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ANALYZING TIME-FREQUENCY NEXUS BETWEEN STOCK RETURNS AND BOND YIELDS THROUGH WAVELETS: THE CASE OF TURKEY – PART I

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 23, 459 - 494, 31.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.782972

Öz

This paper reinvestigates the stock-bond nexus using 605 weekly observations of stock index prices and the 2-year benchmark rate of Turkey over a sample period covering April 1, 2005, and December 30, 2016. By conducting a novel approach, wavelet analysis, we aimed to offer a deeper understanding of the relationship considering the investor's heterogeneities on investment periods. The results show weekly positive averages for all stock index returns but negative average for bond yields over time. Wavelets variance analysis reveals that the higher scale the lower volatility, namely, the most of fluctuations in returns is explained by short-term, suggesting that short-term investors should react to every fluctuation in their asset returns. Similarly, the stock market is found to be more volatile than the bond market. As expected, test findings highlight significantly negative stock-bond linkage. Wavelet cross-correlation results show significantly both positive and negative bidirectional causal linkages over higher wavelet-scales.
Keywords: Wavelets, lead-lag, wavelet variance, correlation, and cross-correlation.

Kaynakça

  • ABDULLAH, Ahmad M., SAITI, Buerhan, and MASIH, Abul M. M. (2014). Causality between stock market index and macroeconomic variables: a case study for Malaysia. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 56987. Available at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56987/1/MPRA_paper_56987.pdf
  • ABUGRI, Benjamin. A. (2008). Empirical relationship between macroeconomic volatility and stock returns: Evidence from Latin American markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(2): 396-410.
  • ACHARD, Sophie. (2012). R-Package Brainwaver: Basic wavelet analysis of multivariate time series with a visualisation and parametrisation using graph theory. R Package Version, 1.6.
  • ANDERSSON, Magnus, KRYLOVA, Elizaveta, and VÄHÄMAA, Sami. (2008). Why does the correlation between stock and bond returns vary over time?. Journal of Applied Financial Economics, 18(2): 139-151.
  • ANDRIEȘ, Alin M., IHNATOV, Iulian, and TIWARI, Aviral. K. (2014). Analyzing time–frequency relationship between interest rate, stock price and exchange rate through continuous wavelet. Economic Modelling, (41): 227-238.
  • APERGIS, Nicholas and ELEFTHERIOU, Sophia. (2002). Interest rates, inflation, and stock prices: the case of the Athens Stock Exchange. Journal of Policy Modeling, 24(3): 231-236.
  • ASGHARIAN, Hossein, CHRISTIANSEN, Charlotte, and HOU, Ai J. (2015). Macro-finance determinants of the long run stock–bond correlation: The DCC-MIDAS specification. Journal of Financial Econometrics, 14(3): 617-642.
  • BAE, Sung C. (1990). Interest rate changes and common stock returns of financial institutions: Revisited. Journal of Financial Research, 13(1): 71-79.
  • BAELE, Lieven, BEKAERT, Geert, and INGHELBRECHT, Koen. (2010). The determinants of stock and bond return comovements. The Review of Financial Studies, 23(6): 2374-2428.
  • BARAKAT, Mahmoud. R., ELGAZZAR, Sara H., and HANAFY, Khaled M. (2015). Impact of macroeconomic variables on stock markets: Evidence from emerging markets. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(1): 195.
  • BARSKY, Robert B. (1989). Why don’t the prices of stocks and bonds move together? American Economy Review, (79): 1132–1145.
  • BAUR, Dirk G., and LUCEY, Brian M. (2009). Flights and contagion – An empirical analysis of stock – bond correlations. Journal of Financial Stability, 5(4): 339-352.
  • BAYRACI, Selcuk, DEMIRALAY, Sercan, and GENCER, Hatice G. (2018). Stock-bond co-movements and flight-to-quality in G7 countries: a time-frequency analysis. Bulletin of Economic Research, 70(1).
  • BOHL, Martin T., SIKLOS, Pierre L., and WERNER, Thomas. (2003). Did the Bundesbank react to stock price movements?. Dt. Bundesbank.
  • BREITUNG, Jörg and CANDELON, Bertrand. (2006). Testing for short-and long run causality: A frequency-domain approach. Journal of Econometrics, 132(2): 363-378.
  • CAMPBELL, John Y. and AMMER, John. (1993). What moves the stock and bond markets? A variance decomposition for long-term asset returns. The Journal of Finance, 48(1): 3–37.
  • CAMPBELL, John Y. (1987). Stock returns and the term structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 18(2): 373-399.
  • CENEDESE, Gino and MALLUCCI, Enrico. (2016). What moves international stock and bond markets?. Journal of International Money and Finance, 60, 94-113.
  • CHEN, Carl R., MOHAN, Nancy J., and STEINER, Thomas L. (1999). Discount rate changes, stock market returns, volatility, and trading volume: Evidence from intraday data and implications for market efficiency. Journal of Banking & Finance, 23(6): 897-924.
  • CHRISTIE, Andrew A. (1982). The stochastic behavior of common stock variances: value, leverage and interest rate effects. Journal of Financial Economics, 10(4): 407-432.
  • ÇIFTER, Atilla and ÖZÜN, Alper. (2007). Multiscale systematic risk: an application on ISE-30. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 4288, available at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4288/1/MPRA_paper_4288.pdf
  • CONNOLLY, Robert, STIVERS, Chris, and Sun, Licheng. (2005). Stock market uncertainty and the stock-bond return relation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40(1): 161-194.
  • CROWLEY, Patrick M. (2007). A Guide to Wavelets for Economists. Journal of Economic Surveys, 21(2): 207-267.
  • DAJCMAN, Silvo. (2012). Comovement between stock and bond markets and the "flight-to-quality" during financial market turmoil–a case of the Eurozone countries most affected by the sovereign debt crisis of 2010–2011. Applied Economics Letters, 19(17): 1655-1662.
  • DAJCMAN, Silvo. (2013). Interdependence between some major European stock markets -a wavelet lead/lag analysis. Prague Economic Papers, 22(1): 28-49.
  • DAJCMAN, Silvo. (2015). An empirical investigation of the nexus between sovereign bond yields and stock market returns - a multiscale approach. Engineering Economics, 26(2): 108-117.
  • DAUBECHIES, Ingrid. (1992). Ten lectures on wavelets. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 61, 198-202.
  • DICKEY, David A. and FULLER, Wayne A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a): 427-431.
  • DIMIC, Nebojsa, KIVIAHO, Jarno, PILJAK, V., and ÄIJÖ, Janne. (2016). Impact of financial market uncertainty and macroeconomic factors on stock–bond correlation in emerging markets. Research in International Business and Finance, (36): 41-51.
  • DINENIS, Elias and STAIKOURAS, Sotiris K. (1998). Interest rate changes and common stock returns of financial institutions: evidence from the UK. The European Journal of Finance, 4(2): 113-127.,
  • DURAN, Murat, ÖZLÜ, Pınar, and ÜNALMIS, Deren. (2010). TCMB faiz kararlarinin hisse senedi piyasalari üzerine etkisi. Central Bank Review, 10(2): 23.
  • EKINCI, Ramazan, CEYLAN, Fatih, TÜZÜN, Osman, and KAHYAOĞLU, Hakan. (2016). TCMB ağırlıklı ortalama fonlama maliyetinin BİST100 üzerindeki etkisi. Journal of Yaşar University, 11(44): 263-277.
  • ELYASIANI, Elyas and MANSUR, Iqbal. (1998). Sensitivity of the bank stock returns distribution to changes in the level and volatility of interest rate: A GARCH-M model. Journal of Banking & Finance, 22(5): 535-563.
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ANALYZING TIME-FREQUENCY NEXUS BETWEEN STOCK RETURNS AND BOND YIELDS THROUGH WAVELETS: THE CASE OF TURKEY – PART I

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 23, 459 - 494, 31.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.782972

Öz

This paper reinvestigates the stock-bond nexus using 605 weekly observations of stock index prices and the 2-year benchmark rate of Turkey over a sample period covering April 1, 2005, and December 30, 2016. By conducting a novel approach, wavelet analysis, we aimed to offer a deeper understanding of the relationship considering the investor's heterogeneities on investment periods. The results show weekly positive averages for all stock index returns but negative average for bond yields over time. Wavelets variance analysis reveals that the higher scale the lower volatility, namely, the most of fluctuations in returns is explained by short-term, suggesting that short-term investors should react to every fluctuation in their asset returns. Similarly, the stock market is found to be more volatile than the bond market. As expected, test findings highlight significantly negative stock-bond linkage. Wavelet

Kaynakça

  • ABDULLAH, Ahmad M., SAITI, Buerhan, and MASIH, Abul M. M. (2014). Causality between stock market index and macroeconomic variables: a case study for Malaysia. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 56987. Available at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56987/1/MPRA_paper_56987.pdf
  • ABUGRI, Benjamin. A. (2008). Empirical relationship between macroeconomic volatility and stock returns: Evidence from Latin American markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(2): 396-410.
  • ACHARD, Sophie. (2012). R-Package Brainwaver: Basic wavelet analysis of multivariate time series with a visualisation and parametrisation using graph theory. R Package Version, 1.6.
  • ANDERSSON, Magnus, KRYLOVA, Elizaveta, and VÄHÄMAA, Sami. (2008). Why does the correlation between stock and bond returns vary over time?. Journal of Applied Financial Economics, 18(2): 139-151.
  • ANDRIEȘ, Alin M., IHNATOV, Iulian, and TIWARI, Aviral. K. (2014). Analyzing time–frequency relationship between interest rate, stock price and exchange rate through continuous wavelet. Economic Modelling, (41): 227-238.
  • APERGIS, Nicholas and ELEFTHERIOU, Sophia. (2002). Interest rates, inflation, and stock prices: the case of the Athens Stock Exchange. Journal of Policy Modeling, 24(3): 231-236.
  • ASGHARIAN, Hossein, CHRISTIANSEN, Charlotte, and HOU, Ai J. (2015). Macro-finance determinants of the long run stock–bond correlation: The DCC-MIDAS specification. Journal of Financial Econometrics, 14(3): 617-642.
  • BAE, Sung C. (1990). Interest rate changes and common stock returns of financial institutions: Revisited. Journal of Financial Research, 13(1): 71-79.
  • BAELE, Lieven, BEKAERT, Geert, and INGHELBRECHT, Koen. (2010). The determinants of stock and bond return comovements. The Review of Financial Studies, 23(6): 2374-2428.
  • BARAKAT, Mahmoud. R., ELGAZZAR, Sara H., and HANAFY, Khaled M. (2015). Impact of macroeconomic variables on stock markets: Evidence from emerging markets. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(1): 195.
  • BARSKY, Robert B. (1989). Why don’t the prices of stocks and bonds move together? American Economy Review, (79): 1132–1145.
  • BAUR, Dirk G., and LUCEY, Brian M. (2009). Flights and contagion – An empirical analysis of stock – bond correlations. Journal of Financial Stability, 5(4): 339-352.
  • BAYRACI, Selcuk, DEMIRALAY, Sercan, and GENCER, Hatice G. (2018). Stock-bond co-movements and flight-to-quality in G7 countries: a time-frequency analysis. Bulletin of Economic Research, 70(1).
  • BOHL, Martin T., SIKLOS, Pierre L., and WERNER, Thomas. (2003). Did the Bundesbank react to stock price movements?. Dt. Bundesbank.
  • BREITUNG, Jörg and CANDELON, Bertrand. (2006). Testing for short-and long run causality: A frequency-domain approach. Journal of Econometrics, 132(2): 363-378.
  • CAMPBELL, John Y. and AMMER, John. (1993). What moves the stock and bond markets? A variance decomposition for long-term asset returns. The Journal of Finance, 48(1): 3–37.
  • CAMPBELL, John Y. (1987). Stock returns and the term structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 18(2): 373-399.
  • CENEDESE, Gino and MALLUCCI, Enrico. (2016). What moves international stock and bond markets?. Journal of International Money and Finance, 60, 94-113.
  • CHEN, Carl R., MOHAN, Nancy J., and STEINER, Thomas L. (1999). Discount rate changes, stock market returns, volatility, and trading volume: Evidence from intraday data and implications for market efficiency. Journal of Banking & Finance, 23(6): 897-924.
  • CHRISTIE, Andrew A. (1982). The stochastic behavior of common stock variances: value, leverage and interest rate effects. Journal of Financial Economics, 10(4): 407-432.
  • ÇIFTER, Atilla and ÖZÜN, Alper. (2007). Multiscale systematic risk: an application on ISE-30. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 4288, available at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4288/1/MPRA_paper_4288.pdf
  • CONNOLLY, Robert, STIVERS, Chris, and Sun, Licheng. (2005). Stock market uncertainty and the stock-bond return relation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40(1): 161-194.
  • CROWLEY, Patrick M. (2007). A Guide to Wavelets for Economists. Journal of Economic Surveys, 21(2): 207-267.
  • DAJCMAN, Silvo. (2012). Comovement between stock and bond markets and the "flight-to-quality" during financial market turmoil–a case of the Eurozone countries most affected by the sovereign debt crisis of 2010–2011. Applied Economics Letters, 19(17): 1655-1662.
  • DAJCMAN, Silvo. (2013). Interdependence between some major European stock markets -a wavelet lead/lag analysis. Prague Economic Papers, 22(1): 28-49.
  • DAJCMAN, Silvo. (2015). An empirical investigation of the nexus between sovereign bond yields and stock market returns - a multiscale approach. Engineering Economics, 26(2): 108-117.
  • DAUBECHIES, Ingrid. (1992). Ten lectures on wavelets. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 61, 198-202.
  • DICKEY, David A. and FULLER, Wayne A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a): 427-431.
  • DIMIC, Nebojsa, KIVIAHO, Jarno, PILJAK, V., and ÄIJÖ, Janne. (2016). Impact of financial market uncertainty and macroeconomic factors on stock–bond correlation in emerging markets. Research in International Business and Finance, (36): 41-51.
  • DINENIS, Elias and STAIKOURAS, Sotiris K. (1998). Interest rate changes and common stock returns of financial institutions: evidence from the UK. The European Journal of Finance, 4(2): 113-127.,
  • DURAN, Murat, ÖZLÜ, Pınar, and ÜNALMIS, Deren. (2010). TCMB faiz kararlarinin hisse senedi piyasalari üzerine etkisi. Central Bank Review, 10(2): 23.
  • EKINCI, Ramazan, CEYLAN, Fatih, TÜZÜN, Osman, and KAHYAOĞLU, Hakan. (2016). TCMB ağırlıklı ortalama fonlama maliyetinin BİST100 üzerindeki etkisi. Journal of Yaşar University, 11(44): 263-277.
  • ELYASIANI, Elyas and MANSUR, Iqbal. (1998). Sensitivity of the bank stock returns distribution to changes in the level and volatility of interest rate: A GARCH-M model. Journal of Banking & Finance, 22(5): 535-563.
  • ERDEM, Cumhur, ARSLAN, Cem K., and ERDEM, Sema M. (2005). Effects of macroeconomic variables on Istanbul stock exchange indexes. Applied Financial Economics, 15(14): 987-994.
  • FAMA, Eugene. F., and FRENCH, Kenneth R. (1989). Business conditions and expected returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics, 25(1): 23-49.
  • FERNANDEZ, Viviana. (2005). Time-scale decomposition of price transmission in international markets. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 41(4): 57-90.
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  • KONTONIKAS, Alexandros, MACDONALD, Ronald, and SAGGU, Aman. (2013). Stock market reaction to Fed funds rate surprises: State dependence and the financial crisis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(11): 4025-4037.
  • KORKEAMÄKI, Timo. (2011). Interest rate sensitivity of the European stock markets before and after the euro introduction. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(5): 811-831.
  • KWIATKOWSKI, Denis, PHILLIPS, Peter C. B., SCHMIDT, Peter, and SHIN, Yongcheol. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?. Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3): 159-178.
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  • TIWARI, Aviral K. (2012). Decomposing time-frequency relationship between interest rates and share prices in India through wavelets. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 2692, available at http://www.iei1946.it/RePEc/ccg/TIWARI%20515_531.pdf
  • UDEGBUNAM, Raphael I., and OAIKHENAN, Hassan E. (2012). Interest rate risk of stock prices in Nigeria: empirical test of the duration and convexity model. Journal of Emerging Market Finance, 11(1): 93-113.
  • UYAR, Umut, UYAR, Sinem K., and GÖKÇE, Altan. (2016). Gösterge faiz oranı dalgalanmaları ve BIST endeksleri arasındaki ilişkinin eşanlı kantil regresyon ile analizi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 16(4): 587-598.
  • WHITCHER, Brandon. J. (2005). Waveslim: Basic wavelet routines for one-, two-and three-dimensional signal processing. R Package Version, 1(3).
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Toplam 98 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Remzi Gök

Erhan Çankal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 23

Kaynak Göster

APA Gök, R., & Çankal, E. (2020). ANALYZING TIME-FREQUENCY NEXUS BETWEEN STOCK RETURNS AND BOND YIELDS THROUGH WAVELETS: THE CASE OF TURKEY – PART I. Finansal Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(23), 459-494. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.782972