KLASİK PONZİ GİRİŞİMCİLİKTEN DİJİTAL PONZİ GİRİŞİMCİLİĞE: BENZER TAKTİKLER, FARKLI PLATFORMLAR

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 26, 18 - 54, 31.01.2022

Esra Bulut

https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.1055180

Cited By: 3

Öz

Ponzi girişimcilik, finansal aracılık hizmetlerinde dijitalleşme ile birlikte yeni bir döneme girmiş bulunmaktadır. Dijitalleşme, finansal piyasalarda bilgi asimetrisini ve belirsizlikleri artıran merkeziyetsiz bir yapı ortaya çıkarmakta ve Ponzi girişimcilerin faaliyetlerini yürütebilecekleri oldukça elverişli bir ortam sağlamaktadır. Ponzi girişimciler, dijitalleşmiş finansal hizmetler ekonomisinde, Ponzi girişimciliğin karanlık yüzünü kolaylıkla gizleyebilmektedirler. Bu duruma eşlik eden yetersiz yatırımcı farkındalığı, Ponzi girişimcilerin faaliyetlerini yürütmelerini daha kolay hâle getirmektedir. Ponzi girişimciler, günümüzde klasik Ponzi taktiklerini kullanarak, faaliyetlerini FinTek gelişmeleri olan “kripto para” piyasalarına ve “kitle fonlaması” platformlarına yönlendirmektedirler. Böylece, klasik Ponzi girişimcilik, dijital Ponzi girişimcilik olarak yeni bir boyut kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital Ponzi şemalarına karşı yatırımcı farkındalığı oluşmasına ve yaşanabilecek olası mağduriyetlerin önlenmesine katkı sağlamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmada, Ponzi girişimcilik yıkıcı girişimciliğin bir türü olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada ilk aşamada klasik Ponzi girişimcilik taktikleri dünyada yaşanmış belirgin Ponzi şemaları üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Ardından, dijital Ponzi girişimcilerin kripto para piyasaları ile bir kitle fonlaması türü olan kişiler arası kredi platformlarında benzer taktikleri kullandıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın, dijital Ponzi şemalarına karşı erken uyarı mekanizması oluşturma, yatırımcı farkındalığı kazandırma ve yıkıcı girişimciliğin mağdur edici etkilerini önleme bağlamında önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ponzi Girişimcilik, Ponzi Şemaları, Dijital Ponzi Girişimcilik, Kripto Para, Kişiler Arası Kredi

Kaynakça

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