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KARBON EMİSYONLARI, ORTA VE YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİLİ SEKTÖRLER VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN YENİDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: GELİŞMEKTE OLAN AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ İÇİN U-ŞEKLİNDE BULGULAR

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 26, 273 - 284, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.1055279

Öz

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin yüksek büyüme oranlarını sürdürürken karşı karşıya kaldıkları en büyük problemlerden biri çevre kirliğidir. Ekonomik büyüme, çevre kirliliği arasındaki ilişki literatürde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi kapsamında ele alınmaktadır. Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi bağlamında yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir kısmı ekonomik büyüme ile CO2 emisyonları arasında ters-U şeklinde bir ilişki olduğunu tespit etmiştir. Bu çalışmada 2001-2018 yılları arasında gelişmekte olan 8 Avrupa ülkesinde kişi başına düşen gelir ile CO2 emisyonları arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Daha önce yapılmış çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışmada orta ve yüksek teknoloji ürünlerinin katma değerinin CO2 emisyonları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiş ve analiz edilen zaman periyodunun CO2 emisyonlarının daha güncel halini temsil etmesi sağlanmıştır. Panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan çalışmada gelişmekte olan Avrupa ülkelerinde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi’nin literatürdeki çalışmaların çoğundan farklı olarak U- biçiminde olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuca ek olarak orta ve yüksek teknolojili endüstrilerin katma değeri CO2 emisyonları üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir ve orta ve yüksek teknolojili endüstrilerin katma değerindeki artış CO2 emisyonlarını azaltmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • ALLARD, Alexandra, TAKMAN, Johanna, UDDIN, Gazi Salah, AHMED, Ali. (2018). “The N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical evaluation using a panel quantile regression approach”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(6), 5848-5861.
  • AROURI, Mohamed El Hedi, YOUSSEF, Adel Ben, M'HENNI, Hatem, RAULT, Christophe. (2012). “Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Middle East and North African countries”. Energy Policy, 45, 342-349.
  • ARROW, Kenneth, BOLIN, Bert, COSTANZA, Robert, DASGUPTA, Partha, FOLKE, Carl, HOLLING, CS, . . . PERRINGS, Charles. (1996). “Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment”. Environment and Development Economics, 1(1), 104-110.
  • BANK, World. (2020). World development indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#
  • BO, Sun. (2011). “A literature survey on environmental Kuznets curve”. Energy Procedia, 5, 1322-1325.
  • BORGHESI, Simone. (2001). “The environmental Kuznets curve: a critical survey”. Economic institutions and environmental policy, 201-224.
  • CHEN, Ping-Yu, CHEN, Sheng-Tung, HSU, Chia-Sheng, CHEN, Chi-Chung. (2016). “Modeling the global relationships among economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 420-431.
  • CHERNIWCHAN, Jevan, COPELAND, Brian R, TAYLOR, M Scott. (2017). “Trade and the environment: New methods, measurements, and results”. Annual Review of Economics, 9, 59-85.
  • DASGUPTA, Susmita, LAPLANTE, Benoit, WANG, Hua, WHEELER, David. (2002). “Confronting the environmental Kuznets curve”. Journal of economic perspectives, 16(1), 147-168.
  • DEMISSEW BEYENE, Sisay, KOTOSZ, Balázs. (2020). “Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: an empirical study for East African countries”. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 77(4), 636-654.
  • DINDA, Soumyananda. (2004). “Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey”. Ecological economics, 49(4), 431-455.
  • FREES, Edward W. (1995). “Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data”. Journal of econometrics, 69(2), 393-414.
  • FRIEDMAN, Milton. (1937). “The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance”. Journal of the american statistical association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • GROSSMAN, Gene M, KRUEGER, Alan B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement (0898-2937). Retrieved from
  • JALIL, Abdul, MAHMUD, Syed F. (2009). “Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: a cointegration analysis for China”. Energy Policy, 37(12), 5167-5172.
  • JEBLI, Mehdi Ben, YOUSSEF, Slim Ben, OZTURK, Ilhan. (2016). “Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries”. Ecological Indicators, 60, 824-831.
  • KANG, Yan-Qing, ZHAO, Tao, YANG, Ya-Yun. (2016). “Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions in China: A spatial panel data approach”. Ecological Indicators, 63, 231-239.
  • KAUFMANN, Robert K, DAVIDSDOTTIR, Brynhildur, GARNHAM, Sophie, PAULY, Peter. (1998). “The determinants of atmospheric SO2 concentrations: reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve”. Ecological economics, 25(2), 209-220.
  • KIJIMA, Masaaki, NISHIDE, Katsumasa, OHYAMA, Atsuyuki. (2010). “Economic models for the environmental Kuznets curve: A survey”. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 34(7), 1187-1201.
  • KUZNETS, Simon. (1955). “Economic growth and income inequality”. The American economic review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • LORENTE, DB, ALVAREZ-HERRANZ, A. (2016). “An approach to the effect of energy innovation on environmental Kuznets curve: An introduction to inflection point”. Bulletin of Energy Economics, 4(3), 224-233.
  • PANAYOTOU, Theodore. (1993). Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development. Retrieved from
  • PAO, Hsiao-Tien, TSAI, Chung-Ming. (2010). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in BRIC countries”. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7850-7860.
  • PESARAN, HM. (2004). “General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels”. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435.
  • PETROL, British. (2020). BP statistical review of world energy. https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html
  • SABOORI, Behnaz, SULAIMAN, Jamalludin, MOHD, Saidatulakmal. (2012). “Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve”. Energy Policy, 51, 184-191.
  • SHAFIK, Nemat, BANDYOPADHYAY, Sushenjit. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: time-series and cross-country evidence (Vol. 904): World Bank Publications.
  • SHAHBAZ, Muhammad, HYE, Qazi Muhammad Adnan, TIWARI, Aviral Kumar, LEITÃO, Nuno Carlos. (2013). “Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 109-121.
  • SINHA, Avik, SHAHBAZ, Muhammad. (2018). “Estimation of environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emission: role of renewable energy generation in India”. Renewable Energy, 119, 703-711.
  • TATOĞLU, FY. (2013). “Panel veri ekonometrisi (2. bs.)”. İstanbul: Beta Basım AŞ ISBN: 978-605-333-003, 5.
  • WANG, SS, ZHOU, DQ, ZHOU, Peng, WANG, QW. (2011). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China: A panel data analysis”. Energy Policy, 39(9), 4870-4875.
  • ZHANG, Chuanguo, ZHAO, Wei. (2014). “Panel estimation for income inequality and CO2 emissions: A regional analysis in China”. Applied Energy, 136, 382-392.

REVISITING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBON EMISSIONS, MEDIUM AND HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: U-SHAPED EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPING EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 26, 273 - 284, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.1055279

Öz

Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems faced by the developing countries while sustaining their growth rates. The relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution is dealt with within the context of Environmental Kuznets Curve in literature. Most of the studies conducted within the context of Environmental Kuznets Curve have established that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. This study has been designed to analyse the relationship between the income per capita and CO2 emissions in 8 developing European countries between 2001 and 2018. Unlike the previous studies, in this study the effect of the added value of the medium and high-tech products on CO2 emissions has been analysed and the analysed time period has been made to represent the more updated state of CO2 emissions. In this study conducted by using the panel data analysis method, unlike in most of the studies in literature, it has been found out that Environmental Kuznets Curve is U-shaped. Besides, the added value of the medium and high-tech products has a statistically significant effect on CO2 emissions, and the increase in the added value of the medium and high-tech products reduces CO2 emissions.

Kaynakça

  • ALLARD, Alexandra, TAKMAN, Johanna, UDDIN, Gazi Salah, AHMED, Ali. (2018). “The N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical evaluation using a panel quantile regression approach”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(6), 5848-5861.
  • AROURI, Mohamed El Hedi, YOUSSEF, Adel Ben, M'HENNI, Hatem, RAULT, Christophe. (2012). “Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Middle East and North African countries”. Energy Policy, 45, 342-349.
  • ARROW, Kenneth, BOLIN, Bert, COSTANZA, Robert, DASGUPTA, Partha, FOLKE, Carl, HOLLING, CS, . . . PERRINGS, Charles. (1996). “Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment”. Environment and Development Economics, 1(1), 104-110.
  • BANK, World. (2020). World development indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#
  • BO, Sun. (2011). “A literature survey on environmental Kuznets curve”. Energy Procedia, 5, 1322-1325.
  • BORGHESI, Simone. (2001). “The environmental Kuznets curve: a critical survey”. Economic institutions and environmental policy, 201-224.
  • CHEN, Ping-Yu, CHEN, Sheng-Tung, HSU, Chia-Sheng, CHEN, Chi-Chung. (2016). “Modeling the global relationships among economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 420-431.
  • CHERNIWCHAN, Jevan, COPELAND, Brian R, TAYLOR, M Scott. (2017). “Trade and the environment: New methods, measurements, and results”. Annual Review of Economics, 9, 59-85.
  • DASGUPTA, Susmita, LAPLANTE, Benoit, WANG, Hua, WHEELER, David. (2002). “Confronting the environmental Kuznets curve”. Journal of economic perspectives, 16(1), 147-168.
  • DEMISSEW BEYENE, Sisay, KOTOSZ, Balázs. (2020). “Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: an empirical study for East African countries”. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 77(4), 636-654.
  • DINDA, Soumyananda. (2004). “Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey”. Ecological economics, 49(4), 431-455.
  • FREES, Edward W. (1995). “Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data”. Journal of econometrics, 69(2), 393-414.
  • FRIEDMAN, Milton. (1937). “The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance”. Journal of the american statistical association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • GROSSMAN, Gene M, KRUEGER, Alan B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement (0898-2937). Retrieved from
  • JALIL, Abdul, MAHMUD, Syed F. (2009). “Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: a cointegration analysis for China”. Energy Policy, 37(12), 5167-5172.
  • JEBLI, Mehdi Ben, YOUSSEF, Slim Ben, OZTURK, Ilhan. (2016). “Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries”. Ecological Indicators, 60, 824-831.
  • KANG, Yan-Qing, ZHAO, Tao, YANG, Ya-Yun. (2016). “Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions in China: A spatial panel data approach”. Ecological Indicators, 63, 231-239.
  • KAUFMANN, Robert K, DAVIDSDOTTIR, Brynhildur, GARNHAM, Sophie, PAULY, Peter. (1998). “The determinants of atmospheric SO2 concentrations: reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve”. Ecological economics, 25(2), 209-220.
  • KIJIMA, Masaaki, NISHIDE, Katsumasa, OHYAMA, Atsuyuki. (2010). “Economic models for the environmental Kuznets curve: A survey”. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 34(7), 1187-1201.
  • KUZNETS, Simon. (1955). “Economic growth and income inequality”. The American economic review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • LORENTE, DB, ALVAREZ-HERRANZ, A. (2016). “An approach to the effect of energy innovation on environmental Kuznets curve: An introduction to inflection point”. Bulletin of Energy Economics, 4(3), 224-233.
  • PANAYOTOU, Theodore. (1993). Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development. Retrieved from
  • PAO, Hsiao-Tien, TSAI, Chung-Ming. (2010). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in BRIC countries”. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7850-7860.
  • PESARAN, HM. (2004). “General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels”. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435.
  • PETROL, British. (2020). BP statistical review of world energy. https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html
  • SABOORI, Behnaz, SULAIMAN, Jamalludin, MOHD, Saidatulakmal. (2012). “Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve”. Energy Policy, 51, 184-191.
  • SHAFIK, Nemat, BANDYOPADHYAY, Sushenjit. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: time-series and cross-country evidence (Vol. 904): World Bank Publications.
  • SHAHBAZ, Muhammad, HYE, Qazi Muhammad Adnan, TIWARI, Aviral Kumar, LEITÃO, Nuno Carlos. (2013). “Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 109-121.
  • SINHA, Avik, SHAHBAZ, Muhammad. (2018). “Estimation of environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emission: role of renewable energy generation in India”. Renewable Energy, 119, 703-711.
  • TATOĞLU, FY. (2013). “Panel veri ekonometrisi (2. bs.)”. İstanbul: Beta Basım AŞ ISBN: 978-605-333-003, 5.
  • WANG, SS, ZHOU, DQ, ZHOU, Peng, WANG, QW. (2011). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China: A panel data analysis”. Energy Policy, 39(9), 4870-4875.
  • ZHANG, Chuanguo, ZHAO, Wei. (2014). “Panel estimation for income inequality and CO2 emissions: A regional analysis in China”. Applied Energy, 136, 382-392.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Büşra Şimşek

Halil Tunalı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 26

Kaynak Göster

APA Şimşek, B., & Tunalı, H. (2022). REVISITING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBON EMISSIONS, MEDIUM AND HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: U-SHAPED EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPING EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. Finansal Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 14(26), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.1055279