Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Soyun Önemi Bağlamında Yahudi-Haşmoni Krallığı ve Vaftizci Yahya

Yıl 2017, , 115 - 138, 15.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.333532

Öz

Öz: Haşmoni Krallığı, M.Ö. 140-M.Ö. 37 yılları arasında Yahudilerin kurmuş olduğu
ender bağımsız devletlerden biridir. Ancak bu hanedanlık soyları sebep gösterilerek siyasi
ve dini erki kullanmada bir takım sınırlamalara maruz kalmıştır. Onlara geleneksel
Yahudi otoriteleri tarafından muhalefet edilmiştir. Bunun asıl sebebi Haşmonilerin
Helenleşmeye eğilimli olmalarıdır. Ancak bu muhalefet soylarının üstünlüğüne yönelik
iddiaları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede siyasi ve dini kurum ve unvanlar revize
edilmiş, Haşmonilerin Davut soyundan olmadıkları öne sürülerek krallıklarının meş-
ruiyetinin halk tarafından tanınması engellenmiş, iç savaşlarla uğraşmak durumda kalınca
da krallıkları tarih sahnesinde ancak yüz yıl kalabilmiştir. Bu yazı soy üstünlüğü
argümanının her iki tarafça siyasi bir retorikle ne şekilde kullanıldığını ortaya koymaya
çalışacaktır. Bu bağlamda Yahudi dini otoritesini temsil eden Büyük Kurul (Sanhedrin)
üzerinde yapılan değişiklikler, Haşmonilerin soyu, Haşmonilerin Kohenliğin gerektirdiği
kan saflığını kaybettikleri iddiası ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca Herod ile Vaftizci Yahya’nın
soy üstünlüğü konusundaki tavırları karşılaştırılacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar
  • Arslantaş, Nuh, “Re’sülcâlût”, DİA, XXXV, 5-6.
  • Atkinson, Kenneth, Queen Salome Jerusalem’s Warrior Monarch of the First Century B. C. E, Jefferson, North Calorina : McFarland & Co, 2012.
  • The Babylonian Talmud (ed. Rabbi Epstein), London: The Soncino Press, 1978.
  • Baumgarten, A. I., “The Name of the Pharisees”, Journal of Biblical Literature, 1983, CII, sy. 3, s. 411-428. ha-Bavli, Natan , Seder Olam Zuta: Dünyanın Kısa Tarihi (trc. Nuh Aslantaş), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2014.
  • Bickerman, Elias, From Ezra to the Last of the Maccabees, New York: Shocken Books, 1949.
  • Dąbrowa, Edward, The Hasmoneans and Their State, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Wydanie, 2010.
  • Encyclopedia Judaica, “Zugot”, XXI, 680.
  • Eyal, Regev, The Hasmoneans Ideology, Archaeology, Identity, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht, 2013.
  • Finkelstein, Louis, “The Pharisees: Their Origin and Their Philosophy”, The Harvard Theological Review, 1929, XII, sy. 3, s. 185-261.
  • Geiger, Abraham, Judaism and Islam (trc. F. M. Young), Vepery: M.D.C.S.P.C.K. Press, 1898.
  • Ginzberg, Louis, “Alexander Jannæus (Jonathan)”, Jewish Encyclopedia, I, 352-354.
  • Goldstein, Jonathan A., I Maccabees, New York: Doubleday, 1976.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, Yahudilik, İstanbul: İSAM, 2012.
  • ------, “Vaftiz”, DİA, XLII, 424-426
  • Harman, Ömer Faruk, “İmrân”, DİA, XXII, 232.
  • Hendin, David, “Numismatic Expressions of Hasmonean Sovereignty”, Israel Numismatic Journal, 2007- 2008, sy. 16. s. 76-91.
  • Ilan, Tal, “The Greek Names of the Hasmoneans”, The Jewish Quartely Review, 1987, LXXVIII, sy. 1-2, s. 1-20.
  • ------, “Queen Salamzion Alexandra and Judas Aristobulus I’s Widow: Did Jannaeus Alexander Contract a Levirate Marriage?”, Journal for the Study of Judaism, 1993, sy. 24, s. 181-90.
  • Islamic Awareness, “And No One Had The Name Yaḥya (= John?) Before: A Linguistic & Exegetical Enquiry Into Qur’an 19:7” http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Contrad/External/yahya.html (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Joseph-Kohler: Jacobs, Joseph-Kaufmann Kohler, “Nasi”, Jewish Encyclopedia, 9, s. 171-172
  • Josephus, Flavius, The Antiquties of the Jews (trc. William Whiston), http://www. perseus. tufts. edu/hopper/ text?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 01. 0146 (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • ------, The Wars of the Jews (trc. William Whiston), http://www. perseus. tufts. edu/hopper/ text?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 01. 0148 (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Klawans, Jonathan, “Sadducees, Zadokites and the Wisdom of Ben Sira”, David B. Capes vd. , Israel’s God Rebecca’s Children, Baylor University Press, 2008, s. 261-276.
  • Kohler-Krauss: Kohler, Kaufmann-Samuel Krauss , “Baptism”, Jewish Encyclopedia, II, 499-500.
  • Kurt, Ali Osman, Babil Sürgünü Sonrası Ezra Önderliğinde Yahudiliğin Yeniden Yapılandırılması (doktora tezi, 2006), Ankara Üniversitesi SBE.
  • Kutluay, Yaşar, İslâm ve Yahudi Mezhepleri, İstanbul: Anka Yayınları, 2001.
  • Kutsal Kitap, http://www. kutsal-kitap. net (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Küçük, Abdurrahman, “Al-i Ya‘kub”, DİA, II, 309-310.
  • Lamm, Maurice, “Kohen Marriages”, chabad. org http://www. chabad. org/library/article_cdo/aid/468267/ jewish/Kohen-Marriages. htm (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Main, Emmanuelle, “Yannai (Jannaeus) Alexander”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XXI, 282-283.
  • Mansoor, Menahem, “Hassideans”, Encyclopedia Judaica, VIII, 455.
  • Mantel, Hugo, “Sanhedrin”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XVIII, 21-23
  • Milwitzky, William, Alexandra, Jewish Encyclopedia, I, 358-359.
  • Rappaport, Uriel, “Nicanor”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XV, 247.
  • ------, “Maccabean Revolt”, New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, IV, 434.
  • ------, “Menelaos”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XIV, 46.
  • Rosenberg, Stephen G. , “Tobiads”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XX, 9-11.
  • ------, “Temple of Onians”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XV, 432-433.
  • Sarıkçıoğlu, Ekrem, Diğer İnciller (Apokrif İnciller), Isparta: Fakülte Kitapevi, 2005.
  • Schofield-VanderKam: Schofield, Alison-VanderKam, James C., “Were the Hasmoneans Zadokites?”, Journal of Biblical Literature, 2005, CXXIV, sy. 1, s. 73-87.
  • Schürer, Emil, A History of Jewish People in the time of Jesus Christ, 3 (trc. Sophia Taylor-Rev. Peter Christe), Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1886.
  • Singer-Lauterbach: Singer, Isidore- Lauterbach, Jacob Zallel, “Joshua B. Peraḥyah”, Jewish Encyclopedia, VII, 295.
  • Tcherikover, Victor, Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews, New York: Atheneum, 1975.
  • VanderKam, James C. , From Joshua to Caiaphas, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2004.
  • Wilhelm, Zushe, “What’s in a Name?”, chabad. org http://www. chabad. org/library/article_cdo/aid/273280/ jewish/Whats-in-a-Name. htm (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Zeitlin, Solomon, “Queen Salome and King Jannaeus Alexander: A Chapter in the History of the Second Jewish Commonwealth”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1960, LI, sy. 1, s. 1-33.
  • ------, “The Origin of the Pharisees Reaffirmed”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1969, LIX, sy. 4, s. 255-267.
  • ------, “The Pharisees: A Historical Study”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1961, LII, sy. 2, s. 97-129.
  • ------, “The Titles High Priest and the Nasi of the Sanhedrin”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1957, XLVIII, sy. 1, s. 1-5.

The Kingship Experience of Cohens in the Context of Genealogical Superiority: The Kingdom of Hasmoneans

Yıl 2017, , 115 - 138, 15.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.333532

Öz

Abstract: Hasmonean Kingdom (140-37 BCE) was one of the few Jewish independent
states in history. However, Hasmoneans were not able to exercise their religious and
political authority fully because of their genealogy; for the Jewish authorities claimed
that their genealogy was not sufficiently pure to do so. The claim of this study is that
the real reason for the opposition of the Jewish authorities against the dynasty was due
to their Hellenistic tendencies, which surfaced as a rhetorical ploy using genealogy. For
this reason, when the Hasmoneans claimed High Priesthood, the opposition created
new boundary markers so as to limit their ability of achieving religious authority. On the
other end of the spectrum, they denied the Hasmonean claim of kingship because they
were not from Davidic lineage. This opposition created an unstable political situation,
which eventually led to civil wars. Consequently, the kingdom was able to only survive
for a short period of time. In this study the research elaborates on how the two sides utilized
the argument of genealogical superiority to construct their respected political arguments.
The cases through which the notion of genealogical superiority is discussed
includes the administrative revisions on the structure of “Keneset ha-Gedolah”, the genealogy
of the Hasmoneans, and the claim that the Hasmoneans lost the purity of blood
necessary for high priesthood. Furthermore, the diverse stands of Herod the Great and
John the Baptist on the issue of genealogical superiority are also discussed

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar
  • Arslantaş, Nuh, “Re’sülcâlût”, DİA, XXXV, 5-6.
  • Atkinson, Kenneth, Queen Salome Jerusalem’s Warrior Monarch of the First Century B. C. E, Jefferson, North Calorina : McFarland & Co, 2012.
  • The Babylonian Talmud (ed. Rabbi Epstein), London: The Soncino Press, 1978.
  • Baumgarten, A. I., “The Name of the Pharisees”, Journal of Biblical Literature, 1983, CII, sy. 3, s. 411-428. ha-Bavli, Natan , Seder Olam Zuta: Dünyanın Kısa Tarihi (trc. Nuh Aslantaş), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2014.
  • Bickerman, Elias, From Ezra to the Last of the Maccabees, New York: Shocken Books, 1949.
  • Dąbrowa, Edward, The Hasmoneans and Their State, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Wydanie, 2010.
  • Encyclopedia Judaica, “Zugot”, XXI, 680.
  • Eyal, Regev, The Hasmoneans Ideology, Archaeology, Identity, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht, 2013.
  • Finkelstein, Louis, “The Pharisees: Their Origin and Their Philosophy”, The Harvard Theological Review, 1929, XII, sy. 3, s. 185-261.
  • Geiger, Abraham, Judaism and Islam (trc. F. M. Young), Vepery: M.D.C.S.P.C.K. Press, 1898.
  • Ginzberg, Louis, “Alexander Jannæus (Jonathan)”, Jewish Encyclopedia, I, 352-354.
  • Goldstein, Jonathan A., I Maccabees, New York: Doubleday, 1976.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, Yahudilik, İstanbul: İSAM, 2012.
  • ------, “Vaftiz”, DİA, XLII, 424-426
  • Harman, Ömer Faruk, “İmrân”, DİA, XXII, 232.
  • Hendin, David, “Numismatic Expressions of Hasmonean Sovereignty”, Israel Numismatic Journal, 2007- 2008, sy. 16. s. 76-91.
  • Ilan, Tal, “The Greek Names of the Hasmoneans”, The Jewish Quartely Review, 1987, LXXVIII, sy. 1-2, s. 1-20.
  • ------, “Queen Salamzion Alexandra and Judas Aristobulus I’s Widow: Did Jannaeus Alexander Contract a Levirate Marriage?”, Journal for the Study of Judaism, 1993, sy. 24, s. 181-90.
  • Islamic Awareness, “And No One Had The Name Yaḥya (= John?) Before: A Linguistic & Exegetical Enquiry Into Qur’an 19:7” http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Contrad/External/yahya.html (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Joseph-Kohler: Jacobs, Joseph-Kaufmann Kohler, “Nasi”, Jewish Encyclopedia, 9, s. 171-172
  • Josephus, Flavius, The Antiquties of the Jews (trc. William Whiston), http://www. perseus. tufts. edu/hopper/ text?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 01. 0146 (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • ------, The Wars of the Jews (trc. William Whiston), http://www. perseus. tufts. edu/hopper/ text?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 01. 0148 (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Klawans, Jonathan, “Sadducees, Zadokites and the Wisdom of Ben Sira”, David B. Capes vd. , Israel’s God Rebecca’s Children, Baylor University Press, 2008, s. 261-276.
  • Kohler-Krauss: Kohler, Kaufmann-Samuel Krauss , “Baptism”, Jewish Encyclopedia, II, 499-500.
  • Kurt, Ali Osman, Babil Sürgünü Sonrası Ezra Önderliğinde Yahudiliğin Yeniden Yapılandırılması (doktora tezi, 2006), Ankara Üniversitesi SBE.
  • Kutluay, Yaşar, İslâm ve Yahudi Mezhepleri, İstanbul: Anka Yayınları, 2001.
  • Kutsal Kitap, http://www. kutsal-kitap. net (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Küçük, Abdurrahman, “Al-i Ya‘kub”, DİA, II, 309-310.
  • Lamm, Maurice, “Kohen Marriages”, chabad. org http://www. chabad. org/library/article_cdo/aid/468267/ jewish/Kohen-Marriages. htm (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Main, Emmanuelle, “Yannai (Jannaeus) Alexander”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XXI, 282-283.
  • Mansoor, Menahem, “Hassideans”, Encyclopedia Judaica, VIII, 455.
  • Mantel, Hugo, “Sanhedrin”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XVIII, 21-23
  • Milwitzky, William, Alexandra, Jewish Encyclopedia, I, 358-359.
  • Rappaport, Uriel, “Nicanor”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XV, 247.
  • ------, “Maccabean Revolt”, New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, IV, 434.
  • ------, “Menelaos”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XIV, 46.
  • Rosenberg, Stephen G. , “Tobiads”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XX, 9-11.
  • ------, “Temple of Onians”, Encyclopedia Judaica, XV, 432-433.
  • Sarıkçıoğlu, Ekrem, Diğer İnciller (Apokrif İnciller), Isparta: Fakülte Kitapevi, 2005.
  • Schofield-VanderKam: Schofield, Alison-VanderKam, James C., “Were the Hasmoneans Zadokites?”, Journal of Biblical Literature, 2005, CXXIV, sy. 1, s. 73-87.
  • Schürer, Emil, A History of Jewish People in the time of Jesus Christ, 3 (trc. Sophia Taylor-Rev. Peter Christe), Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1886.
  • Singer-Lauterbach: Singer, Isidore- Lauterbach, Jacob Zallel, “Joshua B. Peraḥyah”, Jewish Encyclopedia, VII, 295.
  • Tcherikover, Victor, Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews, New York: Atheneum, 1975.
  • VanderKam, James C. , From Joshua to Caiaphas, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2004.
  • Wilhelm, Zushe, “What’s in a Name?”, chabad. org http://www. chabad. org/library/article_cdo/aid/273280/ jewish/Whats-in-a-Name. htm (erişim tarihi: 29.05.2017).
  • Zeitlin, Solomon, “Queen Salome and King Jannaeus Alexander: A Chapter in the History of the Second Jewish Commonwealth”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1960, LI, sy. 1, s. 1-33.
  • ------, “The Origin of the Pharisees Reaffirmed”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1969, LIX, sy. 4, s. 255-267.
  • ------, “The Pharisees: A Historical Study”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1961, LII, sy. 2, s. 97-129.
  • ------, “The Titles High Priest and the Nasi of the Sanhedrin”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 1957, XLVIII, sy. 1, s. 1-5.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tolga Savaş Altınel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Altınel, Tolga Savaş. “Soyun Önemi Bağlamında Yahudi-Haşmoni Krallığı Ve Vaftizci Yahya”. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 52, sy. 52 (Haziran 2017): 115-38. https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.333532.

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi açık erişimli bir dergidir

Açık Erişim Politikası için tıklayınız.

 Creative Commons License