Throughout history, natural and man-made disasters have caused severe humanitarian crises, both worldwide and in Turkey. These disasters have necessitated extensive humanitarian aid as well as efficient and rapid logistics management. This article analyzes the role of maritime transportation in disaster management and humanitarian aid processes in Iskenderun Region, with a focus on the 6 February 2023 earthquakes in Turkey. Utilizing literature through reviews, surveys, and data analyses, the study examines the effectiveness of maritime transportation in disaster response activities. The results of the survey conducted with 161 participants indicate that maritime transport plays a critical role in disaster management processes. While the majority of participants expressed that maritime transport provides a rapid and effective response to disasters, some participants highlighted the need for infrastructure improvements to enhance the efficiency of these processes. These findings suggest that the current maritime transport infrastructure requires strengthening to improve its effectiveness in disaster management. Most of the participants highlighted the rapid and effective responses enabled by maritime transportation and humanitarian aid processes, but some emphasized the need to strengthen its infrastructure.
Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur / It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited.
Thanks
Bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasında destek olan danışman hocam Prof. Dr. Meltem Eken'e, eşime, aileme ve anketime katkı sağlayan herkese teşekkür ederim.
References
Akyel, R. (2007). Disaster management system: A research related to detection and resolution of the problems encountered in Turkish disaster management [M.Sc. thesis. Çukurova University]
Altay, N., Prasad, S., & Tata, J. (2013). A dynamic model for costing disaster mitigation policies. Disasters, 37(3), 357-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12004
Balcik, B., Beamon, B. M., Krejci, C. C., Muramatsu, K. M., & Ramirez, M. (2008). Coordination in humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges, and opportunities. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.09.008
Çatak, İ. (2021). Sea alternative proposal for effective disaster response in Turkey: Disaster ship. Journal of Maritime Transport and Logistics, 2(1), 1-16.
Çeber, K. (2005). The Financial side of disaster management [Ph.D. thesis. Süleyman Demirel University]
Coppola, D. P. (2011). Introduction to international disaster management. 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Dui, H., Zheng, X., & Wu, S. (2021). Resilience analysis of maritime transportation systems based on importance measures. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 209, 107461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107461
Islam, S., Goerlandt, F., Feng, X., Uddin, M. J., Shi, Y., & Hilliard, C. (2020). Improving disaster preparedness and response for coastal communities using AIS ship tracking data. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101863
Jahre, M., & Heigh, I. (2008). Does the current constraints in funding promote failure in humanitarian supply chains? Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 9(2), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2008.11517198
Kadıoğlu, M., & Özdamar, E. (2008). Afet Zararlarını Azaltmanın Temel İlkeleri. JICA Türkiye Ofisi, Yayın No: 2
Kovács, G., & Spens, K. M. (2007). Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 37(2), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030710734820
Kovács, G., & Spens, K. M. (2009). Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(6), 506-528. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030910985848
Kunz, N., & Reiner, G. (2016). Drivers of government restrictions on humanitarian supply chains: An exploratory study. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 6(3), 329-351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-04-2016-0009
Kunz, N., Reiner, G., & Gold, S. (2014). Investing in disaster management capabilities versus pre-positioning inventory: A new approach to disaster preparedness. International Journal of Production Economics, 157, 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.11.002
Lam, J. S. L., & Su, S. (2015). Disruption risks and mitigation strategies: an analysis of Asian ports. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(5), 415-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2015.1016560
Moshtari, M., & Gonçalves, P. (2012). Understanding the drivers and barriers of coordination among humanitarian organizations. 23rd annual conference of the production and operations management society, U. S. A., pp. 1-38.
Nikbakhsh, E., & Farahani, R. Z. (2011). Humanitarian logistics planning in disaster relief operations. In
Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., & Kardar, L. (Eds.), Logistics operations and management, (pp. 291-332). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385202-1.00015-3
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Van Wassenhove, L. N., & Besiou, M. (2013). Complex problems with multiple stakeholders: how to bridge the gap between reality and OR/MS?. Journal of Business Economics, 83, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-012-0643-3
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Wang, H., & Tanaka, K. (2016). Management of marine logistics in the case of emergency or disaster. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 9(3), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJASM.2016.079942
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Deniz Taşımacılığının Afet Yönetimi ve İnsani Yardım Süreçlerine Etkisi: İskenderun Bölgesi
Year 2024,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 64 - 77, 30.12.2024
Dünya genelinde ve Türkiye'de doğal ve insan kaynaklı afetler, tarih boyunca ciddi insani krizlere neden olmuştur. Bu afetler, geniş çaplı insani yardımlara ve etkili ve hızlı bir lojistik yönetimi gerektirmektedir. Deniz taşımacılığı, büyük hacimli malzemelerin hızlı ve ekonomik bir şekilde taşınmasını sağlayarak afet yönetimi süreçlerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu makale, İskenderun Bölgesi'nde deniz taşımacılığının afet yönetimi ve insani yardım süreçlerine katkılarını analiz etmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında literatür taraması, anket çalışmaları ve veri analizleri kullanılarak deniz taşımacılığının afetle mücadeledeki etkinliği detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Birçok afet türü incelenmiş ama daha çok asrın felaketi olarak adlandırılan Türkiye’yi derinden sarsan depremler ve bu depremlerde deniz yolunun kullanımı veya başka afetlerde deniz yolunun afet lojistiğine katkısı araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, deniz taşımacılığının afet yönetiminde stratejik bir unsur olduğunu ve altyapısının güçlendirilmesinin önemi ortaya koyulmuştur. Deniz köprüsü kavramı incelenmiş afet lojistiğinde kullanımı ve ilgili projeleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde deniz taşımacılığının afet yönetimi ve insani yardım süreçlerindeki önemini açıkça görülmüştür. Böylece, deniz taşımacılığının altyapısının güçlendirilmesi ve afet zamanlarında daha etkin kullanılması için stratejik planlamalar ve projeler yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, afet yönetimi politikalarının geliştirilmesi ve deniz taşımacılığı ile ilgili lojistik planlamaların daha fazla afet planlarında yer alması gerektiği önerilmektedir.
Akyel, R. (2007). Disaster management system: A research related to detection and resolution of the problems encountered in Turkish disaster management [M.Sc. thesis. Çukurova University]
Altay, N., Prasad, S., & Tata, J. (2013). A dynamic model for costing disaster mitigation policies. Disasters, 37(3), 357-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12004
Balcik, B., Beamon, B. M., Krejci, C. C., Muramatsu, K. M., & Ramirez, M. (2008). Coordination in humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges, and opportunities. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.09.008
Çatak, İ. (2021). Sea alternative proposal for effective disaster response in Turkey: Disaster ship. Journal of Maritime Transport and Logistics, 2(1), 1-16.
Çeber, K. (2005). The Financial side of disaster management [Ph.D. thesis. Süleyman Demirel University]
Coppola, D. P. (2011). Introduction to international disaster management. 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Dui, H., Zheng, X., & Wu, S. (2021). Resilience analysis of maritime transportation systems based on importance measures. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 209, 107461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107461
Islam, S., Goerlandt, F., Feng, X., Uddin, M. J., Shi, Y., & Hilliard, C. (2020). Improving disaster preparedness and response for coastal communities using AIS ship tracking data. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101863
Jahre, M., & Heigh, I. (2008). Does the current constraints in funding promote failure in humanitarian supply chains? Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 9(2), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2008.11517198
Kadıoğlu, M., & Özdamar, E. (2008). Afet Zararlarını Azaltmanın Temel İlkeleri. JICA Türkiye Ofisi, Yayın No: 2
Kovács, G., & Spens, K. M. (2007). Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 37(2), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030710734820
Kovács, G., & Spens, K. M. (2009). Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(6), 506-528. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030910985848
Kunz, N., & Reiner, G. (2016). Drivers of government restrictions on humanitarian supply chains: An exploratory study. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 6(3), 329-351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-04-2016-0009
Kunz, N., Reiner, G., & Gold, S. (2014). Investing in disaster management capabilities versus pre-positioning inventory: A new approach to disaster preparedness. International Journal of Production Economics, 157, 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.11.002
Lam, J. S. L., & Su, S. (2015). Disruption risks and mitigation strategies: an analysis of Asian ports. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(5), 415-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2015.1016560
Moshtari, M., & Gonçalves, P. (2012). Understanding the drivers and barriers of coordination among humanitarian organizations. 23rd annual conference of the production and operations management society, U. S. A., pp. 1-38.
Nikbakhsh, E., & Farahani, R. Z. (2011). Humanitarian logistics planning in disaster relief operations. In
Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., & Kardar, L. (Eds.), Logistics operations and management, (pp. 291-332). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385202-1.00015-3
Özkapıcı, D. B., Ertem, M. A., and Aygüneş, H. (2016). Intermodal humanitarian logistics model based on maritime transportation in Istanbul. Natural Hazards, 83(1), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2318-9
Rodrigue, J. P. (Ed.) (2014). The Geography of Transport Systems. 4th ed. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315618159
Skiba, S. (2023). Crisis Management in Seaports: A Literature Review on Maritime Transportation. Communications of International Proceedings, 2023(6), Article ID 4244123, https://doi.org/10.5171/2023.4244123
UNCTAD. (2021). Review of maritime transport 2021. United Nations. Review of Maritime Transport 2021
Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2006). Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 475-489. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602125
Van Wassenhove, L. N., & Besiou, M. (2013). Complex problems with multiple stakeholders: how to bridge the gap between reality and OR/MS?. Journal of Business Economics, 83, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-012-0643-3
Wan, C., Yang, Z., Zhang, D., Yan, X., & Fan, S. (2018). Resilience in transportation systems: a systematic review and future directions. Transport Reviews, 38(4), 479-498. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1383532
Wang, H., & Tanaka, K. (2016). Management of marine logistics in the case of emergency or disaster. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 9(3), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJASM.2016.079942
Warfield, C. (2008). The Disaster Management Cycle. Global Development Research Center.