Göçmen Havaleleri ve İnsan Güvenliği

Öz

Doğdukları ülkeden başka bir ülkede yaşayan insanların tahmin edilmekte olan sayısı geçtiğimiz elli yıl içerisinde artış göstermiştir. Dünya çapında göçmen sayısının artış göstermesi ile birlikte, göçmen hareketliğinin önemli sonuçlarından biri olarak kabul edilen uluslararası göçmen havalelerinin miktarı da zaman içerisinde yükseliş göstermiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınma ve refahını arttırmaya yönelik hükümet yardımları olarak tanımlanan resmi kalkınma yardımlarınn miktarını geçmiştir. Uluslararası göçmen havalelerinin artan miktarı ile uyumlu olarak bu havalelerin alıcı ülkelerdeki ekonomik kalkınma üzerine etkilerini inceleyen araştırma sayısında yakın zamanda bir yükseliş söz konusu olmuştur. Göçmen havalelerinin bu havaleleri kabul eden ülkelerdeki ekonomik kalkınma üzerine etkileri geniş çaplı bir şekilde çalışmalara konu olmuşken havalelerin alıcı ülkelerdeki insan güvenliği ile arasındaki ilişki yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Sözkonusu boşluğu doldurmak için bu çalışma, göçmen havaleleri ile insan güvenliği arasında var olan ilişkiyi teorik olarak tartışmakta ve ampirik olarak incelemektedir. Çalışmanın savına göre, uluslararası göçmen havaleleri, sosyo ekonomik ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaları ve kişisel güvenliklerini arttırmaları için havale alıcılarına fazladan gelir sağlayarak bu kişilerin yoksulluktan ve korkularından kurtulmalarını sağlamakta ve bu sayede alıcı ülkelerdeki insan güvenliğini arttırmaktadır. Küresel bir veri setine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen nicel analizin sonuçları, göçmen havalelerinin bu havalelerin alıcısı olan ülkelerdeki insan güvenliği üzerine iyileştirici etkisi olduğuna dair kanıtları göz önüne sermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göçmen Havaleleri
• İnsan Güvenliği
• Göç
• Alıcı Ülkeler
• Nicel Analiz

Migrant Remittances and Human Security

Öz

The estimated number of people who live in a country other than their country of birth has raised over the past five decades. With the rising number of migrants around the world, one of the significant implications of migrant movements, international remittances have increased over time and exceeded the level of official development aid described as government assistance dedicated to advance the economic development and prosperity of developing countries. Consistent with the rising level of international remittances, a proliferation of research examining the impact of remittances on development in remittance-recipient countries has occurred in recent years. While the effects of remittances upon development in recipient states have been broadly studied, the relationship between remittances and human security in remittance-recipient countries has been insufficiently investigated. In order to fill this gap, this study theoretically discusses and empirically examines the link between migrant remittances and human security. It argues that remittances enhance human security by providing remittance-recipients with extra income to meet their socioeconomic needs and increase their personal safety, which enable them to free from want and free from fear. The findings of quantitative analysis conducted based on a global data set show evidence that migrant remittances improve human security in remittance-recipient countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Remittances
• Human Security
• Migration
• Recipient Countries
• Quantitative Analysis

Kaynakça

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