İdarenin Gözetim Yetkisi ve Öğrenci Mahremiyeti: Okullardaki Güvenlik Kameralarının Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Bağlamında Hukuki Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, okullarda güvenlik kameralarının kullanımını kişisel verilerin korunması bağlamında hukuki açıdan incelemektedir. Artan güvenlik ihtiyacı ile öğrenci mahremiyeti arasındaki hassas dengeyi ele alan makale, konuyu Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü (GDPR) ve Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu (KVKK) çerçevesinde değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada, kamera gözetiminin hukuki dayanakları, ölçülülük ilkesi bağlamında uygulanması, kameraların konumlandırılması ve yüz tanıma sistemleri gibi konular ele alınmaktadır. Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi'nin yaklaşımı, Avrupa ülkeleri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Türkiye'deki uygulamalar karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmekte, özellikle anaokulu ve özel eğitim sınıfları gibi özel durumlar ayrıca değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma, okullarda güvenlik kamerası kullanımının yasal zorunluluklara uygunluğu, özel hayata saygı hakkına en az müdahale eden güvenlik araçlarının seçimi ve İdare'nin gözetim yetkisi ile öğrenci mahremiyeti arasında optimal bir denge kurulması gerekliliği sonucuna varmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, güvenlik ihtiyacı ile kişisel verilerin korunması arasındaki dengenin, ulusal ve uluslararası hukuki çerçeve içerisinde, ölçülülük ilkesi gözetilerek sağlanması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• okul güvenlik kameraları
• öğrenci mahremiyeti
• İdarenin gözetim yetkisi
• ölçülülük ilkesi
• KVKK ve GDPR

Surveillance Power of the Administration and Student Privacy: Legal Analysis of Security Cameras in Schools in The Context of Personal Data Protection

Öz

This study examines the use of security cameras in schools from a legal perspective in the context of personal data protection. Addressing the delicate balance between the increasing need for security and student privacy, the article evaluates the issue within the framework of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK). The article discusses the legal basis of camera surveillance, its application in the context of the principle of proportionality, the positioning of cameras and facial recognition systems. The approach of the European Court of Human Rights, the practices in European countries, the United States of America and Türkiye are examined comparatively, and special cases such as kindergartens and special education classes are evaluated separately. The study concludes that the use of surveillance cameras in schools should be in compliance with legal obligations, the selection of security tools that least interfere with the right to respect for private life, and the need to strike an optimal balance between the surveillance authority of the Administration and student privacy. In this context, it is emphasized that the balance between the need for security and the protection of personal data should be ensured within the national and international legal framework by observing the principle of proportionality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• school security cameras
• student privacy
• surveillance power of the administration
• principle of proportionality
• KVKK and GDPR

Kaynakça

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