Araştırma Makalesi

The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia

Cilt: 14 Sayı: Özel Sayı 25 Ağustos 2026
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The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia

Öz

This study examines how the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) functions as a hybrid geopolitical apparatus within Russia's soft power strategy, focusing exclusively on the Republic of Serbia. Historically, Russia's influence in the Balkans has shifted from traditional military means toward cultural and religious engagement, establishing the ROC as a critical soft power actor leveraging the "Russian World" ideology and Pan-Orthodox solidarity. The Church frames this effort by positioning Russia as an alternative civilization model based on traditional values, directly countering the perceived moral decline of Europe. Beyond its role as a vehicle for state interests, the article argues that the ROC also acts as a strategic partner pursuing its own ecclesiastical leadership. The article analyzes the evolution of church-state relations to frame the ROC's contemporary mission. The empirical analysis in Serbia reveals a multi-layered strategy designed to convert cultural ties into strategic advantage. First, the ROC exploits the structural constraint created by the NATO trauma (1999 bombing) to secure political support via UN Security Council veto support. Second, it provides the ideological foundation by aligning the Serbian Orthodox Church's canonical claims over Kosovo with Moscow’s broader strategic challenge to the Euro-Atlantic order. Finally, the strategy is executed through a hybrid apparatus involving non-state proxies, including oligarchic finance and nationalist paramilitary groups. Consequently, the ROC's activities in Serbia are not merely a religious matter but represent a sophisticated mechanism of religious statecraft. This strategy is of critical importance for Russia’s multidimensional goals, such as challenging the rules-based Western order and regaining a sphere of influence in Southeastern Europe.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Antonov, M. (2020) Church-State Symphonia: Its Historical Development and Its Applications by the ROC. Journal of Law and Religion 35(3), 477–479.
  2. Blechman, B. M. (2004) Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. Political Science Quarterly 119(4), 680–682.
  3. Blitt, R. C. (2024) Agent of Russian Interests Abroad: Assessing the Moscow Patriarchate’s Activity in the Balkans and Beyond. Gonzaga Journal of International Law 27(2), 57–122.
  4. Bovt, G., ed. (2017) Russkiy Mir. 10 Let. 2007–2017. Moskva: Fond Russkiy Mir.
  5. Bulekov, İgumen (Filaret) (2009) Otnoshenie Russkoy Tserkvi k voprosam natsionalnogo i gosudarstvennogo stroitelstva. Tserkov i Vremya 4(49), 29–43.
  6. CEAS Survey (2019) CEAS Survey: Serbian Citizens for Stronger Cooperation with Russia and China. https://atlanticcouncil.rs/en/2019/11/13/ceas-survey-serbian-citizens-for-stronger-cooperation- with-russia-and-china/ (Accessed: 29.09.2025).
  7. Cheresheva, M. (2016) Putin’s Bikers to Start Slavic Balkan Tour. Balkan Insight, June 22. https://balkaninsight. com/2016/06/22/russia-s-night-wolves-head-to-the-balkans-for-slavic-tour-06-21-2016/ (Accessed: 18.11.2025).
  8. Chumachenko, T. A. & Roslof, E. E. (2015) Church and State in Soviet Russia: Russian Orthodoxy from World War II to the Khrushchev Years. New York: Routledge.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Avrupa Çalışmaları, Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

25 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

4 Ekim 2025

Kabul Tarihi

14 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 14 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yiğit, A. (2026). The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(Özel Sayı), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1797002
AMA
1.Yiğit A. The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;14(Özel Sayı):1-19. doi:10.14782/marmarasbd.1797002
Chicago
Yiğit, Aslı. 2026. “The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 14 (Özel Sayı): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1797002.
EndNote
Yiğit A (01 Ağustos 2026) The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 14 Özel Sayı 1–19.
IEEE
[1]A. Yiğit, “The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia”, Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 14, sy Özel Sayı, ss. 1–19, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.14782/marmarasbd.1797002.
ISNAD
Yiğit, Aslı. “The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 14/Özel Sayı (01 Ağustos 2026): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1797002.
JAMA
1.Yiğit A. The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;14:1–19.
MLA
Yiğit, Aslı. “The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 14, sy Özel Sayı, Ağustos 2026, ss. 1-19, doi:10.14782/marmarasbd.1797002.
Vancouver
1.Aslı Yiğit. The Instrumentalization of Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) as a Soft Power Tool in Serbia. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 01 Ağustos 2026;14(Özel Sayı):1-19. doi:10.14782/marmarasbd.1797002