It is well-known that in the tradition of commentary on the Qur’an, the historical context of the revelation of definite verses of the Qur’an has been strongly emphasized. In the Shi’ite world, the context of the revelation of the verses of the Qur’an is important not only with regard to understanding the meaning of certain verses, but also with regard to establishing essential principles of the Shi’ite sect on the basis of certain Qur’anic verses. In the transmission culture (the ahbârî tradition), which was especially strong in the early period, essential principles of the Shi’ite doctrine, such as imama, walâya, raj’a etc., were supported by using material that is transmitted as the reports concerning the context of revelation. Put it differently, reports concerning the context of revelation were taken not as part of the process and an instrument of commentary, but rather as an instrument to read the Shi’ite theology into the Qur’anic text. However, later on beginning with the figures like Tusî and Tabersî, there happened an important transformation in this conception of the context of revelation. As a result, Shi’ite scholars started to take the reports concerning the context of revelation in a manner similar to that of Sunnite literature, i.e., as part of the process of interpretation of the Qur’an. Their approach evolved from an ideological approach to a hermeneutical one. In this article, I am going to attempt to identify certain characteristics of the Shi’ite conception of the context of revelation and point out some important points displaying this important transformation
Context of Revelation Shi’ite Commentaries on the Qur’an Principles of the
Öz: Kur’ân metninin anlaşılması noktasında klasik tefsir geleneğinde esbâb-ı nüzûle verilen
önem malumdur. Şîa dünyasında ise esbâb-ı nüzulün sadece metnin anlaşılmasında değil, mezhebin temel ilkelerinin Kur’an metni üzerinden temellendirilmesinde de önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Özellikle erken dönemde yoğun bir şekilde ağırlığı bulunan rivayet
(ahbârî gelenek) kültürü içerisinde, imamet, velayet, recat ve benzeri Şiî doktrininin temel parametreleri, nüzûl sebepleri adı altında nakledilen rivayet malzemesi ile desteklenmiş,
diğer deyişle esbâb- nüzûl konusu bir yorum/tefsir süreci ve enstrümanı olarak değil, daha çok Şîa kelamının Kur’an metnine hamledilmesi için kullanılan bir enstürman olarak kullanılmış, ancak ilerleyen dönemlerde, özellikle Tûsî ve Tabersî gibi müfessirlerle birlikte bu anlayışta kayda değer bir dönüşüm gerçekleşmiş, böylece esbâb-ı nüzûl konusu,
Sünnî literatürdekine önemli ölçüde benzerlik arz edecek şekilde, bir yorum süreci olarak ele alınmaya başlanmış, ideolojik düzlemden hermenötik düzleme intikal etmiştir. Bu makalede Şîa’nın esbâb-ı nüzûl anlayışının ana hatları tespit edilecek ve bu dönüşümün tezahür ettiği önemli bazı noktalara işaret edilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Esbâb-ı nüzûl, Şiî Tefsir, Şîa Kelam Esasları, Ehl-i Sünnet,
Shi’ite Conception of the Context of the Revelation of the Qur’an
Abstract: It is well-known that in the tradition of commentary on the Qur’an, the historical
context of the revelation of definite verses of the Qur’an has been strongly emphasized. In the Shi’ite world, the context of the revelation of the verses of the Qur’an is important not only with regard to understanding the meaning of certain verses, but also with regard to establishing essential principles of the Shi’ite sect on the basis of certain Qur’anic verses. In the transmission culture (the ahbârî tradition), which was especially strong in the early period, essential principles of the Shi’ite doctrine, such as imama, walâya, raj’a etc., were supported by using material that is transmitted as the reports concerning the context of revelation. Put it differently, reports concerning the context of revelation were taken not as part of the process and an instrument of commentary, but rather as an instrument to read the Shi’ite theology into the Qur’anic text. However, later on beginning with the figures like Tusî and Tabersî, there happened an important transformation in this conception of the context of revelation. As a result, Shi’ite scholars started to take the reports concerning the context of revelation in a manner similar to that of Sunnite literature, i.e., as part of the process of interpretation of the Qur’an. Their approach evolved from an ideological approach to a hermeneutical one. In this article, I am going to attempt to identify certain characteristics of the Shi’ite conception of the context of revelation and point out some important points displaying this important transformation.
Keywords: Context of Revelation, Shi’ite Commentaries on the Qur’an, Principles of the Shi’ite Theology, People of Tradition (Ahlu’s-Sunna
Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
---|---|
Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 6 Ocak 2015 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 47 |
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