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Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi'nin Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi ile Yakınlaşma Sürecinin MHP Seçmeninin Demografik ve ideolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi: Haziran 2015 - 2018 Parlamento Seçimleri Mukayesesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 222 - 239, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1073547

Öz

2016 Darbe girişimini takiben Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi ile Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi arasında siyasi ittifak kurma süreci başlamıştır. Batı Avrupa ülkelerindeki tipik radikal sağ seçmenin demografik ve ideolojik özelliklerini dikkate alan bu çalışma söz konusu ittifakın Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi'ne oy veren seçmenin demografik ve ideolojik özelliklerinin nasıl etkilediği sorusuna odaklanmaktadır. "CSES" dördüncü ve beşinci dalga anket çalışması sonuçlarını kullanan bu çalışma Haziran 2015 ve Haziran 2018 parlamento seçimleri özelinde ikili lojistik regresyon analizi yapmaktadır. Analiz 2018 seçimlerinde Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi'ne oy veren seçmen profilinin 2015 seçimlerine göre Batı Avrupa ülkelerindeki radikal sağ partilere oy veren seçmen profiline daha yakın olduğu sonucuna ulaşmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, T. J. (2017) All in the party family? Comparing far right voters in Western and Post-Communist Europe. Party Politics 23 (3): 274-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815593457 Altındağ, O. and Kaushal, N. (2021) Do refugees impact voting behaviour in the host country? Evidence from Syrian refugee inflows to Turkey. Public Choice 186: 149-178.
  • Arzheimer, K. and Carter E. (2006) Political opportunity structures and right-wing extremist party success. European Journal of Political Research 45: 419-443.
  • Arzheimer, K. (2009) Contextual factors and extreme right vote in Western Europe, 1980-2002. American Journal of Political Science 53 (2): 259-275.
  • Arzheimer, K., Carter, E (2009) Christian religiosity and voting for West European radical right parties. West European Politics, 32(5): 985-1011.
  • Arzheimer, K. and Berning, C. C. (2019) How the alternative for Germany and their voters veered to the radical right, 2013-2017. Electoral Studies 60: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.04.004 Aytaç, S., E., Çarkoğlu, A. Yıldırım, K. (2017) Taking sides: Determinants of support for a presidential system in Turkey” South European Society and Politics 22(1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2017.1280879
  • Aytaç, S. E. and Çarkoğlu, A. (2021). Terror attacks, issue salience and party competence: Diagnosing shifting vote preferences in a panel study. Party Politics 27(4): 755-766 https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819890060
  • Başlevent, C., Kirmanoğlu, H. And Şenatalar, B. (2005) Empirical investigation of party preferences and economic voting in Turkey. European Journal of Political Research 44 (4): 547-562. Betz, H, G. (1993) The new politics of resentment: Radical right-wing populist parties in Western Europe. Comparative Politics 25(4): 413-427.
  • Bolet, D. (2020) Local labor market competition and radical right voting: Evidence from France. European Journal of Political Research 59(4): 817-841. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12378
  • Bornschier, S. Kriesi, H. 2013 The populist right, the working class and the changing face of class politics. In: J. Rydgren (ed) Class Politics and the Radical Right. Oxon and New York: Routledge, pp. 10-30. Castaldo, A. (2018) Populism and competitive authoritarianism in Turkey. South European and Black Sea Studies 18(4): 467-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2018.1550948
  • Cavallaro, M. and Massimo A. Z. (2020) Divided we stand: Attitudes, social classes and voting for the Radical Right after the Great Recession in Europe. Ethnic and Racial Studies 43(2): 313-332. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2019.1569701
  • Celep, O. (2010) Turkey’s radical right and the Kurdish issue: The MHP’s reaction to democratic opening. Insight Turkey 12(2): 125-142.
  • Coenders, M. and Peer S. (2003) The effect of education on nationalism and ethnic exclusionism: An international comparison. Political Psychology 24(2): 313-343. Coffé H. and Voorpostel, M. (2010) Young people, parents and radical right voting: The case of the Swiss People’s Party. Electoral Studies 29: 435-443. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2010.03.015
  • Coffé, H. (2018) Gender and the Radical Right. In: Jens Rydgren (ed). Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 294-309.
  • Çarkoğlu, A. (2007) The nature of left-right ideological self-placement in the Turkish context. Turkish Studies 8(2): 253-271. doi: 10.1080/14683840701312245 Çarkoğlu, A. (2008) Ideology or economic pragmatism? Profiling Turkish Voters in 2007. Turkish Studies 9(2): 314-344. doi: 10.1080/14683840802012074
  • Çınar, A. and Arıkan, B. (2002) The Nationalist Action Party: Representing the State, the Nation, or the Nationalists? Turkish Studies 3(1): 25-40.
  • Esen, B. and Gümüşçü, S (2017). Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey. Third World Quarterly 37(9): 1581-1606. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2017.1384341
  • Evans, J, A. (2005) The dynamics of social change in radical right-wing populist party support. Comparative European Politics 3: 76-101.
  • Fisunoglu, A. and Sert, D. (2019) Refugees and elections: The effects of Syrians on voting behavior in Turkey. International Migration 57(2): 1-15. doi: 10.1111/imig.12455
  • Gaasholt, Q. and Togeby, L. (1995) Interethnic tolerance, education and political orientation: Evidence from Denmark. Political Behavior 17(3): 265-285.
  • Gidengil, E., Hannigar, M. Blais, A, Nevitte, N. (2005) Explaining the gender gap in support for the new right: The case of Canada. Comparative Political Studies 38(10): 1171-1195.
  • Givens, T. (2004) The radical right gender gap. Comparative Political Studies 37(1): 30-54. DOI: 10.1177/0010414003260124
  • Givens, T. (2005) Voting Radical Right in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Harteveld, E. and Ivarsflaten, E. (2016) Why women avoid the radical right: Internalized norms and party reputations. British Journal of Political Science 48: 369-384. doi:10.1017/S0007123415000745
  • Hooghe, M. and Reeskens, T. (2007) Are cross-national surveys the best way to study the extreme-right vote in Europe? Patterns of Prejudice 41(2): 177-196.
  • Im, J. Z., Mayer, N., Palier, B. and Rovny J. (2019) The losers of automation: A reservoir of the vote for the radical right? Research and Politics 6(1): 1-7. doi.org/10.1177/2053168018822395
  • Immerzeel, T. Jaspers, E. and Lubbers, M. (2013) Religion as catalyst or restraint of radical right voting. West European Politics 36(5): 946-968. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2013.797235
  • Immerzeel, T. Coffé, H. and van der Lippe, T. (2015) Explaining the gender gap in radical right voting: A cross-national investigation in 12 Western European countries. Comparative European Politics 13(2): 263-286. doi:10.1057/cep.2013.20
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2008) Attitudinal orientation to party organizations in Turkey in the 2000s. Turkish Studies 9(2): 297-316.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2014) Local elections and Turkish voter: Looking for the determinants of party choice. South European Society and Politics 19(4): 583-600. doi: 10.1080/14683840701312211
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2015) Turkish popular presidential elections: Deepening legitimacy issues and looming regime change. South European Society and Politics 20(2): 157-179. doi: 10.1080/13608746.2014.993511
  • Kayaoglu, A (2017) Voting behavior of the youth in Turkey: What drives involvement in or causes alienation from conventional political participation. Turkish Studies, 18(1): 32-55. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2016.1273776
  • Kurer, T. (2020) The declining middle: Occupational change, social status, and the populist right. Comparative Political Studies 53(10-11): 1798-1835. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414020912283
  • Lubbers, M. and Coenders, M. (2017) Nationalistic attitudes and voting for the radical right in Europe. European Union Politics 18(1): 98-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116516678932
  • Marcinkiewicz, K. and Dassonneville, R. (2021) Do religious voters support populist radical right parties? Opposite effects in Western and East-Central Europe. Party Politics: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068820985187
  • Mierina, I. and Koroleva, I. (2015) Support for radical right ideology and anti-immigrant attitudes among youth in Europe. The Sociological Review 63(2): 183-205. doi: 10.1111/1467-954X.12268 Miller-Idriss, C. (2018) Youth and the radical right” In: Jens Rydgren (ed). Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 497-521.
  • Montgomery, K. A. and Winter, R. (2015) Explaining the religion gap in support for radical right parties in Europe. Politics and Religion 8: 379-403. doi:10.1017/S1755048315000292
  • Mudde, C. (2007) Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Norris, P. (2005) Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. (2019) Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Oesch, D. and Rennwald, L. (2018) Electoral competition in Europe’s new tripolar space: Class voting for the left, center-right and radical right. European Journal of Political Research 57: 783-807. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12259
  • Önis, Z. (2003) Globalization, democratization and far-right: Turkey’s Nationalist Action Party in critical perspective.” Democratization 10(1): 27-52. doi: 10.1080/13510340312331294017
  • Özbudun, E. (2014) AKP at the crossroads: Erdoğan’s majoritarian drift. South European Society and Politics 19(2): 155-167. DOI: 10.1080/13608746.2014.920571
  • Pytlas, B. (2016) Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. Oxon and New York: Routledge.
  • Rydgren, J. (2007) The sociology of the radical right. Annual Review of Sociology 33: 241-262. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131752
  • Sanders, D. Clarke, H. Stewart, M. C. and Whiteley, P. (2011) Downs, Stokes and Dynamics of Electoral Choice. British Journal of Political Science 41(2): 287-314. DOI: 10.1017/S0007123410000505. Sayari, S. (2014) Interdisciplinary approaches to political clientelism and patronage in Turkey. Turkish Studies 15(4): 655-670 https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2014.985809
  • Schwörer, J. (2019) Alternative für Deutschland: from the streets to the parliament.” In: Manuela Calani and Ondrej Cisar (eds). Radical Right Movement Parties in Europe. Oxon and New York: Routledge, pp. 29-45.
  • Siedler, T. (2011) Parental unemployment and young people’s extreme-right party affinity: Evidence from panel data.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 174, no. 3 (2011): 737-758.
  • Stockemer, D. (2017) The Front National in France: Continuity and change under Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen. Cham: Springer. Stockemer, D., Lentz T. and Mayer, D. (2018) Individual predictor of the radical right-wing vote in Europe: A meta-analysis of the articles in peer-reviewed journals (1995-2016). Government and Opposition 53(3): 569-593. doi:10.1017/gov.2018.2
  • Taşkın, Y. 2008. Upsurge of extreme right in Turkey: The intra-right struggle to redefine true nationalism and Islam. Middle Eastern Studies 44(1): 131-149. doi: 10.1080/00263200701711895
  • Tavits, M. and Letki. N. (2009) When is left right: Party ideology and policy in post-communist Europe. American Political Science Review 103(4): 555-569. doi:10.1017/S0003055409990220
  • Tepe, S. (2000) A Kemalist and Islamist movement? The Nationalist Action Party. Turkish Studies 1(2): 59-72. doi: 10.1080/14683840008721234
  • van der Brug, W. Fennema, M. and Tillie, J. (2000). Anti-immigrant parties in Europe: Ideological or protest Vote? European Journal of Political Research 37: 77-102.
  • van der Brug, W. and Fennama M. (2009) The support base of radical right parties in the enlarged European Union. Journal of European Integration 31(5): 589-608. doi: 10.1080/07036330903145930 Widfeldt, A. (2018) The Radical right in the Nordic countries. In: Jens Rydgren (ed). Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 770-797.
  • Yilmaz, I. Shipoli, E. and Demir, M. (2021) Authoritarian resilience through securitization: An Islamist populist party’s co-optation of a secularist far-right party. Democratization (https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1891412 ).
  • Yavuz, H. (2002) The Politics of Fear? The rise of Nationalist Action Party in Turkey. Middle East Journal 56(2): 200-221.
  • Yıldırım, K. (2020) Clientalism and dominant incumbent parties: Party competition in an urban Turkish neighborhood. Democratization 27(1): 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1658744
  • Zhirkov, K. (2014) Nativist but not alienated: A comparative perspective on the radical right vote in Western Europe. Party Politics 20(2): 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813511379

The Impact of Nationalist Action Party’s Realignment with The Ruling Party on the Demography and Ideological Self-Placement of the Nap Voters: Comparison of the (June) 2015 and the 2018 Parliamentary Elections

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 222 - 239, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1073547

Öz

The Nationalist Action Party realigned itself with the ruling Justice and Development Party after November 2015 parliamentary elections. Considering the typical radical right voters in European democracies, this study analyzes the impact of the change in the NAP’s stance on the overlap between radical right voters in Europe and Turkey. Using CSES dataset and employing a binomial logistic regression analysis the study compares demographic and ideological characteristics of the NAP’s voters in June 2015 and 2018 parliamentary elections. The analysis concludes that electoral profiles of voters who voted for NAP in 2018 elections were closer to those of typical radical right voters in Western European countries than those of voters who supported the party in June 2015 elections.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, T. J. (2017) All in the party family? Comparing far right voters in Western and Post-Communist Europe. Party Politics 23 (3): 274-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815593457 Altındağ, O. and Kaushal, N. (2021) Do refugees impact voting behaviour in the host country? Evidence from Syrian refugee inflows to Turkey. Public Choice 186: 149-178.
  • Arzheimer, K. and Carter E. (2006) Political opportunity structures and right-wing extremist party success. European Journal of Political Research 45: 419-443.
  • Arzheimer, K. (2009) Contextual factors and extreme right vote in Western Europe, 1980-2002. American Journal of Political Science 53 (2): 259-275.
  • Arzheimer, K., Carter, E (2009) Christian religiosity and voting for West European radical right parties. West European Politics, 32(5): 985-1011.
  • Arzheimer, K. and Berning, C. C. (2019) How the alternative for Germany and their voters veered to the radical right, 2013-2017. Electoral Studies 60: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.04.004 Aytaç, S., E., Çarkoğlu, A. Yıldırım, K. (2017) Taking sides: Determinants of support for a presidential system in Turkey” South European Society and Politics 22(1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2017.1280879
  • Aytaç, S. E. and Çarkoğlu, A. (2021). Terror attacks, issue salience and party competence: Diagnosing shifting vote preferences in a panel study. Party Politics 27(4): 755-766 https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819890060
  • Başlevent, C., Kirmanoğlu, H. And Şenatalar, B. (2005) Empirical investigation of party preferences and economic voting in Turkey. European Journal of Political Research 44 (4): 547-562. Betz, H, G. (1993) The new politics of resentment: Radical right-wing populist parties in Western Europe. Comparative Politics 25(4): 413-427.
  • Bolet, D. (2020) Local labor market competition and radical right voting: Evidence from France. European Journal of Political Research 59(4): 817-841. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12378
  • Bornschier, S. Kriesi, H. 2013 The populist right, the working class and the changing face of class politics. In: J. Rydgren (ed) Class Politics and the Radical Right. Oxon and New York: Routledge, pp. 10-30. Castaldo, A. (2018) Populism and competitive authoritarianism in Turkey. South European and Black Sea Studies 18(4): 467-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2018.1550948
  • Cavallaro, M. and Massimo A. Z. (2020) Divided we stand: Attitudes, social classes and voting for the Radical Right after the Great Recession in Europe. Ethnic and Racial Studies 43(2): 313-332. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2019.1569701
  • Celep, O. (2010) Turkey’s radical right and the Kurdish issue: The MHP’s reaction to democratic opening. Insight Turkey 12(2): 125-142.
  • Coenders, M. and Peer S. (2003) The effect of education on nationalism and ethnic exclusionism: An international comparison. Political Psychology 24(2): 313-343. Coffé H. and Voorpostel, M. (2010) Young people, parents and radical right voting: The case of the Swiss People’s Party. Electoral Studies 29: 435-443. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2010.03.015
  • Coffé, H. (2018) Gender and the Radical Right. In: Jens Rydgren (ed). Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 294-309.
  • Çarkoğlu, A. (2007) The nature of left-right ideological self-placement in the Turkish context. Turkish Studies 8(2): 253-271. doi: 10.1080/14683840701312245 Çarkoğlu, A. (2008) Ideology or economic pragmatism? Profiling Turkish Voters in 2007. Turkish Studies 9(2): 314-344. doi: 10.1080/14683840802012074
  • Çınar, A. and Arıkan, B. (2002) The Nationalist Action Party: Representing the State, the Nation, or the Nationalists? Turkish Studies 3(1): 25-40.
  • Esen, B. and Gümüşçü, S (2017). Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey. Third World Quarterly 37(9): 1581-1606. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2017.1384341
  • Evans, J, A. (2005) The dynamics of social change in radical right-wing populist party support. Comparative European Politics 3: 76-101.
  • Fisunoglu, A. and Sert, D. (2019) Refugees and elections: The effects of Syrians on voting behavior in Turkey. International Migration 57(2): 1-15. doi: 10.1111/imig.12455
  • Gaasholt, Q. and Togeby, L. (1995) Interethnic tolerance, education and political orientation: Evidence from Denmark. Political Behavior 17(3): 265-285.
  • Gidengil, E., Hannigar, M. Blais, A, Nevitte, N. (2005) Explaining the gender gap in support for the new right: The case of Canada. Comparative Political Studies 38(10): 1171-1195.
  • Givens, T. (2004) The radical right gender gap. Comparative Political Studies 37(1): 30-54. DOI: 10.1177/0010414003260124
  • Givens, T. (2005) Voting Radical Right in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Harteveld, E. and Ivarsflaten, E. (2016) Why women avoid the radical right: Internalized norms and party reputations. British Journal of Political Science 48: 369-384. doi:10.1017/S0007123415000745
  • Hooghe, M. and Reeskens, T. (2007) Are cross-national surveys the best way to study the extreme-right vote in Europe? Patterns of Prejudice 41(2): 177-196.
  • Im, J. Z., Mayer, N., Palier, B. and Rovny J. (2019) The losers of automation: A reservoir of the vote for the radical right? Research and Politics 6(1): 1-7. doi.org/10.1177/2053168018822395
  • Immerzeel, T. Jaspers, E. and Lubbers, M. (2013) Religion as catalyst or restraint of radical right voting. West European Politics 36(5): 946-968. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2013.797235
  • Immerzeel, T. Coffé, H. and van der Lippe, T. (2015) Explaining the gender gap in radical right voting: A cross-national investigation in 12 Western European countries. Comparative European Politics 13(2): 263-286. doi:10.1057/cep.2013.20
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2008) Attitudinal orientation to party organizations in Turkey in the 2000s. Turkish Studies 9(2): 297-316.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2014) Local elections and Turkish voter: Looking for the determinants of party choice. South European Society and Politics 19(4): 583-600. doi: 10.1080/14683840701312211
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2015) Turkish popular presidential elections: Deepening legitimacy issues and looming regime change. South European Society and Politics 20(2): 157-179. doi: 10.1080/13608746.2014.993511
  • Kayaoglu, A (2017) Voting behavior of the youth in Turkey: What drives involvement in or causes alienation from conventional political participation. Turkish Studies, 18(1): 32-55. doi: 10.1080/14683849.2016.1273776
  • Kurer, T. (2020) The declining middle: Occupational change, social status, and the populist right. Comparative Political Studies 53(10-11): 1798-1835. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414020912283
  • Lubbers, M. and Coenders, M. (2017) Nationalistic attitudes and voting for the radical right in Europe. European Union Politics 18(1): 98-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116516678932
  • Marcinkiewicz, K. and Dassonneville, R. (2021) Do religious voters support populist radical right parties? Opposite effects in Western and East-Central Europe. Party Politics: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068820985187
  • Mierina, I. and Koroleva, I. (2015) Support for radical right ideology and anti-immigrant attitudes among youth in Europe. The Sociological Review 63(2): 183-205. doi: 10.1111/1467-954X.12268 Miller-Idriss, C. (2018) Youth and the radical right” In: Jens Rydgren (ed). Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 497-521.
  • Montgomery, K. A. and Winter, R. (2015) Explaining the religion gap in support for radical right parties in Europe. Politics and Religion 8: 379-403. doi:10.1017/S1755048315000292
  • Mudde, C. (2007) Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Norris, P. (2005) Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. (2019) Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Oesch, D. and Rennwald, L. (2018) Electoral competition in Europe’s new tripolar space: Class voting for the left, center-right and radical right. European Journal of Political Research 57: 783-807. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12259
  • Önis, Z. (2003) Globalization, democratization and far-right: Turkey’s Nationalist Action Party in critical perspective.” Democratization 10(1): 27-52. doi: 10.1080/13510340312331294017
  • Özbudun, E. (2014) AKP at the crossroads: Erdoğan’s majoritarian drift. South European Society and Politics 19(2): 155-167. DOI: 10.1080/13608746.2014.920571
  • Pytlas, B. (2016) Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. Oxon and New York: Routledge.
  • Rydgren, J. (2007) The sociology of the radical right. Annual Review of Sociology 33: 241-262. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131752
  • Sanders, D. Clarke, H. Stewart, M. C. and Whiteley, P. (2011) Downs, Stokes and Dynamics of Electoral Choice. British Journal of Political Science 41(2): 287-314. DOI: 10.1017/S0007123410000505. Sayari, S. (2014) Interdisciplinary approaches to political clientelism and patronage in Turkey. Turkish Studies 15(4): 655-670 https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2014.985809
  • Schwörer, J. (2019) Alternative für Deutschland: from the streets to the parliament.” In: Manuela Calani and Ondrej Cisar (eds). Radical Right Movement Parties in Europe. Oxon and New York: Routledge, pp. 29-45.
  • Siedler, T. (2011) Parental unemployment and young people’s extreme-right party affinity: Evidence from panel data.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 174, no. 3 (2011): 737-758.
  • Stockemer, D. (2017) The Front National in France: Continuity and change under Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen. Cham: Springer. Stockemer, D., Lentz T. and Mayer, D. (2018) Individual predictor of the radical right-wing vote in Europe: A meta-analysis of the articles in peer-reviewed journals (1995-2016). Government and Opposition 53(3): 569-593. doi:10.1017/gov.2018.2
  • Taşkın, Y. 2008. Upsurge of extreme right in Turkey: The intra-right struggle to redefine true nationalism and Islam. Middle Eastern Studies 44(1): 131-149. doi: 10.1080/00263200701711895
  • Tavits, M. and Letki. N. (2009) When is left right: Party ideology and policy in post-communist Europe. American Political Science Review 103(4): 555-569. doi:10.1017/S0003055409990220
  • Tepe, S. (2000) A Kemalist and Islamist movement? The Nationalist Action Party. Turkish Studies 1(2): 59-72. doi: 10.1080/14683840008721234
  • van der Brug, W. Fennema, M. and Tillie, J. (2000). Anti-immigrant parties in Europe: Ideological or protest Vote? European Journal of Political Research 37: 77-102.
  • van der Brug, W. and Fennama M. (2009) The support base of radical right parties in the enlarged European Union. Journal of European Integration 31(5): 589-608. doi: 10.1080/07036330903145930 Widfeldt, A. (2018) The Radical right in the Nordic countries. In: Jens Rydgren (ed). Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 770-797.
  • Yilmaz, I. Shipoli, E. and Demir, M. (2021) Authoritarian resilience through securitization: An Islamist populist party’s co-optation of a secularist far-right party. Democratization (https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1891412 ).
  • Yavuz, H. (2002) The Politics of Fear? The rise of Nationalist Action Party in Turkey. Middle East Journal 56(2): 200-221.
  • Yıldırım, K. (2020) Clientalism and dominant incumbent parties: Party competition in an urban Turkish neighborhood. Democratization 27(1): 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1658744
  • Zhirkov, K. (2014) Nativist but not alienated: A comparative perspective on the radical right vote in Western Europe. Party Politics 20(2): 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813511379
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mustafa Çağatay Aslan 0000-0003-3384-1642

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aslan, M. Ç. (2022). The Impact of Nationalist Action Party’s Realignment with The Ruling Party on the Demography and Ideological Self-Placement of the Nap Voters: Comparison of the (June) 2015 and the 2018 Parliamentary Elections. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 222-239. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1073547