The Ottoman period and its reception in Modern Greek historiography

Öz

To study the reception of the Ottoman past, we should first begin by periodizing it. For the Greeks, the Ottoman period comprises several sub-periods whose characteristics depend on the mode, the method and the time of conquest, resulting in a multitude of trends in Greek historiography. The reception and interpretation of the Ottoman past in Greece, was affected by the trends of European historiography on the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, which evolved according to the notions comprising the “East” and “West” dipole. In 20th century, up to roughly 1974, the study and interpretation of the Ottoman past in Greek historiography relied on the use of Greek and Western sources, and in some cases in translated Balkan and Ottoman archival material drawn from the international bibliography. Economic history, influenced by the Annales School, opened up new perspectives for approaching and interpreting history. These developments in the reception and interpretation of history influence the historiographical approach of the Ottoman past. By the late 20th century, new approaches and a pluralism in the interpretation of the Ottoman period in the Greek historiography appeared. Today, studies of and research into the Ottoman period rely mainly on Ottoman and Turkish sources, and this has promoted a deeper understanding of the structures and institutions of the Ottoman and the modern Turkish state. Under these novel approaches, a much more multi-layered interpretation of the Ottoman period emerges. The pursuits of contemporary social history, the use of primary sources and original archival material, and the different methodological approaches have brought researchers closer to the Ottoman reality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ottoman period
• Modern Greek Historiography
• the Annales School

Osmanlı Dönemi ve Modern Yunan Tarihyazımında Algılanması

Öz

Osmanlı geçmişinin kabulünü incelemek için, önce onu periyodize ederek başlamalıyız. Yunanlılar için, Osmanlı dönemi, özellikleri, biçim, fetih ve zamana bağlı olan ve Yunan tarihçiliğinde çok sayıda eğilime neden olan birkaç alt dönemden oluşur. Yunanistan'da Osmanlı geçmişinin kabulü ve yorumu, “Doğu” ve “Batı” kutuplarını içeren kavramlara göre evrimleşen, 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nu inceleyen Avrupa tarihçiliğinin eğilimlerinden etkilenmiştir. 20. yüzyılda, kabaca 1974'e kadar, Osmanlı tarihinin Yunan tarih yazımında incelenmesi ve yorumlanması, Yunan ve Batı kaynaklarının kullanımına ve bazı durumlarda uluslararası bibliyografyadan çıkarılan tercüme edilmiş Balkan ve Osmanlı arşiv materyallerine dayanıyordu. Diktatörlüğün çöküşünden ve Yunanistan'daki demokrasinin restorasyonundan (1974) sonra, araştırmada yeni yaklaşımlar ve Osmanlı döneminin yorumlanmasına yeni bir bakış ortaya çıktı. Annales Okulu'ndan etkilenen ekonomik tarih, tarihe yaklaşmak ve yorumlamak için yeni perspektifler getirdi. Tarihin kabulü ve yorumlanmasındaki bu gelişmeler, Osmanlı geçmişinin tarihsel yaklaşımını etkilemektedir. Temalar, artık Osmanlı bağlamında kabul edilen ekonomik ve sosyal mekanizmalar aracılığıyla incelenmektedir.. 20. yy sonlarında, Yunan tarih yazımında Osmanlı döneminin yorumlanmasında yeni yaklaşımlar ve çoğulculuk ortaya çıkmıştır. Günümüzde Osmanlı dönemi ile ilgili çalışmalar ve araştırmalar ağırlıklı olarak Osmanlı ve Türk kaynaklarına dayanmaktadır ve bu, Osmanlı ve modern Türk devletinin yapı ve kurumlarını anlamaya yönelik bir derinlik getirmiştir. Toplum çalışmasıyla, kültürel tarih ve günlük yaşamın incelenmesine önem verilmektedir. Bu yeni yaklaşımlar altında, Osmanlı döneminin çok katmanlı bir yorumu daha ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çağdaş sosyal tarihe yönelik arayışlar, birincil kaynakların ve orijinal arşiv materyallerinin kullanımı ve farklı metodolojik yaklaşımlar, araştırmacıları Osmanlı gerçekliğine daha da yaklaştırmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Osmanlı Dönemi
• Modern Yunan Tarihyazımı
• Annales Okulu

Kaynakça

1. Amantos Konstantinos, ‘‘Ī anagnōrisis ypo tōn Mōamethanōn thrīskeftikōn kai politikōn dikaiōmatōn tōn Christianōn kai o orismos tou Sinan Pasha’’ Īpeirotika Chronika, 5 (1930), pp. 197-210.
2. Amantos Konstantinos ‘‘Ī anagnōrisis ypo tōn Mōamethanon thrīskeftikōn kai politikōn dikaiōmatōn tōn Christianōn kai o orismos toy Sinan Paşa’’[‘’Ottoman conference of religious and political rights to Christians and the appointment of Sinan Pasha’’], Īpeirotika Chronika, 5 (1930), pp. 197-210.
3. Αsdrachas Spyros, Mīchanismoi tīs agrotikis istorias stīn tourkokratia (15os-17os aiōnas) [Mechanisms of Rural History in the Ottoman Period (15th-17th centuries)] Athens, 1978.
4. Αsdrachas Spyros, (ed.) Oikonomikī domī tōn Valkanikōn chōrōn (15os-19os aionas) [Economic Structure of the Balkan countries (15th-19th Century)], introduction by Spyros Asdrachas, Athens, 1979.
5. Asdrachas Spyros, ‘‘Nīsiōtikes koinotītes: forologikes leitourgies’’, [‘‘Island Communities:Taxation Functions’’] Ta Istorika 8 (1988) pp.229-258; EftychiaLiata, Ī Serifos kata tīn Tourkokratia (17os-19os ai.)[Seriphos during the Ottoman Period, (17th-19th cent.)],(Athens, 1987).
6. Αsdrachas Spyros, Ellīnikī koinōnia kai oikonomia 18os kai 19os ai. (Ypotheseis kai proseggiseis) [Greek society and economy in the 18th and 19th centuries. (Suppositions and approaches)] Athens, 1988, pp. 79-145.
7. Αsdrachas Spyros, Ellīnikī oikonomikī istoria, 15os-19os aiōnas [Greek Economic History, 15th-19th century], Athens, 2003.
8. Αsdrachas Spyros, ‘’Apo tīn anafora sto oikonomikο pros mia oikonomikī istoria ton kataktīmenōn’’ in : Paschalis Kitromilides, Triantafyllos Sklavenitis (eds.), Istoriografia tīs neōterīs kai sygchronīs Elladas 1833-2002, [Historiography of Modern and contemporary Greece 1833-2002], Athens, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Section of Neohellenic Research, Athens, 2004, Vol. 1.pp. 333-342.

9. Aymard Maurice, ‘’Impact of the Annales School in Mediterranean Countries’’ Review, 1.3/4 (Winter/Spring 1978).
10. Balta Evangelia, L’Eubée à la fin du XVe siècle. Économie et Population. Les registres de l’année 1474, Athènes 1989.
11. Balta Evangelia, ‘‘Archives Ottomanes en Grèce. Perspectives de la recherche’’, in Problèmes et approches de l’histoire ottomane. Un itinéraire scientifique de Kayseri à Eğriboz, idem, Analecta Isisiana XXVIII, Istanbul, 1997, pp. 259-275.
12. Balta Evangelia, ‘Landed Property of the Monasteries on Athos Peninsula and its Taxation in 1764’, in Peuple et Production. Pour une interprétation des sources ottomanes. Analecta Isisiana XLI, Istanbul, 1999, pp. 179-207.
13. Balta Evangelia, Ottoman Studies and Archives in Greece, Analecta Isisiana LXX, Istanbul, 2003.
14. Balta Evangelia, “Oi othomanikes spoudes sti neoelliniki istoriographia [Ottoman Studies in Modern Greek Historiography],” in: Paschalis Kitromilides, Triantafyllos Sklavenitis (eds.), Istoriografia tīs neōterīs kai sygchronīs Elladas 1833-2002, [Historiography of Modern and contemporary Greece 1833-2002] National Hellenic Research Foundation, Section of Neohellenic Research, Athens, 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 259-271.
15. Balta Evangelia, ‘Turkish Archival material in Greek historiography’, in Turkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, Vol. 8, No. 15, 2010, pp. 755-792.
16. Braudel Fernand, ‘Les Empires –Destins Collectifs et mouvements d’ensemble’ in La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II, Paris, 1996, Vol.2, pp. 10-19.
17. Braudel Fernand, La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II, Paris, 2 Vols., 1996.
18. Braudel Fernand -Labrousse Ernest, Histoire Economique et Sociale de la France, Vols.3, Paris, 1993.
19. Ioannis Chasiotis, Metaxy othōmanikīs kyriarchias kai europaikīs proklīsīs. O ellīnikos kosmos sta chronia tīs Tourkokratias, [Between Ottoman rule and European challenge. The Greek world in the years of Ottoman rule], Thessaloniki, 2001.
20. Dertilis Georgios, Ī Istoriografia tou neōterou Ellīnismou sīmera [The historiography of modern Hellenism today], Athens, 1987.
21. Dimaras Konstantinos, Ellīnikos Romantismos [Greek Romanticism], Athens, 1982.
22. Dimaras Konstantinos, Neoellīnikos Diafōtismos [Modern Greek Enlightenment], Athens, 1989.
23. Dimitriadis Vassilis, ‘‘Forologikes katīgories tōn chōriōn tīs Thessalonikīs kata tīn tourkokratia’’, [‘’Taxation Categories of the Villages of Thessaloniki in the Ottoman Period’’] Makedonika, 20 (1980), pp. 375-462.
24. Dimitriadis Vassilis, ‘‘O kanunnâme kai oi christianoi katoikoi tīs Thessalonikīs, gyrō sta 1525’’, [‘’The Kanunnâme and the Christian inhabitants of Thessaloniki, c. 1525’’] Makedonika 19 (1979), pp. 328-376.
25. Dimitriadis Vassilis, Ī apografī tīs Thessalonikīs kata tīn Tourkokratian 1430-1912, [The Thessaloniki census during the period of Turkish rule 1430-1912] Thessaloniki, 1983.
26. Dimitriadis, Vasilis, I Thessaloniki tis parakmis. I elliniki koinotita tis Thessalonikis kata tin dekaetia tou 1830 me vasi ena othomaniko katasticho apographis plithysmou [Thessaloniki in Decline. The Greek community of Thessaloniki in the 1830s, on the basis of an Ottoman population census register], Herakleion, 1997.
27. Dimitropoulos Dimitris, Ī Mykonos ton 17o aiōna.Gaioktītikes scheseis kai oikonomikessynallages [Mykonos in the 17th Century: Land-Ownership Relations and Economic Transactions], Athens, 1997.
28. Eldem Edhem, Greece and the Greeks in Ottoman History and Turkish Historiog raphy The Historical Review / La Revue Historique, Institute for Neohellenic Research Volume VI (2009), p.28-39
29. Ercan Yavuz ‘Devşirme sorunu devşirmenin Anadolu ve Balkanlarda’ki Türkleşme ve islamlaşmaya etkisi’ [‘The subject of devshirme and its impact on the Turkification in Anatolia and the Balkans’], Belleten, 1991, pp. 679-725.
30. Faroqhi Suraiya, Osmanlı Tarihi nasıl incelenir? , (trad. Altok Zeynep), Second edition, Istanbul, 2003.
31. Faroqhi Suraiya, Approaching Ottoman History, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
32. Faroqhi Suraiya, Fikret Αdanir (eds.) The Ottomans and the Balkans - A Discussion of Historiography, Leiden, 2002, pp. 115-154.
33. Frangakis Syrret Elena, The Commerce of Smyrna in the Eighteenth Century (1700-1820), Athens, 1992.
34. Gedeon Emmanouil, ‘‘Grammata peri monīs Prodromou ellīnika (1499-1614) kai tourkika firmania tou Mechmet Porthitou’’, [‘‘Greek Correspondence Concerning the Prodromos Monastery (1499-1614) and Turkish firmans of Mehmet the Conqueror’’], Archeion Ekklīsiastikīs Istorias, vol. I, t. 3, Constantinople, 1911, pp. 388-397.
35. Gedeon Emmanouil, Episīma grammata tourkika anaferomena eis ta ekklīsiastika ymōn dikaia [Official Turkish correspondence referring to Greek Ecclesiastical Rights], Consatntinople, 1910.
36. Hadjiiosif Christos, ‘’To ergo tou Nikou Svorōnou kai ī ellīnikī istoriografia. Penīnta chronia apokliseōn kai sygkliseōn’’ [‘’The oeuvre of Nikos Svoronos and Greek Historiography: Fifty Years of Divergences and Convergences’’], Synchrona Themata 38, (May 1989), pp. 24-33. Iggers Georg, Nees kateythynseis stīn eurōpaikī istoriografia [New directions in European Historiography] (trans. Vassilis Oikonomidis), Athens, 1991.
37. Iggers Georg, Historiography in the Twentieth Century (trans. Paraskevas Matalas), Athens, 1999.
38. Inalcık Halil, ‘’Impact of the Annales School on Ottoman Studies and New Findings’’ Review, 1, 1978, pp. 69-96.
39. Islamoğlu Huri Cihan – Çağlar Keyder, ‘Agenda for Ottoman History’, Review,1/I/, Summer 1977, pp. 31-55.
40. Kasaba Reşat ‘’Τhe Ottoman Empire and the world Economy: Some Question for Research’’, Review, III, Winter 1979, pp. 389-398.
41. Κitromilides Paschalis, Enlightenment, Nationalism, Orthodoxy: Studies in the Culture and Political Thought of Southeastern Europe, Oldershot, 1994.
42. Κitromilides Paschalis, ‘‘Ī idea tou ethnous kai tīs ethnikīs koinotītas stīn ellīnikī istoriografia’’ [‘‘The idea of the Nation and the national community in Greek historiography’’], in Paschalis Kitromilides, Triantafyllos Sklavenitis (eds.) Ī Istoriografia tīs neoterīs kai sychgronīs Elladas 1833-2002 [Historiography of modern and contemporary Greece 1833-2004.],Vol. 1, Athens, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Section of Neohellenic Research, Athens, 2004, Vol. 1.pp. 37-51.
43. Kolovos Ilias, Chorikoi kai monachoi stīn othōmanikī Chalkidikī, 15os-16os aiōnes. Opseis tīs oikonomikīs kai koinōnikīszōīs stīn ypaithro kai ī monī Xīropotamou [Peasants and Monks in Ottoman Chalkidiki. Aspects of Economic and Social Life in the Countryside and the Xeropotamos Monastery], 3 vols., (PhD. Diss.), Thessaloniki 2000.
44. Kolovos Ilias,( edit) Othomanikes piges gia tin neoteri istoria tis Lefkadas [Ottoman sources for the modern history of Lefkada], ( translation Ilias Kolovos, Marinos Sariyiannis), (intoroduction Ilias Kolovos) with a foreword by Spyros Asdrachas, Herakleion, 2013.
45. Kotzageorgis Fokion, Ī athonikī monī Agiou Pavlou kata tīn othōmanikī periodo,[The Athonite Monastery of St Paul during the Ottoman period], Thessaloniki, 2002
46. Kotzagiorgis Fokion, ‘‘Neoellinikī kai othōmanikī istoria stin ellinikī istoriografia’’ [‘’Modern Greek and Ottoman history in Greek historiography’’] in Fotini Tsibiridou, Dimitris Stamatopoulos, (eds.) Orientalismos sta oria. Apo ta othōmanika valkania stī sygchronī Mesī Anatolī, Thessaloniki, 2008.
47. Lambros Spyridon, ‘‘Ellīnika dīmosia grammata tou soultanou Vagiazit II’’ [‘’Greek Public Correspondence of Sultan Bayazid II’’], Neos Ellīnomnīmōn 5 (1908), 155-189.
48. Lambros Spyridon ‘‘Ellīnika eggrafa en tō archeiō tis Venetias en ois kai eggrafa Tourkōn archontōn ellīnisti meta kai parekdromīs peri tou onōmatos tou Moreōs’’ [‘‘Greek Documents in Venetian Archives Containing Documents of Turkish dignitaries with first Reference to the name of Morea’’], Deltion Istorikīs kai Ethnologikīs Etaireias 4 (1892), pp. 634-52.
49. Le Roy Ladurie Emmanuel, The territory of the Historian, Chicago, 1978.
50. Lazari Sevasti, Économies et sociétés des îles de la mer Égée pendant l’occupation ottomane. Le cas de Mykonos,(PhD diss.), Université de Paris I, Panthéon Sorbonne, Paris, 1989.
51. Masson Paul, Histoire du commerce français dans le Levant au XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Hachette, 1911.
52. Μenage V.L., ‘Some notes on the Devshirme’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, (1966), pp. 64-78.
53. Moschovakis Nikolaos, To en Elladi dīmosion dikaion epi tourkokratias [Public law in Greece in the Ottoman period], Athens 1882, reprint Athens, 1973.
54. Mutafchieva Vera, Agrotikes scheseis stīn othōmanikī aftokratoria (15os-16os aι.), [Rural Relations in the Ottoman Empire (15th-16th c.)], (trans. Ourania Astrinaki, Evangelia Balta), with a foreword by Evangelia Balta, Athens, 1990.
55. Owen Roger, ‘The Middle East in the Eighteenth Century: An ‘Islamic’ Society in decline? A critique of Gibb and Bowen’s ‘Islamic Society and the West’’, Bulletin - British Society for Middle Eastern Studies, 3(2) 1976, pp.110-117.
56. Papageorgiou Stefanos, Apo to Genos sto Ethnos. Ī Themeliōsī tou Ellīnikou Kratous.1821-1862 [From the religious –ethnic communities to nation. The establishment of the Greek state1821-186 ] Athens, 2005.
57. Papoulia Vassiliki ‘‘Ursprung und Wesen der ‘Knabenlese,’’ Osmanischen Reich, Südosteuropaische Arbeiten 59, Munich, 1963.
58. Papoulia Vassiliki, Katagōgī kai yfī tou paidomazōmatos sto othōmaniko kratos, [The origins and nature of devshirme in the Ottoman state] Athens, 2011.
59. Nikolaou Patragas Kyriakos, To nomiko kathestos toy Ieroy Nomoy kata to Islam,[The law status of the ‘’Holy’’ War in Islam], Athens, 2015, pp.21-87.
60. Patrinelis Christos, ‘‘To Agion Oros’’ [‘’MountAthos’’] in: Istoria tou Ellīnikou Ethnous, [History of the Greek Nation], Athens, vol. 10, 1974, pp. 143-174.
61. Pesmazoglou Stefanos, Evropi –Tourkia-. Anatnaklaseis kai Diathlaseis. I stratigiki ton keimenon [Europe and Turkey-Reflections and Refractions .The strategy of textes.] Athens, 1993.
62. Petropoulou, Ioanna,“Istoriographikes prosengiseis tou othomanikou parelthontos stin Christianiki Anatoli, 19os aionas. Mia deigmatolipsia” [Historiographic approaches to the Ottoman past in the Christian East, 19th century. A sampling], Mnimon 23 (2001), pp.269-295.
63. Politis Alexis, Ta romantika chronia. Ideologies kai nootropies stīn Ellada tou 1830-1880, [The years of Romanticism.Ideologies and attitudes in Greece in the 1830-1880 period] Athens, 2008. Said Edward W. Orientalism, New York, 2002.
64. Salakidis Georgios, Sultansurkunden des Athos-KlostersVatopediaus der ZeitBayezid II. und Selim I, Thessaloniki, 1995; Evangelia Balta, ‘Landed Property of the Monasteries on Athos Peninsula and its Taxation in 1764’, in Peuple et Production. Pour une interprétation des sources ottomanes.Analecta Isisiana XLI, Istanbul, 1999, pp. 179-207.
65. Salakidis Georgios Larisa (Yenişehir) sta mesa tou 17ou aiona, Koinoniki kai oikonomiki istoria mias valkanikis polis kai tis periochis tos me vasi ta othomanika ierodikastika eggrapha ton eton 1050-1052 (1650-1652) [Larissa-Yenişehir in the middle of the 17th Century. Social and Economic History of a Balkan Town and its Region based on the Ottoman Juridical Records of the Years 1050-1052/ 1650-1652], Thessaloniki, 2004
66. Skopetea Elli , To “protypo Vasileio” kai ī Megalī idea. Opseis tou ethnikou provlīmatos stīn Ellada (1830-1880)[The ‘Model Kingdom’ and the Great Idea. Aspects of Greece's national problem (1830-1880)], Athens, 1988.
67. Stavrinidis Nikolaos, ‘Metafraseis tourkikōn istorikōn eggrafōn aforontōn eis tīn istorian tīs Krītīs [Translations of Turkish historical documents concerning the history of Crete], vol. I (H 1067-1082/1657-1672), Herakleion of Crete 1975; Vol. II (H 1083-1105/1672-1694), 1976; Vol.III (H 1105-1127/1694-1715), 1978; Vol. IV (H 1127-1165/ 1715-1752, 1984; Vol. V (H1165-1179/1752-1765),1985.
68. Stavrinidis Nikolaos,‘’ Anekdota eggrafa tīs tourkokratias en Krītī.Pente eggrafa tōn prōtōn meta tīn alōsin tou Chandaka chronōn’’ [‘’Unpublished documents of the Ottoman period in Crete. Five documentsin the first years following the Ottoman conquest of Candia’’], Krītika Chronika,2 (1948), pp. 153-166.
69. Svoronos Nicolas, Le commerce de Salonique au XVIIIe siècle, Paris, 1956.
70. Theocharidis Ιoannis, Katalogos othōmanikōn eggrafōn tīs Kyprou apo ta Archeia tīs Ethnikīs Vivliothikīs tīs Sofias, 1571-1878 [Catalogue of Ottoman Documents on Cyprus from the Archives of the National Library of Sofia, 1571-1878], Nicosia, 1984.
71. Theocharidis Ιoannis, ‘‘Ī anaptyxī tōn tourkologikōn spoudōn stīn Ellada’’, [‘’The growth of Turkish studies in Greece’’] Dodonī. Epistīmonikī Epetīrida tou Tmīmatos Istorias kai Archaiologias tīs Filosofikīs Scholīs tou Panepistīmiou Iōanninōn 17/1, 1988 pp. 19-61.
72. Theocharidis, Ioannis, Othomanika eggrafa, 1572-1839. Archeio Ieras Monis Kykkou – I [Ottoman documents 1572-1839. Archive of the Holy Monastery of Kykkos I], 4 vols, Nicosia, 1993.
73. Theocharidis, Ioannis, Othomanika eggrafa 1840-1912, Archeio Ieras Monis Kykkou – V [Ottoman documents 1572-1839. Archive of the Holy Monastery of Kykkos V], 2 vols, Nicosia, 1999.
74. Themopoulou Emilia, ‘O thesmos tou paidomazōmatos (devşirme) sto othōmaniko kratos: Genesī, diamorfōsī, faseis exelixīs kai leitoyrgeia’ [‘The institution of devshirme in the Ottoman state: emergence, formation, phases of development and function’], in Anoichtosynī - Meletes pros timīn tīs Vasilikīs Papoulia,[ Anoichtosynī-Studies in honor of Vassiliki Papoulia ] Thessaloniki (2012), pp. 353-365.
75. Themopoulou Emilie, Salonique 1800-1875:Conjoncture économique et mouvement commercial, 4 Vols., (Phd. dissertation) Université de Paris I, Panthéon Sorbonne, Paris, 1994.
76. Todorova Maria, ‘Bulgarian Historical Writings on the Ottoman Empire’, in New Perspectives on Turkey, 12, Spring (1995), pp. 97-118.
77. Todorova Maria, ‘The Ottoman Legacy in the Balkans’ in Brown Carl (ed.) The Ottoman Imprint in the Balkans and the Middle East, New York, 1996.
78. Todorova Maria, Balkania, Ī dytikī fantasiōsī, [Balkans, the West’s Fantasy] (trans. Ioulia Kolovou), edited with a foreword by Paschalis Kitromilides, Athens, 2005.
79. Topping Peter, ‘Greek Historical Writing on the period 1453-1914’, The Journal of Modern History 33/2, 1961, pp. 157-173.
80. Tsopotos Dimitris ‘‘Soultanika diatagmata kai ierodikastikai apofaseis aforōnta ktīmatikas scheseis tōn chōriōn tou Pīliou Zagoras, Makryrachīs kai Aniliou’’ [‘’Sultan’s decrees and kadı decisions on the land relations in the villages of Pilion Zagora, Makrirachi and Anīlio’’], Thessalika Chronika 2 (1931), pp. .220-233.
81. Tsopotos Dimitris, ‘‘To soultaniko firmanion kai o perivoītos tourkikos kanonismos tōn geōrgikōn en Thessalia scheseōn’’, [‘’The firman and the notorious Turkish regulation on agricultural relations in Thessaly’’] Epetīris Filologikou Syllogou Parnassos,10, (1914), pp. 64-93.
82. Tsopotos Dimitris, Gī kai georgoi tīs Thessalias kata tīn tourkokratian. Epi tī vasei istorikōn pīgōn [Land and farmers in Thessaly during the period of Turkish occupation. Based on historical sources], Volos, 1912, reprint Athens, 1974.
83. Vacalopoulos Apostolos, Istoria tīs Makedonias, 1354-1833 [History of Macedonia],5 vols., Thessaloniki, 1969.
84. Vacalopoulos Apostolos, Istoria tou Neou Ellīnismou [History of Modern Hellenism],Thessaloniki, 1974-1988.
85. Vasdarvellis Ioannis, Istorika Archeia Makedonias, Archeion Monīs Vlatadōn, 1466-1839 [Historical Archives of Macedonia, Archive of the Vlatadon monastery, 1466-1839] Vol. III, Thessaloniki, 1955.
86. Vasdarvellis Ioannis, Istorika Archeia Makedonias, Archeion Thessalonikīs, 1695-1912 [Historical Archives of Macedonia, Archive of Thessaloniki, 1695-1912], Thessaloniki, 1952.
87. Vasdarvellis Ioannis, Istorika Archeia Makedonias, Archeion Verroias - Naoussis, 1598-1886, [Historical Archives of Macedonia, Archive of Veroia - Naoussa 1598-1886], Vol. II, Thessaloniki, 1954.
88. Vasdravellis Ioannis, Istorika Archeia Makedonias, Archeion Monīs Vlatadōn, 1466-1839,[Historical Archives of Macedonia, Archive of the Vlatadon monastery] vol.III,Thessaloniki, 1955.
89. Wallerstein Immanuel, ‘’The Ottoman Empire and the Capitalist World Economy: Some questions for research’,’ Review, II.3 Winter, 1979, pp. 389-398.
90. Wallerstein Immanuel, ‘Some Reflections on the Future of Ottoman Studies,’ in B. Lewis, O. Pritsak, Gönül Tekin, Ş. Tekin and G. Veinstein (eds.) Raiyyet Rüsûmu. Essays Presented to Halil Inalcık on his seventieth Birthday by his Colleagues and Students -Journal of Turkish Studies 11 (1987), pp 235-237.
91. Zachariadou Elizabeth, ‘Early Ottoman Documents of the Prodromos Monastery (Serres),’ Südost-Forschungen XXVIII (1969), pp. 1-12.
92. Zachariadou Elizabeth, Romania and the Turks (c. 1300– c. 1500), London, Variorum Reprints, 1985.
93. Zachariadou Elizabeth Deka tourkika eggrafa gia tin Megali Ekklisia, 1483-1567 [Ten Turkish Documents Concerning the Great Church, 1483-1567], Athens, 1996.
94. Ζei Elefteria Paros dans l’Archipel grec, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles: les multiples visages de l’ insularité, (PhD. diss.), Université de Paris I, Panthéon- Sorbonne, 2 vols., Paris 2001.