Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 12, 93 - 111, 20.04.2015
Emine Öner Kaya
,
Bekir Kaya
Öz
In order to determine the firm-specific factors affecting financial performance and the relationship between these factors and the performance, a panel data set of 102 observations were obtained for the sample of 17 life insurance companies operating in Turkey for the period 2008–2013. In this study, financial performance of insurance companies was measured by return on assets (ROA). As a result of the research, it has been identified that age of company and gross written premiums have a significant and positive effect on return on assets. However, size of company, current ratio, and insurance leverage ratio have a significant and negative impact on return on assets
Kaynakça
- ADAMS, M. ve M. BUCKLE (2003), “The Determinants of Corporate Financial Performance in the Bermuda Insurance Market”, Applied Financial Economics, 13(2), 133-143.
- AKOTEY, J.O., SACKEY, F.G., AMOAH, L. ve R.F. MANSO (2013), “The Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies in Ghana”, Journal of Risk Finance, The, 14(3), 286-302.
- ALMAJALI, A.Y., ALAMRO, S.A. ve Y.Z. AL-SOUB (2012), “Factors Affecting the Financial Performance of Jordanian Insurance Companies Listed at Amman Stock Exchange”, Journal of Management Research, 4(2), 266-289.
- ASTERIOU, D. ve S. G. HALL (2007), Applied Econometrics: A Modern Approach Using Eviews and Microfit, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- BALTAGI, B. H., and P. X. WU (1999), “Unequally spaced panel data regressions with AR(1) disturbances” Econometric Theory, 15, 814-823.
- BALTAGI, B.H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
- BAWA, S.K. ve S. CHATTHA (2013), “Financial Performance of Life Insurers in Indian Insurance Industry”, Pacific Business Review International, 6(5), 44-52.
- BHARGAVA, A., FRANZINI, L. ve W. NARENDRANATHAN (1982), “Serial Correlation and the Fixed Effect Model”, The Review of Economic Studies, 49(4), 533-549.
- BURCA, A.M. ve G. BATRINCA (2014), “The Determinants of Financial Performance in the Romanian Insurance Market”, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(1), 299-308.
- CHARUMATHI, B. (2012), “On the Determinants of Profitability of Indian Life Insurers – An Empirical Study”, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, WCE 2012, July 4-6, London, UK.
- CHIDAMBARAN, N.K., PUGEL, T.A.ve A. SAUNDERS (1997), “An Investigation of the Performance of the U.S. Property-Liability Insurance Industry”, The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 64(2), 371- 381.
- CUMMINS, J.D. ve M.A. WEISS (1998), “Analysing Firm Performance in the Insurance Industry Using Frontier Efficiency Methods”, FIC Discussion Paper, 98-22, Wharton School of University of Pennsylvania.
- ĆURAK, M., PEPUR, S. ve K. POPOSKI (2011), “Firm and Economic Factors and Performance: Croatian Composite Insurers”, The Business Review Cambridge, 19(1), 136-142.
- ÇETİN, M. ve E. ECEVİT (2010), “Sağlık Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Regresyon Analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 166-182.
- DOĞAN, M. (2013), “Sigorta Firmalarının Sermaye Yapısı ile Karlılık Arasındaki İliski: Türk Sermaye Piyasası Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (57), 121-136.
- GENÇ, Ö. (2002), “Sigortacılık Sektörü ve Türkiye’de Sigorta Sektörünün Fon Yaratma Kapasitesi”, Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş., Ankara.
- GENETAY, N. (1999), “Ownership Structure and Performance in UK Life Offices”, European Management Journal, 17(1), 107-115.
- GRACE, M.F. ve J.L. HOTCHKISS (1995), “External Impacts on The Property-Liability Insurance Cycle”, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 62(4), 738-754.
- GREENE, W. (2000), Econometric Analysis, Prentice–Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. GUJARATI, D.N. (2006), Temel Ekonometri, Çevirenler: Ümit Şenesen ve Gülay Günlük Şenesen, Dördüncü Basım, Literatür Yayınları.
- HAUSMAN, J. A. (1978), “Specification tests in econometrics”. Econometrica (46), 1251-1271.
- HRECHANIUK, B., LUTZ, S. ve O. TALAVERA (2007), “Do the Determinants of Insurer’s Performance in EU And Non-EU Members Differ?”, Working Paper, Ostroh Academy.
- KAHYA, M. (2000), “Sigorta Sektörünün Ekonomik Kalkınmadaki Yeri ve Önemi ile Fon Yaratma İşlevi ve Sermaye Piyasalarındaki Etkinliği”, Reasürör Dergisi, (37), 22-35.
- KOZAK, S. (2011), “Determinants of Profitability of Non-Life Insurance Companies in Poland During Integration With the European Financıal System”, Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 14(1), #01.
- KRAMARIC, T.P. ve F. GALETIC (2013), “The Influence of Reinsurance on Insurance Companies’ Profitability: Evidence from the Austrian, Croatian and Romanian Insurance Industry”, Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 3(6), 115-121.
- LEE, C.Y. (2014), “The Effects of Firm Specific Factors and Macroeconomics on Profitability of PropertyLiability Insurance Industry in Taiwan”, Asian Economic and Financial Review, 4(5), 681-691.
- MAJUMDAR, S.K. (1997), “The Impact of Size and Age on Firm-Level Performance: Some Evidence from India”, Review of Industrial Organization, 12, 231-241.
- MALIK, H. (2011), “Determinants of Insurance Companies Profitability: An Analysis of Insurance Sector of Pakistan”, Academic Research International, 1(3), 315-321.
- MEHARI, D. ve T. AEMIRO (2013), “Firm Specific Factors That Determine Insurance Companies’ Performance in Ethiopia”, European Scientific Journal, 9(10), 245-255.
- ÖNER KAYA, E. (2013), “Sigorta Sektöründe Sermaye Yeterliliği ve Türk Sigorta Sektörünün Solvency II Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi”, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- PERVAN, M., ĆURAK, M. ve I. MARIJANOVIC (2012), “Dynamic Panel Analysis of Bosnia and Herzegovina Insurance Companies’ Profitability”, Recent Researches in Business and Economics, 158-163.
- PRAIS, S. J., ve C. B. WINSTEN (1954), Trend estimators and serial correlation, Working Paper 383, Cowles Commission.
- SHIU, Y. (2004), “Determinants of United Kingdom General Insurance Company Performance”, British Actuarial Journal, 10, 1079-1110.
- SPILLER, R., (1972), “Ownership and Performance: Stock and Mutual Life Insurance Companies”, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 34, 17-25.
- Swiss Re, (2014), World Insurance in 2013: Steering Towards Recovery, Sigma, 3.
- TARGAN, Ü. (1994), “Sigorta Sektörünün Ekonomik İşlevi ve Fon Yaratma Kapasitesi”, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayını, Yayın No: 4.
- Türkiye Sigorta, Reasürans ve Emeklilik Şirketleri Birliği (TSB), Resmi İstatistikler - Genel Sigorta Verileri, <http://www.tsb.org.tr/resmi-istatistikler.aspx?pageID=909>, 21.03.2014.
- T.C. Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı, Sigorta ve Reasürans İle Emeklilik Şirketlerinin Sermaye Yeterliliklerinin Ölçülmesine ve Değerlendirilmesine İlişkin Yönetmelik, T.C. Resmi Gazete, 19.01.2008, Sayı: 26761.
- YERDELEN TATOĞLU, F. (2013), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, İkinci Baskı, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul.
TÜRKİYE’DE HAYAT SİGORTASI ŞİRKETLERİNİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINI BELİRLEYEN FİRMAYA ÖZGÜ FAKTÖRLER: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 12, 93 - 111, 20.04.2015
Emine Öner Kaya
,
Bekir Kaya
Öz
Finansal performansı etkileyen firmaya özgü faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve bu faktörler ile performans
arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla, 2008-2013 döneminde, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 17 hayat
sigortası şirketinin verileri bir araya getirilerek 102 gözlemli bir panel veri seti elde edilmiştir. Finansal
performansın ölçütü olarak aktif kârlılık oranının kullanıldığı araştırma neticesinde, brüt yazılan primler ve
şirket yaşının aktif kârlılık oranı üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Buna karşın, şirket büyüklüğü, cari oran ve sigorta kaldıraç oranı, aktif kârlılık oranı üzerinde
istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve olumsuz bir etkiye sahiptir.
Kaynakça
- ADAMS, M. ve M. BUCKLE (2003), “The Determinants of Corporate Financial Performance in the Bermuda Insurance Market”, Applied Financial Economics, 13(2), 133-143.
- AKOTEY, J.O., SACKEY, F.G., AMOAH, L. ve R.F. MANSO (2013), “The Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies in Ghana”, Journal of Risk Finance, The, 14(3), 286-302.
- ALMAJALI, A.Y., ALAMRO, S.A. ve Y.Z. AL-SOUB (2012), “Factors Affecting the Financial Performance of Jordanian Insurance Companies Listed at Amman Stock Exchange”, Journal of Management Research, 4(2), 266-289.
- ASTERIOU, D. ve S. G. HALL (2007), Applied Econometrics: A Modern Approach Using Eviews and Microfit, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- BALTAGI, B. H., and P. X. WU (1999), “Unequally spaced panel data regressions with AR(1) disturbances” Econometric Theory, 15, 814-823.
- BALTAGI, B.H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
- BAWA, S.K. ve S. CHATTHA (2013), “Financial Performance of Life Insurers in Indian Insurance Industry”, Pacific Business Review International, 6(5), 44-52.
- BHARGAVA, A., FRANZINI, L. ve W. NARENDRANATHAN (1982), “Serial Correlation and the Fixed Effect Model”, The Review of Economic Studies, 49(4), 533-549.
- BURCA, A.M. ve G. BATRINCA (2014), “The Determinants of Financial Performance in the Romanian Insurance Market”, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(1), 299-308.
- CHARUMATHI, B. (2012), “On the Determinants of Profitability of Indian Life Insurers – An Empirical Study”, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, WCE 2012, July 4-6, London, UK.
- CHIDAMBARAN, N.K., PUGEL, T.A.ve A. SAUNDERS (1997), “An Investigation of the Performance of the U.S. Property-Liability Insurance Industry”, The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 64(2), 371- 381.
- CUMMINS, J.D. ve M.A. WEISS (1998), “Analysing Firm Performance in the Insurance Industry Using Frontier Efficiency Methods”, FIC Discussion Paper, 98-22, Wharton School of University of Pennsylvania.
- ĆURAK, M., PEPUR, S. ve K. POPOSKI (2011), “Firm and Economic Factors and Performance: Croatian Composite Insurers”, The Business Review Cambridge, 19(1), 136-142.
- ÇETİN, M. ve E. ECEVİT (2010), “Sağlık Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Regresyon Analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 166-182.
- DOĞAN, M. (2013), “Sigorta Firmalarının Sermaye Yapısı ile Karlılık Arasındaki İliski: Türk Sermaye Piyasası Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (57), 121-136.
- GENÇ, Ö. (2002), “Sigortacılık Sektörü ve Türkiye’de Sigorta Sektörünün Fon Yaratma Kapasitesi”, Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş., Ankara.
- GENETAY, N. (1999), “Ownership Structure and Performance in UK Life Offices”, European Management Journal, 17(1), 107-115.
- GRACE, M.F. ve J.L. HOTCHKISS (1995), “External Impacts on The Property-Liability Insurance Cycle”, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 62(4), 738-754.
- GREENE, W. (2000), Econometric Analysis, Prentice–Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. GUJARATI, D.N. (2006), Temel Ekonometri, Çevirenler: Ümit Şenesen ve Gülay Günlük Şenesen, Dördüncü Basım, Literatür Yayınları.
- HAUSMAN, J. A. (1978), “Specification tests in econometrics”. Econometrica (46), 1251-1271.
- HRECHANIUK, B., LUTZ, S. ve O. TALAVERA (2007), “Do the Determinants of Insurer’s Performance in EU And Non-EU Members Differ?”, Working Paper, Ostroh Academy.
- KAHYA, M. (2000), “Sigorta Sektörünün Ekonomik Kalkınmadaki Yeri ve Önemi ile Fon Yaratma İşlevi ve Sermaye Piyasalarındaki Etkinliği”, Reasürör Dergisi, (37), 22-35.
- KOZAK, S. (2011), “Determinants of Profitability of Non-Life Insurance Companies in Poland During Integration With the European Financıal System”, Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 14(1), #01.
- KRAMARIC, T.P. ve F. GALETIC (2013), “The Influence of Reinsurance on Insurance Companies’ Profitability: Evidence from the Austrian, Croatian and Romanian Insurance Industry”, Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 3(6), 115-121.
- LEE, C.Y. (2014), “The Effects of Firm Specific Factors and Macroeconomics on Profitability of PropertyLiability Insurance Industry in Taiwan”, Asian Economic and Financial Review, 4(5), 681-691.
- MAJUMDAR, S.K. (1997), “The Impact of Size and Age on Firm-Level Performance: Some Evidence from India”, Review of Industrial Organization, 12, 231-241.
- MALIK, H. (2011), “Determinants of Insurance Companies Profitability: An Analysis of Insurance Sector of Pakistan”, Academic Research International, 1(3), 315-321.
- MEHARI, D. ve T. AEMIRO (2013), “Firm Specific Factors That Determine Insurance Companies’ Performance in Ethiopia”, European Scientific Journal, 9(10), 245-255.
- ÖNER KAYA, E. (2013), “Sigorta Sektöründe Sermaye Yeterliliği ve Türk Sigorta Sektörünün Solvency II Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi”, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- PERVAN, M., ĆURAK, M. ve I. MARIJANOVIC (2012), “Dynamic Panel Analysis of Bosnia and Herzegovina Insurance Companies’ Profitability”, Recent Researches in Business and Economics, 158-163.
- PRAIS, S. J., ve C. B. WINSTEN (1954), Trend estimators and serial correlation, Working Paper 383, Cowles Commission.
- SHIU, Y. (2004), “Determinants of United Kingdom General Insurance Company Performance”, British Actuarial Journal, 10, 1079-1110.
- SPILLER, R., (1972), “Ownership and Performance: Stock and Mutual Life Insurance Companies”, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 34, 17-25.
- Swiss Re, (2014), World Insurance in 2013: Steering Towards Recovery, Sigma, 3.
- TARGAN, Ü. (1994), “Sigorta Sektörünün Ekonomik İşlevi ve Fon Yaratma Kapasitesi”, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayını, Yayın No: 4.
- Türkiye Sigorta, Reasürans ve Emeklilik Şirketleri Birliği (TSB), Resmi İstatistikler - Genel Sigorta Verileri, <http://www.tsb.org.tr/resmi-istatistikler.aspx?pageID=909>, 21.03.2014.
- T.C. Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı, Sigorta ve Reasürans İle Emeklilik Şirketlerinin Sermaye Yeterliliklerinin Ölçülmesine ve Değerlendirilmesine İlişkin Yönetmelik, T.C. Resmi Gazete, 19.01.2008, Sayı: 26761.
- YERDELEN TATOĞLU, F. (2013), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, İkinci Baskı, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul.