Güç Paylaşımı ve Asimetrik Özerklik: Güney Tirol Özerklik Modeli Işığında Kosova’daki SÇBB Çıkmazı

Öz

Bu makale, Kosova'daki Sırp Çoğunluklu Belediyeler Birliği (SÇBB) konusundaki inatçı çıkmazı analiz etmekte ve uygulanmasını engelleyen anayasal, yasal ve siyasi engelleri incelemektedir. Konsosiyasyonellik ve asimetrik özerklik teorilerini uygulayan çalışma, azınlık haklarını koruyan güç paylaşımı ve eşitsiz özerklik düzenlemelerinin ulusal egemenlik ve birlik ilkeleriyle nasıl bir arada var olabileceğini analiz etmektedir. Bu çerçevede, İtalyan Güney Tirol özerklik modeli, Kosova'daki potansiyel uygulanabilirliğini değerlendirmek için karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, anayasal analizi ayrıntılı vaka çalışmalarıyla bütünleştiren nitel, karşılaştırmalı bir metodoloji kullanmaktadır. Güney Tirol modeli genellikle başarılı bir konsosiyasyonel demokrasi, son derece etkili ve sürdürülebilir bir güç paylaşımı düzenlemesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu modeli Kosova vakasıyla karşılaştırarak, çalışma ilgili çerçeveleri ve özel istisnaları belirlemektedir. Makale, SÇBB'deki çıkmazın yalnızca yasal-anayasal belirsizliklerden kaynaklanmadığını, aynı zamanda devletin üniter karakterini zayıflatmadan azınlıkların entegrasyonunu sağlayabilecek tutarlı ve işlevsel bir güç paylaşımı çerçevesinin yokluğunu da yansıttığını savunmaktadır. Güney Tirol yaklaşımı doğrudan ihraç edilebilir olmasa da, siyasi anlaşma, hukuki kesinlik ve uluslararası destekle desteklenen farklılaştırılmış özyönetim çerçevelerinin çatışmaları nasıl başarıyla çözebileceğine dair önemli dersler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kosova
• Sırbistan
• Sırp Çoğunluklu Belediyeler Birliği (SÇBB)
• Güney Tirol Modeli
• Brüksel Anlaşması.

Power-Sharing and Asymmetrical Autonomy: The Case of Kosovo’s ASMM Deadlock in Light of the South Tyrol Autonomy Model

Öz

This paper analyzes the tenacious stalemate over the Association of Serb-Majority Municipalities (ASMM) in Kosovo, exploring the constitutional, legal, and political hurdles that hinder its implementation. Applying the theories of consociationalism and asymmetrical autonomy, the study analyzes how power-sharing and unequal self-rule arrangements that protect minority rights can coexist with the principles of national sovereignty and unity. In this framework, the Italian South Tyrol autonomy model serves as a comparative study to evaluate its potential applicability in Kosovo. This study employs a qualitative, comparative methodology that integrates constitutional analysis with detailed case studies. The South Tyrol model is often described as a successful consociational democracy, a highly effective and sustainable power-sharing arrangement. By contrasting this model with the Kosovo case, the study identifies corresponding frameworks and specific exceptions. The article argues that the ASMM deadlock is not solely the result of legal-constitutional ambiguities, but also reflects the absence of a coherent and functional power-sharing framework capable of ensuring minority integration without undermining the unitary character of the state. Although the South Tyrolean approach is not directly exportable, it offers significant lessons on how differentiated self-governance frameworks—backed by political agreement, legal certainty, and international support—can successfully resolve conflicts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kosovo
• Serbia
• Association of Serbian Majority Municipalities (ASMM)
• South Tyrol Model
• Brussels Agreement

Kaynakça

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