The Impact of Israel’s Settlement Policy on The Life of Palestinians: Furush Beyt Deccan Village Case in The Framework of Freedom of Movement

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 440 - 471, 26.09.2021

Selin M. Bölme Emine Kaya

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.933953

Öz

Settlements became the most important mean for Israel to preserve its occupation of Palestinian territories after the 1967 war. Settlement activities initially started in 1967, and in time, expanded into the West Bank, changing the map and demography of the region to a significant extent. Settlements are not just residences. With the checkpoints, restricted road networks, road barriers and the Separation Wall, all of which Israel built on the grounds of the needs and security of the settlements, they form a much more complicated structure. Thanks to the complicated structure in question, it became the most effective tool of Israel's annexation policy by making the military occupation, which was seen temporarily at first, permanent. While Israel was building settlements to determine the future of the areas it occupied, it tried to cover up the fact that these lands were the future of the Palestinians. In this respect, settlements permeate into every aspect of social, political, and economic life in the West Bank, causing significant obstacles for Palestinians in accessing their basic health and education needs and carrying out economic activities. While Israel has restricted the lives of Palestinians with the obstacles it has created, it has also kept them under control within certain limits. This study seeks to reveal the effects of the settlements in the West Bank on the lives of Palestinians, particularly on their mobility and freedom of movement. It argues that the settlements and the legal and de-facto restrictions that are put in place by the Israeli authorities on the Palestinian movement serve to force Palestinians to leave their lands. This leads in the expansion of the Israeli occupation. In this study, we will analyze the practice of settlements and their effects on the Palestinian life within the context of Furush Beit Deccan village.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Israel, Palestine, Settlements, West Bank, Checkpoints

İsrail Yerleşim Politikasının Filistinlilerin Hayatı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Seyahat ve Dolaşım Özgürlüğü Çerçevesinde Furuş Beyt Deccan Köyü İncelemesi

Öz

İsrail’in 1967 savaşı sonrasında Filistin topraklarındaki hakimiyetini sürdürmesinin en önemli araçlarından biri yerleşimler olmuştur. 1967’de başlayan yerleşim faaliyetleri zamanla Batı Şeria’yı sararak, bölgenin haritasını ve demografisini değiştirmiştir. Yerleşimler sadece konutlardan ibaret değillerdir. İsrail’in yerleşimlerin ihtiyaçlarını ve güvenliğini gerekçe göstererek inşa ettiği kontrol noktaları, kısıtlı yol ağları, yol engelleri ve Batı Şeria bariyeri (Ayrım Duvarı) ile çok daha komplike bir yapı oluşturmaktadırlar. Söz konusu bu komplike yapı sayesinde başlarda geçici olarak görülen askeri işgal kalıcı hale getirerek İsrail’in ilhak politikasının en etkili aracı haline gelmiştir. İsrail işgal ettiği bölgelerin geleceğini belirlemek için yerleşimler kurarken, bu toprakların aslında Filistinlilerin geleceği olduğu gerçeğinin üstünü örtmeye çalışmıştır. Bu yönüyle yerleşimler, Filistinlilerin sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik hayatının her alanını sızmakta ve onları kuşatma altına almaktadır. Bu kuşatma nedeniyle Filistinliler sağlık ve eğitim gibi en temel ihtiyaçlara erişimde ve temel ekonomik faaliyetlerini yürütmekte büyük engellerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. İsrail oluşturduğu engellerle Filistinlilerin yaşamını kısıtlarken aynı zamanda onları belirli sınırlar içinde kontrol altında tutmayı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma İsrail’in Batı Şeria’da inşa ettiği yerleşimlerin ve yerleşimlerinin bileşenlerinin Filistinlilerin hayatı üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada en temel insan haklarından biri olan seyahat ve dolaşım özgürlüğü çerçevesinde bu etki incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın iddiası yerleşimlerin varlığının ve yerleşimleri merkeze alarak İsrailli makamların Filistinlilerin seyahat ve dolaşımına getirdiği kanuni ve/veya fiili kısıtlamaların ve engellerin Filistin halkının yaşam koşullarını en temel ihtiyaçlarını gideremeyecek kadar ağırlaştırdığıdır. Bu durum Filistin halkı üzerinde topraklarını terk etme baskısı oluşturarak, İsrail’in işgalini genişletmektedir. Çalışmada İsrail yerleşimlerinin Filistinlilerin hayatı üzerindeki bu etkisi vaka analizi olarak seçilen Furuş Beyt Deccan köyü üzerinden analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İsrail, Filistin, Yerleşimler, Batı Şeria, Kontrol Noktaları

Kaynakça

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