BÖLGESEL DÜZEYDE TEKNOLOJİNİN İSTİHDAM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 54, 412 - 430, 30.07.2020

Orkun Çelik

https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.771657

Öz

Dünya genelinde teknoloji hızla gelişmektedir. Teknolojinin istihdam yaratıp yaratmadığıysa literatürde sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Bu konuyla ilgili iki farklı görüş vardır. İlki, teknolojinin yeni iş alanları yarattığını iddia eden emek yanlı görüştür. İkinci görüş ise, teknolojinin emek yerine sermayeyi ikame ettiğini ileri süren emek tasarufu görüşüdür. Bu çalışma, Türkiye için bölgesel düzeyde teknolojinin istihdam üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Veri seti, Düzey 1 kapsamındaki 12 bölge için 2010-2017 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Dinamik sistem GMM tahmin yönteminden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kadın çalışanların istihdamı aksine, araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları ile genel istihdam, erkek istihdamı ve yüksek öğrenim mezunlu istihdam arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu ilişki ters-U şeklinde olup, yüksek öğrenim mezunlu istihdamda daha belirgindir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teknoloji, Yenilik, İstihdam, İşsizlik, Bölgesel Emek Piyasası

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON EMPLOYMENT AT REGIONAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Öz

Technology has rapidly improved across the world. It has frequently been discussed whether technology creates employment in the literature. There are two different views on this issue. The first is the labor-friendly view that alleges technological innovation creates new job-area. The second is the labor-saving view that asserts technology substitutes capital to labor. This paper analyzes the impact of technology on employment at regional level for Turkey. The dataset covers over the period 2010-2017 for 12 regions at NUTS-I level. According to the results of the system GMM estimation, there is a remarkable nexus between R&D expenditure and overall, man employment, employment of higher education graduates, unlike woman employment. However, the nexus is the inversed U-shape and is clearer in employment of higher education graduates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Technology, Innovation, Employment, Unemployment, Regional Labor Market

Kaynakça

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