Gökçeada (Kuzey Ege Denizi) Sığ Sularında Barbun (Mullus barbatus)'nın Büyüme, Günlük Yaş ve Yumurtadan Çıkma Frekansları

Öz

Barbun, Mullus barbatus'un erken yaşam tarihi, büyüme oranları ve yumurtadan çıkış dinamiklerinin beslenme habitatlarında anlaşılması, etkili balıkçılık yönetimi için gereklidir. Gökçeada (Kuzey Ege Denizi)'ndan Temmuz-Kasım 2013 tarihleri arasında toplanan 60 juvenil bireyin otolit günlük yaş okumalarından yararlanılarak, günlük yaş yapısı, bireysel büyüme oranları ve yumurtadan çıkış paterni belirlenmiştir. Otolit halka analizi, 71 ile 200 gün arasında değişen yaşları ve 4,7 ile 13,2 cm arasında vücut boylarını ortaya koymuştur. Büyüme, en iyi lineer model ile tanımlanmıştır (ortalama günlük büyüme oranı: 0,64 mm·gün⁻¹, R² = 0,87). Tahmin edilen yumurtadan çıkış tarihleri, ilkbaharda (Mart-Nisan) belirgin bir yoğunlaşma göstermiş ve bu durum senkronize üremenin ve beslenme habitatlarında hızlı juvenil büyümenin göstergesi olmuştur. Burada geliştirilen yaş-boy anahtarı, arazide basit boy ölçümlerinden yaş yapısının tahmin edilmesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu bulgular, Akdeniz'de M. barbatus için yayınlanmış üreme ve büyüme oranları ile uyumludur ve yerel stokların gelecekteki izlenmesi ve yönetimi için sağlam bir temel sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mullus barbatus
• otolit mikroyapısı
• günlük yaş
• günlük büyüme
• yumurtadan çıkma frekansı
• beslenme alanı
• Ege Denizi

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından desteklenmiştir (proje no.: 112Y062).

Proje Numarası

This study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project no.: 112Y062).

Etik Beyan

Deney hayvanlarının bakımı ve kullanımı, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu tarafından 2012/01-08 sayılı karar ile onaylanan hayvan refahı yasaları, yönergeleri ve politikalarına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Growth, Daily Age, and Hatching Phenology of Red Mullet, Mullus barbatus in the Shallow Nursery Grounds of Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea)

Öz

Understanding early life history, growth dynamics and hatching phenology of the red mullet, Mullus barbatus in nursery habitats is essential for effective fisheries management. Using otolith daily age readings of 60 juveniles collected between July and November 2013 from Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea), daily age structure, individual growth rates, and hatching pattern have been determined. Otolith increment analysis revealed ages ranging from 71 to 200 days, with body lengths from 4.7 to 13.2 cm. Growth was best described by linear model (mean daily growth rate: 0.64 mm·day⁻¹, R² = 0.87). Estimated hatching dates, showed a clear spring concentration (March–April), indicating synchronized spawning and rapid juvenile growth in nursery habitats. The age–length key developed here enables estimation of age structure from simple length measurements in the field. These findings align with published phenology and growth rates for M. barbatus in the Mediterranean and provide a robust baseline for future monitoring and management of local stocks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mullus barbatus
• otolith microstructure
• daily age
• early growth
• hatching phenology
• nursery area
• Aegean Sea

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project no.: 112Y062).

Proje Numarası

This study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project no.: 112Y062).

Etik Beyan

The care and use of experimental animals complied with Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee animal welfare laws, guidelines and policies as approved by 2012/01-08.

Kaynakça

1. Anderson, J. T. (1988). A review of size dependent survival during pre-recruit stages of fishes in relation to recruitment. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 8, 55-66. https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v8.a6
2. Ayyildiz, H., & Altin, A. (2018). Age and growth rates at the early life stages of common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) based on analysis of otolith microstructure. Fishery Bulletin, 116(2), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.7755/FB.116.2.7
3. Ayyıldız, H., & Altın, A. (2020). Hatching time and early growth of Diplodus sargus sargus inhabiting a coastal area of Gökçeada Island, Turkey. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 36(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-019-00185-9
4. Ayyildiz, H., Ozen, O., & Altin, A. (2014). Growth, mortality and hatch-date distributions of striped sea bream Lithognathus mormyrus inhabiting the Çanakkale Strait, Turkey. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94(3), 607-613. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001768
5. Beamish, R. J., & Fournier, D. A. (1981). A method for comparing the precision of a set of age determinations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(8), 982-983. https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-132
6. Beck, M. W., Heck, K. L., Able, K. W., Childers, D. L., Eggleston, D. B., Gillanders, B. M., Halpern, B., Hays, C. G., Hoshino, K., Minello, T. J., Orth, R. J., Sheridan, P. F., & Weinstein, M. P. (2001). The identification, conservation, and management of estuarine and marine nurseries for fish and invertebrates. BioScience, 51(8), 633-641. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0633:TICAMO]2.0.CO;2
7. Campana, S. E. (2001). Accuracy, precision and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods. Journal of Fish Biology, 59(2), 197-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00127.x
8. Campana, S. E., & Jones, C. M. (1992). Analysis of otolith microstructure data. In D. K. Stevenson & S. E. Campana (Eds.), Otolith microstructure examination and analysis (pp. 73-100). Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 117.

9. Campana, S. E., & Neilson, J. D. (1985). Microstructure of fish otoliths. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(5), 1014-1032. https://doi.org/10.1139/f85-127
10. Campana, S. E., & Thorrold, S. R. (2001). Otoliths, increments, and elements: Keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-177
11. Chang, W. Y. B. (1982). A statistical method for evaluating the reproducibility of age determination. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(8), 1208-1210. https://doi.org/10.1139/f82-158
12. Cushing, D. H. (1982). Climate and fisheries. Academic Press.
13. Cushing, D. H. (1990). Plankton production and year-class strength in fish populations: An update of the match/mismatch hypothesis. Advances in Marine Biology, 26, 249-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60202-3
14. Hjort, J. (1914). Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe viewed in the light of biological research. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 20, 1-228.
15. Houde, E. D. (1987). Fish early life dynamics and recruitment variability. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 2, 17-29.
16. Houde, E. D. (1989). Comparative growth, mortality, and energetics of marine fish larvae: Temperature and implied latitudinal effects. Fishery Bulletin, 87(3), 471-495.
17. Houde, E. D. (2008). Emerging from Hjort's shadow. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 41, 53-70. https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v41.m634
18. Jennings, S., & Kaiser, M. J. (1998). The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 34, 201-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60212-6
19. Kimura, D. K. (1977). Statistical assessment of the age-length key. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34(3), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1139/f77-048
20. Le Cren, E. D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 20(2), 201-219. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540
21. Pannella, G. (1971). Fish otoliths: Daily growth layers and periodical patterns. Science, 173(3002), 1124-1127. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.173.3002.1124
22. Secor, D. H., Dean, J. M., & Laban, E. H. (1991). Manual for otolith removal and preparation for microstructural examination. Electric Power Research Institute and the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, Technical Publication 1991-01.
23. Sogard, S. M. (1997). Size-selective mortality in the juvenile stage of teleost fishes: A review. Bulletin of Marine Science, 60(3), 1129-1157.
24. Wootton, R. J. (1990). Ecology of teleost fishes. Chapman and Hall. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0829-1
25. Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical analysis (4th ed.). Prentice Hall.