Evaluation of the effects of pandemic (COVID-19) on the world fishery sector with SWOT analysis approach

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 35 - 45, 30.06.2022

Hüseyin Barış Kaya , Mehmet Fatih Can

https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1072565

Cited By: 2

Abstract

In this study, the effects of the pandemic, which started to affect the world to 2019-December, on the world aquaculture sector were evaluated with SWOT analysis (opportunities, benefits, and threats). Previous studies on this subject were scanned using certain keywords (COVID-19, pandemic, coronavirus, fishing, fisheries), and a total of 33 studies were listed. Previous studies were classified according to the sub-areas (continents) determined by FAO. The effects of the pandemic on the sector were tried to be determined according to the continents. Accordingly, the threats on a global scale were supply-demand imbalances, closure of restaurants, storage inadequacies, plastic pollution, closure of borders, illegal fishing, inequalities in the sector, and curfew restrictions. The opportunities; creation of new supply chains, raising awareness about the seafood that positive effect on health, establishing a supply-demand balance, granting work permits to fishermen during curfews, allocation of funds to be used in extraordinary situations such as pandemics, development of aquaculture, implementation of measures for the continuity of import-export, providing economic aid packages to vulnerable sector workers such as small scale fisheries, limiting the sexist understanding in the sector, and giving more opportunities to women, and cooperation with riparian countries to prevention of illegal fishing. Its benefits are listed as prevention of overfishing in the short term, protection of fish stocks, reduction of industrial pollution in the aquatic ecosystem, adoption of an ecosystem-based fishing approach in small settlements, and an increase in recreational fishing. As a result of this analysis, it has been understood that we may create accurate and fair international cooperation to solve the adverse effects of pandemia. With this gained experience, it is thought that new production strategies should be developed for trustable food supply chains in the changing world.

Keywords

pandemic, Covid-19, fisheries, SWOT analysis

Pandemi (COVID-19)'nin dünya su ürünleri sektörü üzerine etkilerinin SWOT analizi yaklaşımı ile değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 2019-Aralık itibariyle dünyayı etkisi altına almaya başlayan pandeminin dünya su ürünleri sektörüne etkileri SWOT analizi (fırsatlar, faydalar ve tehditler) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu konuda daha önce yapılan çalışmalar belirli anahtar kelimeler (COVID-19, pandemic, coronavirus, fishing, fisheries) kullanılarak taranmış ve toplam 33 çalışma listelenmiştir. Daha önceki çalışmalar FAO tarafından belirlenen alt alanlara (kıtalara) göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Pandeminin sektör üzerindeki etkileri kıtalara göre belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna göre küresel ölçekteki tehditlerin; arz-talep dengesizlikleri, restoranların kapanması, depolama yetersizlikleri, plastik kirliliği, sınırların kapanması, yasadışı balıkçılık, sektördeki eşitsizlikler ve sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları olduğu tespit edildi. Fırsatların; yeni tedarik zincirlerinin oluşturulması, sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkisi olan su ürünleri konusunda farkındalığın artırılması, arz-talep dengesinin oluşturulması, balıkçılara sokağa çıkma kısıtlamalarında çalışma izni verilmesi, pandemi gibi olağanüstü durumlarda kullanılmak üzere kaynak tahsisi, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin geliştirilmesi, ithalat-ihracatın sürekliliği için tedbir alınması, küçük çaplı balıkçılık gibi hassas sektör çalışanlarına ekonomik yardım paketlerinin sağlanması, sektördeki cinsiyetçi anlayışın sınırlandırılarak kadınlara daha fazla fırsat verilmesi ve yasadışı balıkçılığın önlenmesi için kıyı ülkeleri ile iş birliği yapılması olduğu belirlendi. Faydaların ise; kısa vadede aşırı avlanmanın önlenmesi, balık stoklarının korunması, su ekosisteminde endüstriyel kirliliğin azaltılması, küçük yerleşim yerlerinde ekosistem temelli balıkçılık yaklaşımının benimsenmesi ve rekreasyonel balıkçılığın artması olduğu tespit edildi. Bu analiz sonucunda pandeminin olumsuz etkilerini çözmek için doğru ve adil uluslararası iş birlikleri oluşturabileceğimiz anlaşılmıştır. Kazanılan bu tecrübe ile değişen dünyada güvenilir gıda tedarik zincirleri için yeni üretim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

pandemi, COVID-19, su ürünleri, SWOT analizi

References

• Alliouche, F. & Arab, A. (2021). Overview on the situation of the fishing and aquaculture sector in Algeria during the coronavirus pandemic. International Journal of Aquatic Science, 12(2): 1683-1691.
• Avtar, R., Singh, D., Umarhadi, D. A., Yunus, A. P., Misra, P., Desai, P. N., Kouser, A., Kurniawan, T. A. & Phanindra, K. B. V. N. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the fisheries sector: a case study from three harbors in Western India. Remote Sensing, 13: 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020183
• Azra, M.N. (2020). COVID-19 Risks to Malaysian food security assurance. International Journal of Current Research and Review, 12: 1-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2020.12178
• Can, M. F. & Demirci, A. (2012). Fisheries management in Turkey. International Journal of Aquaculture, 2(8): 48-58.
• Can, M. F., Şimşek, E., Demirci, A., Demirci, S. & Akar, Ö. (2020). The evaluation of the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the export of fishery commodities of Turkey. Marine and Life Sciences, 2(1): 18-27.
• Chanrachkij, I., Laongmanee, P., Lanmeen, J., Suasi, T., Sornkliang, J., Tiaye, R., Yasook, N., Putsa, S. & Chumchuen, S. V. (2020). Severity of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on small-scale fisheries of Thailand: a preliminary assessment. Fish for the People, 18(2): 43-47.
• Aura, C. M., Nyamweya, C. S., Odoli, C. O., Owiti, H., Njiru, J. M., Otuo, P. W., Waithaka, E. & Malala, J. (2020). Consequences of calamities and their management: The case of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on inland capture fisheries in Kenya. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 46(6): 1767-1775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.09.007
• Coban, B. & Karakaya, Y. E. (2010). Geleceği planlamada stratejik yönetim ve Swot analizi: Kavramsal yaklaşımlar. Social Sciences, 5(4): 342-352.
• Coll M, Ortega-Cerdà M, Mascarell-Rocher Y. (2021). Ecological and economic effects of COVID-19 in marine fisheries from the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Biological Conservation, 255: 108997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108997
• Demirci, A. , Can, M. F. & Akar, Ö. (2019). Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesinde yer alan su ürünleri üretim tesislerinin kapasite analizi. Marine and Life Sciences, 1(1): 32-38.
• Demirci, A., Şimşek, E., Can, M. F., Akar, Ö. & Demirci, S. (2020). Has the pandemic (COVID-19) affected the fishery sector in regional scale? A case study on the fishery sector in Hatay province from Turkey. Marine and Life Sciences, 2(1): 13-17.
• FAO, ((2021). Fisheries and aquaculture statistics. Retrieved on November 1, 2021 from https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics.
• Ferrer, A. J. G., Pomeroy, R., Akester, M. J., Muawanah, U. M. I., Chumchuen, W., Lee, W. C., Hai, P. G. & Viswanathan, K. K. (2021). COVID-19 and small-scale fisheries in Southeast Asia: impacts and responses. Asian Fisheries Science, 34(2021): 99-113. https://doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2021.34.1.011
• Fiorella, K. J., Bageant, E. R., Mojica, L., Obuya, J. A., Ochieng, J., Olela, P., Otuo, P. W., Onyango, H. O., Aura, C. M. & Okronipa, H. (2021). Small-scale fishing households facing COVID-19: The case of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Fisheries Research, 237: 105856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105856
• Genç, E., Kaya, D., Atalay, M. A. & Kanyılmaz, M. (2020). Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Fisheries and Aquaculture Industry: A Mini Review. Türkiye Biyoetik Dergisi, 7(3): 162-167. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjob.2020.06025
• Greenville, J., McGilvray, H., Cao, L. Y. & Fell, J. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on Australian agriculture, forestry and fisheries trade. Canberra, 27 pp.
• Grillo-Núnez, J., Mendo, T., Gozzer-Wuest, R. & Mendo, J. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on the value chain of the hake small scale fishery in northern Peru. Marine Policy, 134: 104808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104808
• Haas, B., Davis, R., Campbell, B. & Hanich, Q. (2021). Regional fisheries management: COVID-19 calendars and decision making. Marine Policy, 128: 104474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104474
• Haddad, M.B., De-la-Torre, G.E., Abelouah, M.R., Hajji, S., Alla, A. A. (2021). Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution associated with the COVID-19 pandemic along the coastline of Agadir, Morocco. Science of the Total Environment, 798: 149282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149282
• Heazle, M. (2021). Assessing COVID-19’s “known unknowns”: potential impacts on marine plastic pollution and fishing in the South China Sea. Maritime Studies, 20: 459-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00237-y
• Howarth, A., Jeanson, A. L., Abrams, A. E. I., Beaudoin, C., Mistry, I., Berberi, A. & Cooke, S. J. (2020). COVID-19 restrictions and recreational fisheries in Ontario, Canada: preliminary insights from an online angler survey. Fisheries Research, 240: 105961. https://doi.org/10.32942/osf.io/87qh9
• Islam, M. M., Khan, M. I. & Barman, A. (2021). Impact of novel coronavirus pandemic on aquaculture and fisheries in developing countries and sustainable recovery plans: Case of Bangladesh. Marine Policy, 131: 104611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104611
• Ivanova, I. G. (2020). Problems and measures to support the Russian fishing industry in the conditions distribution of COVID-19. Актуальные проблемы освоения биологических ресурсов Мирового океана (pp. 136-138).
• Jlassi, A., Mahjoub, S. & Crespi, V. (2020). Preliminary analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the fishery and aquaculture sectors in Tunisia. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter, (62): 34-36.
• Kemp, PS., Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2020). COVID-19 provides an opportunity to advance a sustainable UK fisheries policy in a post-Brexit brave new World. Marine Policy, 120: 104114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104114
• Kinda, R. S., Zidouemba, P. R. & Ouedraogo, I. M. (2020). How could the Covid-19 pandemic impact the economy of Burkina Faso. Economics Bulletin, 40(3): 2034-2046.
• Mangubhai, S., Nand, Y., Reddy, C. & Jagadish, A. (2021). Politics of vulnerability: Impacts of COVID-19 and Cyclone Harold on Indo-Fijians engaged in small-scale fisheries. Environmental Science & Policy, 120: 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.03.003
• Mardhia, D., Kautsari, N., Syaputra, L. I., Ramdhani, W. & Rasiardhi, C. O. (2020). Penerapan protokol kesehatan dan dampak Covid-19 terhadap harga komoditas perikanan dan aktivitas penangkapan. Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1(2): 80-87.
• Mobsby, D., Steven, A. H., Curtotti, R. & Dylewski, M. (2021). Australian fisheries and aquaculture: Outlook to 2025–26. ABARES research report, Canberra, March. https://doi.org/10.25814/vrza-aa56
• Nyiawung, R., Ayilu, R. K., Suh, N. N., Ngwang, N. N., Varnie, F. & Loring, P. A. (2021). COVID-19 and Small-scale fisheries in Africa: Impacts on livelihoods and the fish value chain in Cameroon and Liberia. EcoEvoRxiv Preprints. https://doi.org/10.32942/osf.io/5zvx2
• Okuduwor, A., Morris, R. & Ozigbu, J. (2021). Economic implications of COVID-19 lockdown on fish suppliers in Port Harcourt City, Rivers State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 5(3): 1-5.
• Okyere, I., Chuku, E. O., Ekumah, B., Angnuureng, D. B., Boakye-Appiah, J. K., Mills, D. J., Babanawo, R., Asare, N. K., Aheto, D. W. & Crawford, B. (2020). Physical distancing and risk of COVID-19 in small-scale fisheries: A remote sensing assessment in coastal Ghana. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79898-4
• Silva, M. R., Silva, A. B., Barbosa, J. C., Amaral, C., & Lopes, P. F. (2022). Empowering fisherwomen leaders helped reduce the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fishing communities: Insights from Brazil. Marine Policy, 135: 104842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104842
• Steenbergen, D. J., Neihapi, P. T., Koran, D., Sami, A., Malverus, V., Ephraim, R. & Andrew, N. (2020). COVID-19 restrictions amidst cyclones and volcanoes: A rapid assessment of early impacts on livelihoods and food security in coastal communities in Vanuatu. Marine Policy, 121: 104199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104199
• Şimşek, E. & Can, M. F. (2019). Ege bölgesi su ürünleri üretim tesislerinin analizi. V. International Congress on Natural and Health Sciences (ICNHS-2019) Adana, Turkey, Proceedings Book, 512-526.
• Tokatlı, C. (2022). Invisible face of COVID-19 pandemic on the freshwater environment: An impact assessment on the sediment quality of a cross boundary river basin in Turkey. International Journal of Sediment Research, 37(2): 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2021.09.003
• Truchet, D. M., Buzzi, N. S. & Noceti, M. B. (2021). A “new normality” for small-scale artisanal fishers? The case of unregulated fisheries during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahía Blanca estuary (SW Atlantic Ocean). Ocean & Coastal Management, 206, 105585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105585
• TÜİK, (2021). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. Retrieved on November 5, 2021 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2020-37252
• White, E. R., Froehlich, H. E., Gephart, J. A., Cottrell, R. S., Branch, T. A., Bejarano, R. A. & Baum, J. K. (2021). Early effects of COVID-19 interventions on US fisheries and seafood. Fish and Fisheries, 22(1): 232-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12525
• WHO, (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Retrieved on December 7, 2021 from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub
• WHO, (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard Situation by Region, Country, Territory & Area. Retrieved on December 7, 2021 from https://covid19.who.int/table