Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı: Kişilik Özellikleri Açısından Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Teknolojinin gelişmesi ile birlikte ortaya çıkan ve davranış problemleri arasına eklenen sorunlardan biri de akıllı telefon bağımlılığıdır. Söz konusu bağımlılık türü özellikle gençler arasında yaygın olup derinlemesine araştırılması gereken güncel bir sorundur. Bu araştırmada da akıllı telefon bağımlılığını kişilik özellikleri açısından incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile kişilik özellikleri alt boyutları arasındaki ilişki tespit edilip kişilik özelliklerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılığını yordayıp yordamadığı araştırılmıştır. Araştırma grubu, 254 kadın ve 172 erkek olmak üzere toplam 426 Türk üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği- Kısa Formu ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Pearson momentler çarpım korelasyon katsayısı ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile nevrotiklik, öz-disiplin ve uyumluluk arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu; akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile dışa dönüklük ve gelişime açıklık arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılığı toplam varyansının %8’ ini açıkladığı da bulgular arasında yer almaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bulgular benzer araştırma bulguları ile desteklenerek yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı
• Kişilik özellikleri
• Üniversite Öğrencileri

Smartphone Addiction: An Evaluation in Terms of Personality Traits

Öz

One of the problems that emerged with the development of technology and added to the behavioral problems is smartphone addiction. This type of addiction is especially common among young people and is a current problem that needs to be investigated in depth. In this study, it was aimed to examine smartphone addiction in terms of personality traits. For this purpose, the relationship between smartphone addiction and personality traits sub-dimensions was determined and it was investigated whether personality traits predicted smartphone addiction. The research group consists of a total of 426 Turkish university students, 254 women and 172 men. Personal Information Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form and Five Factor Personality Inventory were used as data collection tools in the research. Data were analyzed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Research findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between smartphone addiction and neuroticism, self-discipline and agreeableness; showed that there was no significant relationship between smartphone addiction and extraversion and openness to development. It is also among the findings that five factor personality traits explain 8% of the total variance of smartphone addiction. The resulting findings were interpreted by supporting similar research findings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Smartphone addiction
• Personality traits
• University students

Kaynakça

1. Basim, H. N., Cetin, F., & Tabak, A. (2009). The relationship between Big Five personality characteristics and conflict resolution approaches. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 24, 20–34.
2. Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 670–676.
3. Benet-Martinez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los cinco grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait multimethod analyses of the big five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 729–750. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729
4. Beranuy Fargues, M., Sanchez Carbonell, X., Graner Jordania, C., Castellana Rosell, M., Chamarro Lusar, A. (2006, November). Uso y abuso del teléfono móvil en jóvenes y adolescentes. Comunicación presentada en XXI Congreso Internacional de Comunicación.
5. Beranuy, M., Oberst, U., Carbonell, X., & Chamarro, A. (2009). Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 1182–1187.
6. Berber Çelik, Ç. (2022). Çocuklarda teknoloji bağımlılığı. Ç. Berber Çelik & O. Çelik (Eds.), Farklı disiplinlerin bakış açısıyla dijital dünyada çocuk içinde, (s.105-124). Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi.
7. Berry, D. S., & Hansen, J. S. (2000). Positive affect, negative effect, and social interaction.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 796-809.
8. Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 61-79.

9. Billieux, J., Van Der Linden, M., & Rochat, L. (2008). The role of impulsivity in actual and problematic use of the mobile phone. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 1195–210.
10. Blachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Durak, E.Ş., Durak, M., & Sherstyuk, L. (2017). The role of personality traits in Facebook and Internet addictions: A study on Polish, Turkish, and Ukrainian samples. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 269-275.
11. Boumosleh, J. M., & Jaalouk, D. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students- A cross sectional study. PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0182239. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182239
12. Burger, J.M. (2014). Personality. USA: Cengage Learning.
13. Burns, N., & Grove, S.K. (1993). The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique & Utilization (2th ed.). Missouri: Elsevier Science Health Science.
14. Cheever, N.A., Rosen, L. D., Carrier, L. M., & Chavez, A. (2014). Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 290–297.
15. Cocoradă, E., Maican, C.I., Cazan, A.M., & Maican, M.A. (2018). Assessing the smartphone addiction risk and its associations with personality traits among adolescents. Children Youth Service Review, 93, 345–54.
16. Costa, P. T., & McCare, R. R. (1988). Personality in adulthood. A six-year longitudinal study of self-reports and spouse ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 853-863.
17. De-Sola Gutiérrez, J., Rodríguez de Fonseca, F., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-phone addiction: A review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 175.
18. Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality Structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440. Ehrenberg, A., Juckes, S., White, K. M., & Walsh, S. P. (2008). Personality and self-esteem as predictors of young people's technology use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 739–741. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0030.
19. Ezoe, S., Toda, M., Yoshimura, K., Naritomi, A., Den, R., & Morimoto, K. (2009). Relationships of personality and lifestyle with mobile phone dependence among female nursing students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 37(2), 231–238. doi:10.2224/sbp.2009.37.2.231
20. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative “description of personality”: The Big-Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
21. Grant J. E., Potenza, M.C., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, D. A. (2010). Introduction to behavioral addictions, The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 233-241.
22. Ha, J. H., Chin, B., Park, D. H., Ryu, S. H., & Yu, J. (2008). Characteristics of excessive cellular phone use in Korean adolescents. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 783–784.
23. Haug, S., Castro, R. P., Kwon, M., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., & Schaub, M. P. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 299–307. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.037
24. Hawi, N., & Samaha, M. (2018). Identifying commonalities and differences in personality characteristics of internet and social media addiction profiles: Traits, self-esteem, and self-construal. Behaviour & Information Technology, 0, 1–10. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2018.1515984
25. Jensen-Campbell, L. A., & Graziano, W. G. (2001). Agreeableness as a moderator of interpersonal conflict. Journal of Personality, 69, 323-362.
26. Junco, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2012). The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers and Education, 59, 505-514. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.023
27. IDC/Facebook. (2013). Always connected: How smartphones and social keep us engaged. An IDC Research Report, sponsored by Facebook, https://fb-public.box.com/s/3iq5x6uwnqtq7ki4q8wk adresinden edinilmiştir.
28. Kim Y, Jeong JE, Cho H, Jung DJ, Kwak M, Rho MJ, et al. (2016). Personality factors predicting smartphone addiction predisposition: Behavioral inhibition and activation systems, impulsivity, and self-control. PLOS ONE, 11(8), e0159788.
29. Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Instagram addiction and the big five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking. Journal of Behavioral Addiction, 7(1), 158–70.
30. Kuss, D.R., & Griffiths, M.D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction: A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 3528-3552.
31. Kuss, D.J., Shorter, G.W., van Rooij, A.J., van de Mheen, D., & Griffiths, M.D. (2014). The internet addiction components model and personality: Establishing construct validity via a nomological network. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 312–321.
32. Kwon, M., Joon-Yeop, L,, Wang-Youn, W., Jae-Woo, P., Jung-Ah, M., Changtae, H., et al. (2013). Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), PLOS ONE, 8(2), e56936.
33. Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Romo, L., Morvan, Y., Kern, L., Graziani, P., et al. (2017). Self-reported dependence on mobile phones in young adults: A European cross-cultural empirical survey. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 168–177. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.020
34. Müller, K.W., Wölfling, K., Beutel, M.E., Stark, B., Quiring, O., Aufenanger, S., et al. (2018). Insights into aspects behind internet-related disorders in adolescents: the interplay of personality and symptoms of adjustment disorders. Journal of Adolescent Health. 62(2), 234–40.
35. Neuman, L. W. (2011). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. Noller, P., Law, H., & Comrey, A. L. (1987). Cattell, Comrey, and Eysenck personality factors compared: More evidence for the five robust factors? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 775-782.
36. Noyan. C.O., Darçın, A.E., Nurmedov, S., Yılmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16(1), 73-81.
37. Przepiorka, A., Blachnio, A., & Cudo, A. (2018). The role of depression, personality, and future time perspective in internet addiction in adolescents and emerging adults. Psychiatry Research, 272, 340–348. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.086
38. Roberts, J.A., Pullig, C., & Manolis, C. (2015). I need my smartphone: A hierarchical model of personality and cell-phone addiction. Personality Individual Differences, 79, 13–9.
39. Servidio, R. (2014). Exploring the effects of demographic factors, internet usage and personality traits on internet addiction in a sample of Italian university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.024
40. Sümer, N., Lajunen, T., & Özkan, T. (2005). Big five personality traits as the distal predictors of road accident involvement. G. Underwood (Ed.), Traffic and transport psychology: Theory and application içinde (s. 215–227). USA: Elsevier Inc.
41. Tossell, C., Kortum, P., Shepard, C., Rahmati, A., & Zhong, L. (2015). Exploring Smartphone Addiction: Insights from Long-Term Telemetric Behavioral Measures. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 9(2), 37-43.
42. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TUIK]. (2021). Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanımı araştırması. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2021-37437
43. Zheng, P., & Lionel, N. (2010). Smart phone & next generation mobile computing. Elsevier Inc.
44. Zhou, Y., Li, D., Li, X., Wang, Y., & Zhao, L. (2017). Big five personality and adolescent internet addiction: The mediating role of coping style. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 42–8.