Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Link between Loneliness and Well-being among Adults: Investigating the Mediating Roles of Perceived Stress and Affective Experiences

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 61, 1 - 22

Öz

This study aimed to investigate whether perceived stress and positive and negative experiences mediate the association between loneliness and well-being. The participants included 443 adults aged between 18 and 60 (M = 35.50, SD = 9.73, 59.14% female). The data were collected in June 2024 through an online survey that included the UCLA Loneliness Scale-8, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Positive and Negative Experience Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form. Pearson correlation was utilized to examine the associations between the variables, and the PROCESS macro was used to analyze the mediating roles of perceived stress and positive and negative experiences. The significance of indirect relationships was assessed using the bootstrapping technique. The analysis revealed significant correlations between the variables. Mediation analysis showed that loneliness positively predicted perceived stress and negative experience, and negatively predicted positive experience and well-being. Perceived stress and positive experience significantly predicted well-being; however, negative experience did not predict well-being, and its mediating role was not significant. Bootstrapping results indicated that loneliness significantly predicted well-being through perceived stress and positive experience. These results highlight the need for programs aimed at supporting adults' well-being to focus on reducing loneliness and perceived stress while enhancing positive affect.

Etik Beyan

The study protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Sinop University (No: 2024/133; Date: 31.05.2024). The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its following updates. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, G. (2021). Loneliness, college belongingness, subjective vitality, and psychological adjustment during coronavirus pandemic: development of the college belongingness questionnaire. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 5(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.47602/jpsp.v5i1.240
  • Arslantas, H., Adana, F., Ergin, F., Kayar, D., & Acar, G. (2015). Loneliness in elderly people, associated factors and its correlation with quality of life: A field study from Western Turkey. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 44, 43 - 50.
  • Balki, E. (2023). The indirect impact of educational attainment as a distal resource for older adults on loneliness, social isolation, psychological resilience, and technology use during the covid-19 pandemic: cross-sectional quantitative study. Jmir Aging, 6, e47729. https://doi.org/10.2196/47729
  • Beller, J. (2022). Loneliness and mortality: the moderating effect of positive affect. Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being, 15(1), 49-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12354
  • Birken, M., Chipp, B., Shah, P., Olive, R., Nyikavaranda, P., Hardy, J., … & Pitman, A. (2023). Exploring the experiences of loneliness in adults with mental health problems: a participatory qualitative interview study. Plos One, 18(3), e0280946. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280946
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • Cacioppo, J., Hughes, M., Waite, L., Hawkley, L., & Thisted, R. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140-151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140
  • Cinalioğlu, E. A., & Gazioğlu, E. İ. (2022). Psychological Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Loneliness, Social Support, and Sibling Relationships in Turkey. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth/Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 14(1), 102-123. https://doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29753
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • Cohn, M., Fredrickson, B., Brown, S., Mikels, J., & Conway, A. (2009). Happiness unpacked: positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience.. Emotion, 9 3, 361-8 . https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952
  • Cristóbal-Narváez, P., Haro, J., & Koyanagi, A. (2020). Perceived stress and depression in 45 low- and middle-income countries. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 799-805 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.020
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Del Giudice, M., Buck, C. L., Chaby, L. E., Gormally, B. M., Taff, C. C., Thawley, C. J., ... & Wada, H. (2018). What is stress? A systems perspective. Integrative and comparative biology, 58(6), 1019-1032. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy114
  • Demirci, İ. ve Akın, A. (2015). Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formu’nun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 49-64. http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/40/2076/21501.pdf
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
  • Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1993). The experience of emotional wellbeing. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 405–415). Guilford.
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New wellbeing measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11205-009-9493-y
  • Doğan, T., Çötok, N. A., & Göçet-Tekin, E. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) among university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15, 2058–2062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.053
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013, October). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Gentry, M. & Palmer, B. (2021). The “timbre” of loneliness in later life. International Psychogeriatrics, 33(12), 1233-1236. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221001046
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
  • Hays, R. D., & DiMatteo, M. R. (1987). A Short-Form Measure of Loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5101_6
  • Hou, P., Xue, H., Ping, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., Yao, Z., … & Liu, Y. (2022). Mediating effect of loneliness in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Brain Sciences, 12(10), 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101341
  • Kang, H., Park, M., & Wallace, J. (2018). The impact of perceived social support, loneliness, and physical activity on quality of life in south korean older adults. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(2), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.003
  • Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140.
  • Keyes, C. L. M., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A. & van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) in Setswana speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.572
  • Khalil, S., Khan, A., Batool, I., Khan, M. Z., & Tariq, S. R. (2022). Mental Distress, Perceived Stress and Resilience among Special Students during Covid-19 Pandemic. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(11), 99-99. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2022161142
  • Kong, F., Gong, X., Sajjad, S., Yang, K., & Zhao, J. (2019). How is emotional intelligence linked to life satisfaction? The mediating role of social support, positive affect and negative affect. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 2733-2745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-00069-4
  • Konno, Y., Nagata, M., Hino, A., Tateishi, S., Tsuji, M., Ogami, A., … & Fujino, Y. (2021). Association between loneliness and psychological distress: a cross-sectional study among japanese workers during the covid-19 pandemic. Preventive Medicine Reports, 24, 101621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101621
  • Kwag, K., Martin, P., Russell, D., Franke, W., & Kohut, M. (2011). The impact of perceived stress, social support, and home-based physical activity on mental health among older adults. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 72(2), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.2190/ag.72.2.c
  • Landmann, H. & Rohmann, A. (2021). When loneliness dimensions drift apart: emotional, social and physical loneliness during the covid‐19 lockdown and its associations with age, personality, stress and well‐being. International Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12772
  • Laustsen, L. M., Christiansen, J., Maindal, H. T., Plana-Ripoll, O., & Lasgaard, M. (2024). The longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress: A structural equation modelling analysis of 10,159 individuals. Scandinavian journal of public health, 52(4), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948231151716
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
  • Li, X., Ren, Z., Ji, T., Shi, H., Zhao, H., He, M., ... & Zhang, X. (2022). Association between perceived life stress and subjective well-being among Chinese perimenopausal women: a moderated mediation analysis. PeerJ, 10, e12787. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12787
  • Lloyd‐Evans, B., Bone, J., Pinfold, V., Billings, J., Frerichs, J., Fullarton, K., … & Jones, R. (2017). The community navigator study: a feasibility randomised controlled trial of an intervention to increase community connections and reduce loneliness for people with complex anxiety or depression. Trials, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2226-7
  • Long, C. R., & Averill, J. R. (2003). Solitude: An exploration of benefits of being alone. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00204
  • Luo, Q., & Shao, R. (2023). The positive and negative emotion functions related to loneliness: a systematic review of behavioural and neuroimaging studies. Psychoradiology, 3, kkad029. https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkad029
  • Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
  • Mäkiniemi, J., Oksanen, A., & Mäkikangas, A. (2021). Loneliness and well-being during the covid-19 pandemic: the moderating roles of personal, social and organizational resources on perceived stress and exhaustion among finnish university employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137146
  • Park, C., Majeed, A., Gill, H., Tamura, J., Ho, R., Mansur, R., Nasri, F., Lee, Y., Rosenblat, J., Wong, E., & McIntyre, R. (2020). The effect of loneliness on distinct health outcomes: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research 294, 113514. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2020.113514.
  • Peplau, H. (1994). Quality of Life: An Interpersonal Perspective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 7, 10 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/089431849400700107.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp. 1–18). John Wiley
  • Peplau, L.A. (1985). Loneliness research: Basic concepts and findings. In: Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R. (eds) Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications. NATO ASI Series, vol 24. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_15
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Quadt, L., Esposito, G., Critchley, H., & Garfinkel, S. (2020). Brain-body interactions underlying the association of loneliness with mental and physical health. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 283-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.015
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
  • Savci, C., Akıncı, A., Usenmez, S., & Keles, F. (2021). The effects of fear of covid-19, loneliness, and resilience on the quality of life in older adults living in a nursing home. Geriatric Nursing, 42(6), 1422-1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.09.012
  • Smith, K., Norman, G., & Decety, J. (2022). Increases in loneliness during medical school are associated with increases in individuals’ likelihood of mislabeling emotions as negative. Emotion, 22(4), 740-750. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000773
  • Soni, P., & Gawali, G. (2017). The Influence of Perceived Stress on various dimensions of Well Being. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 4(4), 335-542. https://doi.org/10.30877/ijmh.4.4.2017.335-342
  • Telef, B. B. (2015). The positive and negative experience scale adaptation for Turkish university students. European Scientific Journal, 11(14), 49–59.
  • VanderWeele, T., Hawkley, L., & Cacioppo, J. (2012). On the reciprocal association between loneliness and subjective well-being.. American journal of epidemiology, 176(9), 777-84 . https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws173
  • Wang, H., Hou, Y., Zhang, L., Yang, M., Deng, R., & Yao, J. (2022). Chinese elderly migrants' loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms: The mediation effect of perceived stress and resilience. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 998532. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.998532
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063
  • World Health Organization (2022, June 17). Mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
  • Xia, N. & Li, H. (2018). Loneliness, social isolation, and cardiovascular health. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 28(9), 837-851. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7312
  • Yıldırım, M., Arslan, G., & Wong, P. T. (2022). Meaningful living, resilience, affective balance, and psychological health problems among Turkish young adults during coronavirus pandemic. Current Psychology, 41(11), 7812-7823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01244-8

Yetişkinlerde Yalnızlık ve İyi Oluş Arasındaki Bağlantı: Algılanan Stres ve Duygusal Deneyimlerin Aracı Rollerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 61, 1 - 22

Öz

Bu çalışma, yalnızlık ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide algılanan stres, olumlu ve olumsuz duygusal yaşantıların aracılık rolünü incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Katılımcılar yaşları 18 ile 60 arasında değişen 443 yetişkin bireylerden oluşmaktadır (M = 35.50, SS = 9.73, %59.14 kadın). Araştırmanın verileri Haziran 2024’te UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği-8, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Olumlu ve Olumsuz Deneyim Ölçeği ve Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formunu içeren çevrimiçi bir veri toplama formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Algılanan stres, olumlu ve olumsuz deneyimlerin aracılık rollerini analiz etmek için PROCESS makro kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki dolaylı ilişkilerin anlamlılığı bootstrap analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, değişkenler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu göstermiştir. Aracılık analizi sonuçları, yalnızlığın algılanan stres ve olumsuz yaşantıyı pozitif yönde, olumlu yaşantı ve iyi oluşu ise negatif yönde yordadığını göstermiştir. Algılanan stres ve olumlu yaşantı iyi oluşu anlamlı düzeyde yordarken, olumsuz duygusal yaşantının iyi oluş üzerindeki doğrudan etkisi ve aracılık rolü anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Bootstrap sonuçları, yalnızlığın algılanan stres ve olumlu yaşantılar aracılığıyla iyi oluşu anlamlı şekilde yordadığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, yetişkinlerin iyi oluş düzeyini arttırmayı amaçlayan programların yalnızlığı ve algılanan stresi azaltmaya odaklanırken olumlu duyguları desteklemesi etkili olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, G. (2021). Loneliness, college belongingness, subjective vitality, and psychological adjustment during coronavirus pandemic: development of the college belongingness questionnaire. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 5(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.47602/jpsp.v5i1.240
  • Arslantas, H., Adana, F., Ergin, F., Kayar, D., & Acar, G. (2015). Loneliness in elderly people, associated factors and its correlation with quality of life: A field study from Western Turkey. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 44, 43 - 50.
  • Balki, E. (2023). The indirect impact of educational attainment as a distal resource for older adults on loneliness, social isolation, psychological resilience, and technology use during the covid-19 pandemic: cross-sectional quantitative study. Jmir Aging, 6, e47729. https://doi.org/10.2196/47729
  • Beller, J. (2022). Loneliness and mortality: the moderating effect of positive affect. Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being, 15(1), 49-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12354
  • Birken, M., Chipp, B., Shah, P., Olive, R., Nyikavaranda, P., Hardy, J., … & Pitman, A. (2023). Exploring the experiences of loneliness in adults with mental health problems: a participatory qualitative interview study. Plos One, 18(3), e0280946. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280946
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • Cacioppo, J., Hughes, M., Waite, L., Hawkley, L., & Thisted, R. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140-151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140
  • Cinalioğlu, E. A., & Gazioğlu, E. İ. (2022). Psychological Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Loneliness, Social Support, and Sibling Relationships in Turkey. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth/Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 14(1), 102-123. https://doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29753
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • Cohn, M., Fredrickson, B., Brown, S., Mikels, J., & Conway, A. (2009). Happiness unpacked: positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience.. Emotion, 9 3, 361-8 . https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952
  • Cristóbal-Narváez, P., Haro, J., & Koyanagi, A. (2020). Perceived stress and depression in 45 low- and middle-income countries. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 799-805 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.020
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Del Giudice, M., Buck, C. L., Chaby, L. E., Gormally, B. M., Taff, C. C., Thawley, C. J., ... & Wada, H. (2018). What is stress? A systems perspective. Integrative and comparative biology, 58(6), 1019-1032. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy114
  • Demirci, İ. ve Akın, A. (2015). Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formu’nun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 49-64. http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/40/2076/21501.pdf
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
  • Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1993). The experience of emotional wellbeing. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 405–415). Guilford.
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New wellbeing measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11205-009-9493-y
  • Doğan, T., Çötok, N. A., & Göçet-Tekin, E. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) among university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15, 2058–2062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.053
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013, October). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Gentry, M. & Palmer, B. (2021). The “timbre” of loneliness in later life. International Psychogeriatrics, 33(12), 1233-1236. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221001046
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
  • Hays, R. D., & DiMatteo, M. R. (1987). A Short-Form Measure of Loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5101_6
  • Hou, P., Xue, H., Ping, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., Yao, Z., … & Liu, Y. (2022). Mediating effect of loneliness in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Brain Sciences, 12(10), 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101341
  • Kang, H., Park, M., & Wallace, J. (2018). The impact of perceived social support, loneliness, and physical activity on quality of life in south korean older adults. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(2), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.003
  • Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140.
  • Keyes, C. L. M., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A. & van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) in Setswana speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.572
  • Khalil, S., Khan, A., Batool, I., Khan, M. Z., & Tariq, S. R. (2022). Mental Distress, Perceived Stress and Resilience among Special Students during Covid-19 Pandemic. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(11), 99-99. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2022161142
  • Kong, F., Gong, X., Sajjad, S., Yang, K., & Zhao, J. (2019). How is emotional intelligence linked to life satisfaction? The mediating role of social support, positive affect and negative affect. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 2733-2745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-00069-4
  • Konno, Y., Nagata, M., Hino, A., Tateishi, S., Tsuji, M., Ogami, A., … & Fujino, Y. (2021). Association between loneliness and psychological distress: a cross-sectional study among japanese workers during the covid-19 pandemic. Preventive Medicine Reports, 24, 101621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101621
  • Kwag, K., Martin, P., Russell, D., Franke, W., & Kohut, M. (2011). The impact of perceived stress, social support, and home-based physical activity on mental health among older adults. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 72(2), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.2190/ag.72.2.c
  • Landmann, H. & Rohmann, A. (2021). When loneliness dimensions drift apart: emotional, social and physical loneliness during the covid‐19 lockdown and its associations with age, personality, stress and well‐being. International Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12772
  • Laustsen, L. M., Christiansen, J., Maindal, H. T., Plana-Ripoll, O., & Lasgaard, M. (2024). The longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress: A structural equation modelling analysis of 10,159 individuals. Scandinavian journal of public health, 52(4), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948231151716
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
  • Li, X., Ren, Z., Ji, T., Shi, H., Zhao, H., He, M., ... & Zhang, X. (2022). Association between perceived life stress and subjective well-being among Chinese perimenopausal women: a moderated mediation analysis. PeerJ, 10, e12787. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12787
  • Lloyd‐Evans, B., Bone, J., Pinfold, V., Billings, J., Frerichs, J., Fullarton, K., … & Jones, R. (2017). The community navigator study: a feasibility randomised controlled trial of an intervention to increase community connections and reduce loneliness for people with complex anxiety or depression. Trials, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2226-7
  • Long, C. R., & Averill, J. R. (2003). Solitude: An exploration of benefits of being alone. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00204
  • Luo, Q., & Shao, R. (2023). The positive and negative emotion functions related to loneliness: a systematic review of behavioural and neuroimaging studies. Psychoradiology, 3, kkad029. https://doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkad029
  • Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
  • Mäkiniemi, J., Oksanen, A., & Mäkikangas, A. (2021). Loneliness and well-being during the covid-19 pandemic: the moderating roles of personal, social and organizational resources on perceived stress and exhaustion among finnish university employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137146
  • Park, C., Majeed, A., Gill, H., Tamura, J., Ho, R., Mansur, R., Nasri, F., Lee, Y., Rosenblat, J., Wong, E., & McIntyre, R. (2020). The effect of loneliness on distinct health outcomes: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research 294, 113514. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2020.113514.
  • Peplau, H. (1994). Quality of Life: An Interpersonal Perspective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 7, 10 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/089431849400700107.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp. 1–18). John Wiley
  • Peplau, L.A. (1985). Loneliness research: Basic concepts and findings. In: Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R. (eds) Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications. NATO ASI Series, vol 24. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_15
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Quadt, L., Esposito, G., Critchley, H., & Garfinkel, S. (2020). Brain-body interactions underlying the association of loneliness with mental and physical health. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 283-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.015
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
  • Savci, C., Akıncı, A., Usenmez, S., & Keles, F. (2021). The effects of fear of covid-19, loneliness, and resilience on the quality of life in older adults living in a nursing home. Geriatric Nursing, 42(6), 1422-1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.09.012
  • Smith, K., Norman, G., & Decety, J. (2022). Increases in loneliness during medical school are associated with increases in individuals’ likelihood of mislabeling emotions as negative. Emotion, 22(4), 740-750. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000773
  • Soni, P., & Gawali, G. (2017). The Influence of Perceived Stress on various dimensions of Well Being. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 4(4), 335-542. https://doi.org/10.30877/ijmh.4.4.2017.335-342
  • Telef, B. B. (2015). The positive and negative experience scale adaptation for Turkish university students. European Scientific Journal, 11(14), 49–59.
  • VanderWeele, T., Hawkley, L., & Cacioppo, J. (2012). On the reciprocal association between loneliness and subjective well-being.. American journal of epidemiology, 176(9), 777-84 . https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws173
  • Wang, H., Hou, Y., Zhang, L., Yang, M., Deng, R., & Yao, J. (2022). Chinese elderly migrants' loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms: The mediation effect of perceived stress and resilience. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 998532. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.998532
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063
  • World Health Organization (2022, June 17). Mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
  • Xia, N. & Li, H. (2018). Loneliness, social isolation, and cardiovascular health. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 28(9), 837-851. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7312
  • Yıldırım, M., Arslan, G., & Wong, P. T. (2022). Meaningful living, resilience, affective balance, and psychological health problems among Turkish young adults during coronavirus pandemic. Current Psychology, 41(11), 7812-7823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01244-8
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikolojik Danışmanlık Eğitimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Osman Hatun 0000-0001-8408-7286

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 61 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Hatun, O. (2025). The Link between Loneliness and Well-being among Adults: Investigating the Mediating Roles of Perceived Stress and Affective Experiences. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 61(61), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.1524365