Öz
Credit insurance is a risk management tool that secures the trade receivables of the suppliers arising from credit sales on open accounts against the commercial risks. The critical risk issues in our country still remain with regard to the commercial and political risks on exports which is mainly on open accounts and with regard to the domestic risks measured by bounced checks and protested notes. From the macroeconomic perspective, credit insurance is a trade finance instrument that affects the magnitude and the path of the local and the international trade flows and in turn the economic growth positively . In this study, the benefits of using credit insurance for companies have been analyzed and the effect of the growth of the credit insurance market on economic growth have been investigated by using the ampirical data. The private sector data which is mainly comprised of the insured local risks and the total sector data including private sector and Turk Eximbank have been evaluated seperately in this study. As the result of the study, it has been observed that the growth of the credit insurance market in both alternatives has an effect on economic growth as determined by Granger causality test.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Credit insurance open accounts commercial risks political risks economic growth
Kaynakça
- BEARD, Alan ve THOMAS, Richard , (2006), Trade Finance Handbook, Ohio: R.R.Donnely, Crawfordsville.
- CHAFFEAUR Jean Pierre ve Mariem MALOUCHE , (2011 ), Trade Finance During the Great Trade Collapse, The Wordbank.
- ERCAN , İsmail , (2012), İcra ve İflas Hukuku, 7. ci Baskı, İstanbul: On iki Levha Yayıncılık A.Ş.
- IŞIĞIÇOK , Erhan, (1994), Zaman Serilerinde Nedensellik Çözümlemesi, Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Basımevi.
- MALATYALI, Nihat Kamuran, (2008), Türk Sigorta Sektörü Orta Vadeli Gelişme Beklentileri, İstanbul: Türk Sigorta Enstitüsü Vakfı, Sigorta Araştırma ve İnceleme Yayınları, No: 13.
- NOMER, Haluk, (2012), Borçlar Kanunu, 12. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Basım A.Ş. İnternet Kaynakları:
- ADAMS , Mike , ANDERSSON, Jonas, ANDERSSON, Lars Fredrik ve LINDMARK , Magnus , “The Historical Relation Between Banking, Insurance and Economic Growth” , İsveç, 2007 http://neumann.hec.ca/gestiondesrisques/dim/Papers/Adams.pdf ( 22 .3. 2013 )
- AON, http://www.aon.com/risk-services/crisis-management/political-risks.jsp (19.10.2012)
- ARENA , Marco “Does Insurance Market Activity Promote Economic Growth ? A Cross Country Study for Industrialized and Developing Countries” Journal of Risk and Insurance , Vol. 75 , İssue 4, 2008, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/ 2006/12/14/000016406_20061214120343/Rendered/PDF/wps4098.pdf ( 22. 3. 2013 )
- ATKINSON, David. The Bexa guide to export Credit insurance in association with Euler Hermes, İngiltere, 2007, http://www.bexaweb.plus.com/files/BExAGuidefinalcontinuous.pdf (19 /10/2012 )
- Atradius, Economic Outlook, Mayıs 2013, http://global.atradius.com/images/stories/Publications/ economic_outlook/Economic_Outlook_May_2013.pdf (10. 6. 2013), s.34 Berne Union, http://www.berneunion.org/pdf/Berne%20Union%202012%20-%20Charts%20 and%20numbers%20for%20website.pdf ( 19. 4. 2013 ) Berne Union, http://www.berneunion.org/record-amount-of-trade-credit-insured-by-berne-unionmembers/, (19. 4. 2013 ).
- GORDON, Kathryn, (2008), “Investment Guarantees and Political Risk Insurance: Institutions, Incentives and Development”, OECD Investment Policy Perspectives, 2008, http://www.oecd.org /investment/investmentpolicy/44230805.pdf (19 .10. 2012)
- HAISS , Peter ve SUMEGI , Kjell, “ The relationship between Insurance and economic growth in Europe: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis” Empirica, vol: 35 issue 4, 2008, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10663-008-9075-2#page-1 (22 . 3. 2013 )
- ICISA, Trade Credit Insurance in Brief, http:// www.icisa.org/publications (19.10.2012)
- IMF, Financial Sector Assessment Handbook, “ Indicators of Financial Structure ,
- Development, and Soundness”, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fsa/eng/pdf/ch02.pdf (20.4.2013).
- JONES, Peter M, (2009) “Trade credit Insurance”, Worldbank. JUS, Miran , “ Credit Insurance”, İngiltere :Elsevier Publications , 2013.
- KETZNER , Joe, “An Overview of Credit Insurance by Euler Hermes, Business Credit”, C 109 no: 6, 2007 http://www.eulerhermes.us/en/documents/trade_credit_insurance_white_paper_- _july_2010.pdf/trade_credit_insurance_white_paper_-_july_2010.pdf ( 19.10.2012 ).
- KİNG, Robert ve LEVİNE , Ross, “Finance, Enterpreneurship and Growth , Theory and Evidence”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Sayı: 32, 1993, www.econ.brown.edu/fac/Ross_ Levine/Publication/1993_JME_Entrepreneurship.pdf ( 28.3.2013 )
- KÖSE Ali, Özgür AKPINAR ve İskender DEMİRBİLEK. “ Türk Sigorta sektöründe prim üretimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilşkisi ( 1981-2008 )” Türk Sigorta Enstitüsü Vakfı, http://www.mabsed.org/files/sigorta-sektorunde-prim-uretimi-ile-ekonomikbuyume-arasindaki-esbutunlesme-iliskisi-1981-2008.pdf (28.3.2013 )
- KUGLER, Maurice ve OFOGHI, Reza, “Does Insurance Promote Economic Growth ? Evidence from UK “ Money Macro and Finance Research Group Conference , 37th Annual Conference, Yunanistan , 2005, http://repec.org/mmfc05/paper8.pdf ( 22.3. 2013)
- ÖZTÜRK Nurettin, DARICI, Havva Kılıç ve KESİKOĞLU, Ferdi, “Ekonomik Büyüme ve Finansal Gelişme İlişkisi: Gelişmekte olan Piyasalar İçin bir panel Nedensellik Analizi”, Marmara Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 2011, Cilt XXX, Sayı 1, http://dosya.marmara.edu.tr/ikf/iib-dergi/2011-1/53-69ozturk-darici-kesikoglu.pdf.(28.3.2013).
- RİESTRA, Ampara San Jose, “Credit insurance in Europe, Impact, Measures and policy recommendation”, Centre for European policy Studies , 2003 ,http://aei.pitt.edu/9563/2/9563.pdf (19 .10. 2012 )
- TİM, http://www.tim.org.tr/tr/ihracat-ihracat-rakamlari-tablolar.html ( 19 .4. 2013).
- TCMB, Bankalararası Takas Merkezi, http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/bgm/oatim/btom_cek3/ btom_cek3.htm, ( 19 .4. 2013)
- TCMB, http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/bgm/rmm/Protestogiris.html, ( 19 .4. 2013 )
- TUİK, Ulusal Hesaplar, Harcama Yöntemi ile GSYH, www.tuik.gov.tr (29..4.2013 ) Türkiye Sigorta ve Reasürans Şirketleri Birliği, http://www.tsrsb.org.tr/tsrsb/istatistikler, (19.10.2012 )
- Türk Eximbank,http://www.eximbank.gov.tr/TR/belge/1-668/faaliyet-raporlari.html (13.4.2013)
- WARD , Damian ve ZURBRUEGGE, Ralf “Does Insurance Promote Economic Growth , evidence from OECD Countries” The Journal of Risk and Insurance , vol. 67, no:4, 2000, http://www.jstor.org/stable/253847. ( 22.3. 2013 ).
TİCARİ ALACAK RİSKLERİ YÖNETİMİNDE KREDİ SİGORTALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ, NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ
Öz
Kredi sigortası, tedarikçi şirketlerin açık hesap şeklinde gerçekleştirdikleri mal ve hizmet
sevkiyatından kaynaklanan ticari alacaklarını ticari risklere karşı güvence altına alan bir risk
yönetim aracıdır. Ülke ihracatının ağırlıklı olarak açık hesap satışlardan oluşması ve yurtiçi
ticarette yaygın olarak kullanılan çekte karşılıksız kalma oranları ve protestolu senet tutarları
maruz kalınan ticari ve politik riskler açısından değerlendirildiğinde kredi sigortası pazarının
gelişimi için kritik önem arzeden sebeplerdir. Makroekonomik açıdan değerlendirildiğinde kredi
sigortaları, ulusal ve uluslararası ticaretin akışını ve büyüklüğünü olumlu yönde etkileyen ve bu
yolla global ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlayan bir ticaret finansmanı aracıdır. Bu çalışmada kredi
sigortalarının şirketlere sağladığı faydalar üzerinde durulmuş ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki
etkisi ampirik veriler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yurtiçi risklerin ağırlıklı sigortalandığı özel sektör
pazarı ile özel sektör ve Türk Eximbank verilerinin toplamı çalışma içerisinde ayrı ayrı
değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda her iki alternatifte de, kredi sigortası sektöründeki
gelişimin ekonomik büyümeye etkisinin olduğu Granger nedensellik testi ile tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kredi sigortası açık hesap satışlar ticari riskler politik riskler ekonomik büyüme
Kaynakça
- BEARD, Alan ve THOMAS, Richard , (2006), Trade Finance Handbook, Ohio: R.R.Donnely, Crawfordsville.
- CHAFFEAUR Jean Pierre ve Mariem MALOUCHE , (2011 ), Trade Finance During the Great Trade Collapse, The Wordbank.
- ERCAN , İsmail , (2012), İcra ve İflas Hukuku, 7. ci Baskı, İstanbul: On iki Levha Yayıncılık A.Ş.
- IŞIĞIÇOK , Erhan, (1994), Zaman Serilerinde Nedensellik Çözümlemesi, Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Basımevi.
- MALATYALI, Nihat Kamuran, (2008), Türk Sigorta Sektörü Orta Vadeli Gelişme Beklentileri, İstanbul: Türk Sigorta Enstitüsü Vakfı, Sigorta Araştırma ve İnceleme Yayınları, No: 13.
- NOMER, Haluk, (2012), Borçlar Kanunu, 12. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Basım A.Ş. İnternet Kaynakları:
- ADAMS , Mike , ANDERSSON, Jonas, ANDERSSON, Lars Fredrik ve LINDMARK , Magnus , “The Historical Relation Between Banking, Insurance and Economic Growth” , İsveç, 2007 http://neumann.hec.ca/gestiondesrisques/dim/Papers/Adams.pdf ( 22 .3. 2013 )
- AON, http://www.aon.com/risk-services/crisis-management/political-risks.jsp (19.10.2012)
- ARENA , Marco “Does Insurance Market Activity Promote Economic Growth ? A Cross Country Study for Industrialized and Developing Countries” Journal of Risk and Insurance , Vol. 75 , İssue 4, 2008, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/ 2006/12/14/000016406_20061214120343/Rendered/PDF/wps4098.pdf ( 22. 3. 2013 )
- ATKINSON, David. The Bexa guide to export Credit insurance in association with Euler Hermes, İngiltere, 2007, http://www.bexaweb.plus.com/files/BExAGuidefinalcontinuous.pdf (19 /10/2012 )
- Atradius, Economic Outlook, Mayıs 2013, http://global.atradius.com/images/stories/Publications/ economic_outlook/Economic_Outlook_May_2013.pdf (10. 6. 2013), s.34 Berne Union, http://www.berneunion.org/pdf/Berne%20Union%202012%20-%20Charts%20 and%20numbers%20for%20website.pdf ( 19. 4. 2013 ) Berne Union, http://www.berneunion.org/record-amount-of-trade-credit-insured-by-berne-unionmembers/, (19. 4. 2013 ).
- GORDON, Kathryn, (2008), “Investment Guarantees and Political Risk Insurance: Institutions, Incentives and Development”, OECD Investment Policy Perspectives, 2008, http://www.oecd.org /investment/investmentpolicy/44230805.pdf (19 .10. 2012)
- HAISS , Peter ve SUMEGI , Kjell, “ The relationship between Insurance and economic growth in Europe: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis” Empirica, vol: 35 issue 4, 2008, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10663-008-9075-2#page-1 (22 . 3. 2013 )
- ICISA, Trade Credit Insurance in Brief, http:// www.icisa.org/publications (19.10.2012)
- IMF, Financial Sector Assessment Handbook, “ Indicators of Financial Structure ,
- Development, and Soundness”, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fsa/eng/pdf/ch02.pdf (20.4.2013).
- JONES, Peter M, (2009) “Trade credit Insurance”, Worldbank. JUS, Miran , “ Credit Insurance”, İngiltere :Elsevier Publications , 2013.
- KETZNER , Joe, “An Overview of Credit Insurance by Euler Hermes, Business Credit”, C 109 no: 6, 2007 http://www.eulerhermes.us/en/documents/trade_credit_insurance_white_paper_- _july_2010.pdf/trade_credit_insurance_white_paper_-_july_2010.pdf ( 19.10.2012 ).
- KİNG, Robert ve LEVİNE , Ross, “Finance, Enterpreneurship and Growth , Theory and Evidence”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Sayı: 32, 1993, www.econ.brown.edu/fac/Ross_ Levine/Publication/1993_JME_Entrepreneurship.pdf ( 28.3.2013 )
- KÖSE Ali, Özgür AKPINAR ve İskender DEMİRBİLEK. “ Türk Sigorta sektöründe prim üretimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilşkisi ( 1981-2008 )” Türk Sigorta Enstitüsü Vakfı, http://www.mabsed.org/files/sigorta-sektorunde-prim-uretimi-ile-ekonomikbuyume-arasindaki-esbutunlesme-iliskisi-1981-2008.pdf (28.3.2013 )
- KUGLER, Maurice ve OFOGHI, Reza, “Does Insurance Promote Economic Growth ? Evidence from UK “ Money Macro and Finance Research Group Conference , 37th Annual Conference, Yunanistan , 2005, http://repec.org/mmfc05/paper8.pdf ( 22.3. 2013)
- ÖZTÜRK Nurettin, DARICI, Havva Kılıç ve KESİKOĞLU, Ferdi, “Ekonomik Büyüme ve Finansal Gelişme İlişkisi: Gelişmekte olan Piyasalar İçin bir panel Nedensellik Analizi”, Marmara Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 2011, Cilt XXX, Sayı 1, http://dosya.marmara.edu.tr/ikf/iib-dergi/2011-1/53-69ozturk-darici-kesikoglu.pdf.(28.3.2013).
- RİESTRA, Ampara San Jose, “Credit insurance in Europe, Impact, Measures and policy recommendation”, Centre for European policy Studies , 2003 ,http://aei.pitt.edu/9563/2/9563.pdf (19 .10. 2012 )
- TİM, http://www.tim.org.tr/tr/ihracat-ihracat-rakamlari-tablolar.html ( 19 .4. 2013).
- TCMB, Bankalararası Takas Merkezi, http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/bgm/oatim/btom_cek3/ btom_cek3.htm, ( 19 .4. 2013)
- TCMB, http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/bgm/rmm/Protestogiris.html, ( 19 .4. 2013 )
- TUİK, Ulusal Hesaplar, Harcama Yöntemi ile GSYH, www.tuik.gov.tr (29..4.2013 ) Türkiye Sigorta ve Reasürans Şirketleri Birliği, http://www.tsrsb.org.tr/tsrsb/istatistikler, (19.10.2012 )
- Türk Eximbank,http://www.eximbank.gov.tr/TR/belge/1-668/faaliyet-raporlari.html (13.4.2013)
- WARD , Damian ve ZURBRUEGGE, Ralf “Does Insurance Promote Economic Growth , evidence from OECD Countries” The Journal of Risk and Insurance , vol. 67, no:4, 2000, http://www.jstor.org/stable/253847. ( 22.3. 2013 ).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 13 Ocak 2014 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 13 Ocak 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2013 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 9 |
