeşitliliği, standart analitik ve tanımlama teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Gölün tür zenginliği ve trofik durumu da değerlendirilmiştir. Su sıcaklığı (24,00-28,00°C), pH (6,10-7,20), elektriksel iletkenlik (221,00-560,00 µS/cm), toplam çözünmüş katı madde (113,00 - 279,00 mg/L), bulanıklık (0,30-2,50 NTU), çözünmüş oksijen (1,80-3,80 mg/L), biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (1,50-4,40 mg/L), fosfat (0,04-0,09 mg/L) ve nitrat (0,08-0,29 mg/L) gibi su kalitesi parametrelerinin aralığı sunulmuştur. Çözünmüş oksijen ve biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı değerleri limitlere uymamış, istasyon 2 ve kuru mevsimde ise daha yüksek değerler kaydedilmiştir. Toplam 50 fitoplankton türü (1696 birey) ve 35 zooplankton türü (980 birey) kaydedilmiştir. Fitoplankton için Shannon-Weiner ve çeşitlilik indeksi 3,484 ile 3,750 arasında, zooplankton için ise 3,056 ile 3,360 arasında değişmiştir. Margalef indeksi fitoplankton için 5,159 ile 7,314 arasında, zooplankton için ise 4,014 ile 5,541 arasında dalgalanmıştır. Eşitlik indeksi ise fitoplankton için 0,8296 ile 0,9057 arasında, zooplankton için ise 0,7815 ile 0,8224 arasında değişmiştir. Nygaard indeksleri Myxophycean (0,72), Chlorococcales (1,84), Diatoms (0,14), Euglenophycean (0,32) ve Compound Quotient (4,09) iken, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda (RCC) indeksi %39,09 olmuştur. Bazı kirliliğe dayanıklı türlerin varlığı, gölün ötrofik duruma doğru eğilim gösterdiğinin bir göstergesiydi. Gölün genel durumu, tasarımı ve insan faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanıyor olabilir. Sonuç olarak, göl hala plankton ve balıkçılık gelişimini desteklemek için uygundur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plankton
• Taşkın Kontrolü
• Çeşitlilik
• Endeksler
• Besleyici

Water quality and plankton biodiversity of a flood retention lake in Benin City, Nigeria

Abstract

Increased risk of flooding in many cities and regions has necessitated the inclusion of flood retention lakes in flood control systems. Man-made water bodies can provide significant ecological benefits. The water quality and plankton assemblage of a flood retention lake was assessed using two stations in dry and wet seasons. A total of ten water quality variables and phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity were examined using standard analytical and identification techniques. The lake’s richness and trophic status was also evaluated. The range of water quality parameters such as water temperature (24.00-28.00C), pH (6.10-7.20), electrical conductivity (221.00-560.00 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (113.00 - 279.00 mg/L), turbidity (0.30-2.50 NTU), dissolved oxygen (1.80-3.80 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (1.50-4.40 mg/L), phosphate (0.04-0.09 mg/L) and nitrate (0.08-0.29 mg/L) were presented. Dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand values did not conform to limits while station 2 and dry season had higher values. A total of 50 phytoplankton species comprising 1696 individuals and zooplankton with 35 species comprising 980 individuals were recorded. Shannon-Weiner and diversity index was varied from 3.484 to 3.750 for phytoplankton and from 3.056 to 3.360 for zooplankton. Margalef index fluctuated between 5.159 and 7.314 for phytoplankton and between 4.014 and 5.541 for zooplankton whereas Evenness index ranged from 0.8296 to 0.9057 for phytoplankton and from 0.7815 to 0.8224 for zooplankton. Nygaard indices were Myxophycean (0.72), Chlorococcales (1.84), Diatoms (0.14), Euglenophycean (0.32) and Compound Quotient (4.09) while Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda (RCC) index was 39.09%. The presence of some pollution tolerant species was an indication that the lake was tending towards eutrophic condition. The general condition of the lake could be due its design and anthropogenic activities. In conclusion, the lake is still suitable to support plankton and fishery development.

Keywords

• Plankton
• Benin City
• Diversity indices
• Flood retention Lake
• Trophic structure
• Water quality

Kaynakça

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