Büyük Doğu Japonya Depremi Sonrası Japon Mevzuatında Görülen Eksikliklerin Düzeltilmesi Bağlamında Deprem ve Hukuk

Öz

Japonya coğrafi konumu itibariyle sık sık deprem ve tsunami gibi doğal felaketlerle karşı karşıya kalan bir ülkedir. Bu nedenle geçmişten beri doğal felaketler hususunda çok kapsamlı bir mevzuata sahip olmuştur. Ancak 11 Mart 2011 tarihinde yaşanan 9.0 büyüklüğündeki deprem bu kapsamlı mevzuatın aynı anda yaşanabilecek felaketler karşısında yetersiz kalabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Öyle ki deprem sonucu meydana gelen tsunami nükleer ölçekte bir krize neden olmuş, arka arkaya yaşanan bu üç felaket (deprem, tsunami ve nükleer sızıntı) sebebiyle mevcut afetle mücadele araçları etkisiz kalmıştır. Bunun üzerine Japonya’nın doğal felaketlere ilişkin mevzuatında kapsamlı bir değişikliğe gidilme ihtiyacı hasıl olmuştur. Bu minvalde çalışmada 2011 yılında gerçekleşen bu üç büyük felaket sonrası Japonya’da elde edilen tecrübelerin hukuka nasıl yansıdığı sorusu ele alınacaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışma sonucu Türkiye gibi deprem kuşağında yer alan bir ülkenin söz konusu tecrübelerden faydalanması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deprem
• doğal felaket
• Japonya
• nükleer kriz
• tsunami

Earthquake and Law in the Context of Correcting the Deficiencies in Japanese Legislation After the 'Great East Japan Earthquake'

Öz

Japan is a country that frequently faces natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. Thus, it has had a very comprehensive legislation on natural disasters since the past. However, the 9.0 magnitude earthquake on 11 March 2011 revealed that this legislation is actually insufficient. The tsunami that occurred as a result of the earthquake caused a crisis on a nuclear scale, and the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear leakage disasters that occurred at the same time rendered the existing disaster control tools ineffective. In response, there has been a need for a comprehensive amendment in the legislation on natural disasters. In this study, the legal reflections of the experiences gained in Japan as a result of three major disasters in 2011 will be evaluated. Thus, it is aimed that Turkey, as a country located in an earthquake zone, will benefit from these experiences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Earthquake
• Japan
• natural disaster
• nuclear crisis
• tsunami

Kaynakça

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