Saha Bürokratları Göç Politikalarının Uygulanmasında Ne Ölçüde Etkilidir: Trablusşam’da Bir Alan Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 321 - 341, 01.10.2025

Sönmez Alvanoğlu Yolcu

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1682074

Öz

Bu çalışma, Lübnan’nın Kuzey Vilayeti’nin merkezi ve ikinci büyük şehri olan Trablusşam’da Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik göç politikalarının uygulanmasında saha bürokratlarının rolünü, özellikle belediyenin çalışmalarına odaklanarak, Michael Lipsky’nin “saha bürokrasisi” ve “takdir yetkisi” kavramları ve Paul Sabatier ve Daniel Mazmanian’ın “uygulama teorisi (implementation theory)” bağlamlarında ele almaktadır. Araştırma, nitel yönteme göre yürütülmüştür. Buna göre Trablusşam’da 31 Suriyeli mülteci, yerel yönetim, merkezi yönetim ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının temsilcileri ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerin analizi Miles ve Huberman’ın “akış modeli”ne göre yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel argümanı, Trablusşam’da göç politikalarının yukarıdan aşağıya(top down) doğru şekillendiği ve bu anlamda saha bürokratlarının sınırlı ölçüde takdir yetkisi kullandıkları yönündedir. Çalışma alana ampirik bir katkı sunma gayesindedir. Çalışmanın ampirik katkısı, göç politikalarında yukarıdan aşağıya uygulama (top down) yaklaşımı ile uygulamada saha bürokratlarının takdir yetkisinin (discretion) ilişkiselliğinin somutlaştırılmasıdır. Bu anlamda saha bürokratlarının uygulama aşamasındaki rolleri, temel hizmet alanları, entegrasyon, işbirlikleri ve sivil toplum kavramları üzerinden ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yerel yönetimler , göç politikaları , politika uygulaması , saha bürokratları , takdir yetkisi

How Effective are Street Level Bureaucrats in the Implementation of Migration Policy : A Case Study in Tripoli

Öz

This study aimed to examine the role of street-level bureaucrats in the implementation of immigration policies regarding Syrian refugees in Tripoli, the second largest city and the centre of North Governorate in Lebanon, with a particular focus on the work of the municipality, in the context of Michael Lipsky’s concepts of ‘street-level bureaucracy’ and ‘discretion’ as well as Paul Sabatier and Daniel Mazmanian’s ‘implementation theory’. The study was executed according to the qualitative method, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 Syrian refugees along with representatives of local government, central government and non-governmental organisations in Tripoli. The interviews were analysed in line with Miles and Huberman’s ‘flow model’. The main argument of the study was that immigration policies in Tripoli were shaped from top-down and that street-level bureaucrats exercised limited discretionary power. In order to achieve an empirical contribution to the field, the study aimed to manifest the correlational connection between the top-down approach in migration policies and the discretion of street-level bureaucrats in practice. To that end, the roles of street-level bureaucrats in the implementation phase were addressed through the concepts of basic service areas, integration, co-operation and civil society organizations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Local governments , migration policies , policy implementation , street level bureaucrats , discretion

Kaynakça

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