Türkiye’nin Balkanlar’daki Çok Sektörlü Bağlantısallık Gündemi

Öz

Bu makale, “bağlantısallık” kavramını çok boyutlu bir politika alanı olarak ele alır ve Türkiye’nin Balkanlarla ilişkilerini ulaşım, enerji ve dijital alanlarda “sert/yumuşak” ayrımıyla inceler. Makaleye göre Türkiye’nin yaklaşımı yalnızca altyapı yapmak ya da finanse etmekle sınırlı değildir. Türkiye aynı zamanda sınır aşan ağların işlemesi için anlaşmalar, koordinasyon mekanizmaları, ortak teknik standartlar, kurumlar arası iş birliği ve hareketliliği kolaylaştıran bağlantılar kullanır. Ulaşım alanında Türkiye, genel koridor söylemlerini somut Balkan bağlantılarıyla ilişkilendirir. Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan’la sınır kapasitesini artırmaya yönelik girişimler, demiryolu ve hava yolu bağlantıları ve Belgrad–Saraybosna otoyolunun bir bölümü bu duruma örnektir. Enerji alanında bağlantısallık hem teknik entegrasyon hem de hatların jeopolitiği üzerinden görülür. Türkiye’nin Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan üzerinden Avrupa elektrik sistemiyle senkron bağlantısı, TANAP–TAP hattı ve LNG erişimiyle kaynak çeşitlendirme imkânı, TurkStream ile bağımlılığın artma ihtimali ve BOTAŞ–Bulgargaz anlaşması bu çerçevede değerlendirilir. Dijital alanda ise Türkiye, e-devlet iş birliği gibi kapasite geliştiren araçları uydu kapasitesi ve Türkiye bağlantılı Karadeniz veri koridoru altyapısıyla birlikte kullanır. Resmî açıklamalar, anlaşmalar, politika belgeleri ve sektörel raporlara dayanan nitel analizle makale, Türkiye’nin bağlantısallığı nasıl tanımladığını, hangi araçları öne çıkardığını ve AB belirsizliği ile 2022 sonrası koridor siyasetinde Balkanlarla ilişkisini nasıl sürdürdüğünü açıklar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bağlantısallık
• türkiye
• balkanlar
• enerji
• dijital
• ulaşım

Türkiye’s Multi-Sector Connectivity Agenda in the Balkans

Öz

This article conceptualizes connectivity as a multi-dimensional policy agenda and examines Türkiye’s engagement with the Balkans in transport, energy, and digital sectors through the “hard/soft” distinction. It argues that Türkiye’s approach is not limited to building or financing infrastructure; it also relies on governance instruments—agreements, coordination mechanisms, interoperability standards, institutional cooperation, and mobility-enabling links—that make cross-border networks work in practice. In transport, Türkiye links broad corridor discourses to concrete Balkan-facing interfaces, including rail connections, air mobility, border-capacity initiatives with Bulgaria and Greece, and implementation on intra-regional routes such as the Belgrade–Sarajevo motorway section. In energy, connectivity appears as operational integration and corridor geopolitics, from synchronization with the Continental Europe electricity system through Bulgaria and Greece to gas routes that can diversify supply (TANAP–TAP and LNG access) or reinforce dependence (TurkStream), alongside governance layers such as the BOTAŞ–Bulgargaz arrangement. In digital connectivity, Türkiye combines capacity-building cooperation such as eGovernment with strategic assets such as satellites and Türkiye-linked Black Sea data-corridor infrastructure. Based on qualitative desk research and document analysis of official statements, agreements, policy documents, and sectoral reports, the article clarifies how Türkiye frames connectivity, prioritizes instruments, and sustains engagement amid EU uncertainty and post-2022 corridor politics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• türkiye
• balkans
• energy
• digital
• connectivity
• transport

Kaynakça

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