Araştırma Makalesi

Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”

Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 29 Mart 2022
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Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”

Öz

Alevism emerged as a political problem during the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and was handled within the scope of modernisation, nationalism, and nation-building in the 19th and 20th centuries. Land losses of the Ottoman Empire and the loss of superiority against Europe pushed the state elites to make reforms and build a homogeneous structure from the population in the remaining lands. This situation gained different aspects and continued in the period of reforms and under the rule of the Committee of Union and Progress. During these periods, Alevis were seen as an internal threat while trying to be kept as a part of the whole. The new republican regime, which were built after the collapse of Ottoman Empire continued these policies that aimed at the Islamization and nationalisation of Alevis and their inclusion into the national community. Alevism became the target of different political movements, from Islamism to Turkism, of several governments during this period. This study identifies the approaches to Alevism during this period within the context of John Breuilly’s understanding of nationalism. In this regard, the late Ottoman and early Republican period nationalism policies and their attitudes toward Alevis will be the focal point of this study. The study will claim that different power centers during the late Ottoman and early Republican periods defined Alevis as within the national body but perceived them as a domestic threat. The study contributes to the literature as it applies Breuilly’s views on nationalism to the late Ottoman and early Republican periods. The study also claims to contribute to the literature on Alevism, as it discusses Alevism within the context that Breuilly draws.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Akpınar, A. (2016). II. Abdülhamid Dönemi Devlet Zihniyetinin Alevi Algısı. In Y. Çakmak & İ. Gürtaş (Eds.), Kızılbaşlık, Alevilik, Bektaşilik: Tarih, Kimlik, İnanç, Ritüel (pp. 215-225). İstanbul: İletişim.
  2. Al, S. (2015). An Anatomy of Nationhood and the Question of Assimilation: Debates on Turkishness Revisited. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism. 15(1), 83-101. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/sena.12121
  3. Alandağlı, M. (2016). Kızılbaşlara Dair İki Rapor: 19. Yüzyılın Son Çeyreğinde Osmanlı İdarecilerinin Gözüyle Kızılbaşlar. In Y. Çakmak & İ. Gürtaş (Eds.), Kızılbaşlık, Alevilik, Bektaşilik: Tarih, Kimlik, İnanç, Ritüel (pp. 227-244). İstanbul: İletişim.
  4. Ateş, K. (2010). Türkiye’de Milliyetçilik, Yurttaşlık ve Aleviler: Öztürkler ve Heretik Ötekiler. PhD diss., Ankara University.
  5. Aydın, S. (2016). “Bir Etno-Dinsel Kimlik Olarak Alevilik”. In Y. Çakmak & İ. Gürtaş (Eds.), Kızılbaşlık, Alevilik, Bektaşilik: Tarih, Kimlik, İnanç, Ritüel (pp. 11-32). İstanbul: İletişim.
  6. Bahadır, İ. (2001). Ümmetten Millete Türk Ulusunun İnşası (1860-1945). Ankara: Kalan.
  7. Bahadır, İ. (2005). Türk Milliyetçi Söyleminde Şamanizm ve Alevilik. Kırkbudak Anadolu Halk İnançları Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(4), 5-26.
  8. Bayrak, M. (2014). Kürt ve Alevi Tarihinde Horasan. Ankara: Özge.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Siyaset Bilimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Mart 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

17 Şubat 2021

Kabul Tarihi

1 Aralık 2021

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Elhan, N. (2022). Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.882405
AMA
1.Elhan N. Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;10(1):1-20. doi:10.14782/marmarasbd.882405
Chicago
Elhan, Nail. 2022. “Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the ‘National’”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 10 (1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.882405.
EndNote
Elhan N (01 Mart 2022) Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 10 1 1–20.
IEEE
[1]N. Elhan, “Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the ‘National’”, Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 10, sy 1, ss. 1–20, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.14782/marmarasbd.882405.
ISNAD
Elhan, Nail. “Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the ‘National’”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 10/1 (01 Mart 2022): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.882405.
JAMA
1.Elhan N. Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;10:1–20.
MLA
Elhan, Nail. “Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the ‘National’”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 10, sy 1, Mart 2022, ss. 1-20, doi:10.14782/marmarasbd.882405.
Vancouver
1.Nail Elhan. Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. 01 Mart 2022;10(1):1-20. doi:10.14782/marmarasbd.882405

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