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KATILIM BANKALARI VE MEVDUAT BANKALARININ PERFORMANS KARŞILAŞTIRMASI: YÜKSEK MEVDUAT FAİZLERİNİN KARLILIK, LİKİDİTE VE TAKİPTEKİ KREDİLERE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 64, 335 - 350, 27.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1660777

Öz

Katılım bankaları ve mevduat bankaları teorik olarak farklı felsefelere sahiptir. Ancak finans literatürü katılım bankaları ve konvansiyonel bankaların farklı felsefelerinin uygulamada karşılık bulup bulmadığını analiz eder. Ayrıca, katılım bankalarının finansal krizler, yüksek faizler, salgın hastalık ve siyasi krizler döneminde konvansiyonel bankacılığa alternatif olabileceği ve farklı performans göstereceği hipotezi de araştırılır. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de katılım bankaları ve mevduat bankalarının performanslarını likidite, takipteki krediler ve kârlılık açısından analiz eder. Bu amaçla 01.2008-08.2024 dönemi için toplanan verilere T-Testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca analiz dönemi mevduat faizlerinin yükseldiği 05.2020-08.2024 dönemi için sınırlanarak yeniden T-Testi uygulanmıştır. Ampirik bulgular yüksek mevduat faizleri döneminde katılım bankalarının daha yüksek likidite oranına sahip olduğunu ve özkaynak kârlılığı oranının mevduat bankalarına göre daha kuvvetli olduğunu gösterir. Ancak, mevduat bankaları yüksek mevduat faizi dönemlerinde daha yüksek takipteki kredi oranına sahiptir. İki banka türünün ortalama ROA'sı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, H., & Kargın, M. (2007). Türk bankacılık sektöründeki yabancı ve ulusal bankaların finansal oranlar açısından karşılaştırılması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 14(2), 31-45.
  • Arzova, S. B., & Şahin, B. Ş. (2021). Covid 19’un yarattığı ekonomik etkilerle mücadelede felsefesi, araçları ve karakteristik özellikleriyle İslami finansman modelinin rolü. Bilimname, 2021(44), 451-489. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.861879.
  • Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (2024) Banking Sector Data. https://www.bddk.org.tr
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking & finance, 37(2), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016.
  • Bektaş, S. (2022). Faizsiz banka ve konvansiyonel bankaların performanslarının belirlenmesi: 2005-2020 dönemi Türkiye örneği. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 15(2), 455-476. https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1123251.
  • Berndt, A., & Gupta, A. (2009). Moral hazard and adverse selection in the originate-to-distribute model of bank credit. Journal of Monetary Economics, 56(5), 725-743.
  • Bozkurt, M., Altintaş, N., & Yardimcioğlu, F. (2020). Katılım bankacılığı ve konvansiyonel bankacılığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri: Türkiye üzerine bir inceleme. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 6(1), 95-114. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.637258.
  • Çağıran Kendirli, H., Kendirli, S. & Aydın. Y. (2019). Küresel kriz çerçevesinde katılım bankalarının ve ticari bankaların mali performanslarının TOPSİS yöntemiyle analizi, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(1), 137-154.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Katılım ve geleneksel bankaların finansal performanslarının karşılaştırılması: Türkiye örneği. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 58, 175-188.
  • Erol, C., F. Baklaci, H., Aydoğan, B., & Tunç, G. (2014). Performance comparison of Islamic (participation) banks and commercial banks in Turkish banking sector. EuroMed Journal of Business, 9(2), 114-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-05-2013-0024.
  • Gropp, R., & Heider, F. (2010). The determinants of bank capital structure. Review of Finance, 14(4), 587-622.
  • Gürçay, H. R., & Dağıdır, C. (2022). Covid-19 sürecinde katılım bankaları ile özel mevduat bankalarının performans değerlendirmesi: Türkiye örneği. Uluslararası Finansal Ekonomi ve Bankacılık Uygulamaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-25.
  • Haddad, A., El Ammari, A., & Bouri, A. (2019). Are the Islamic banks really more profitable than the conventional banks in a financial stable period? Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9(9), 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.99.994.1018.
  • Hamid, M. A., & Azmi, S. M. (2011). The performance of banking during 2000-2009: Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad and conventional banking in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(1), 09-19.
  • Hasan, M., & Dridi, J. (2011). The effects of the global crisis on Islamic and conventional banks: A comparative study. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 2(02), 163-200.
  • Hidayat, S. E., Sakti, M. R. P., & Al-Balushi, R. A. A. (2021). Risk, efficiency and financial performance in the GCC banking industry: Islamic versus conventional banks. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(4), 564-592. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2020-0138.
  • Ika, S. R., & Abdullah, N. (2011). A comparative study of financial performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(15), 199-207.
  • Ismal, R. (2014). An optimal risk–return portfolio of Islamic banks. Humanomics, 30(4), 286-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/H-08-2013-0055.
  • Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M., & Pappas, V. (2014). A comparison of performance of Islamic and conventional banks 2004–2009. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 103, S93-S107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.07.016.
  • Kevser, M. (2021). Banka türlerinin karşılaştırmalı finansal performans analizi: Türkiye için ampirik bir araştırma. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 23(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.31460/mbdd.775080.
  • Kirimi, P. N., Kariuki, S. N., & Ocharo, K. N. (2020). Mediation effect of macro-economic factors on the relationship between banks’ financial soundness and financial performance. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 9(5), 99-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.ijfa.20200905.01.
  • Kiziloglu, M., Dluhopolskyi, O., Laskowski, J., & Laskowska, A. (2023). Creating agile institutions with organizational trust in the finance sector of Turkey: the mediating role of psychological empowerment in times of COVID-19. Sustainability, 15(4), 3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043019.
  • Kouser, R., & Saba, I. (2012). Gauging the financial performance of banking sector using CAMEL model: comparison of conventional, mixed and pure Islamic banks in Pakistan. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 82(1), 67-88.
  • Levene, H. (1960). "Robust tests for equality of variances." Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling, Stanford University Press.
  • Minny, M., & Görmüş, Ş. (2017). The impact of interest rate fluctuations on the participation banks profitability: Turkey case. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 3(2), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8407.2017.3.2.03.
  • Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), 261-297.
  • Nair, G. K., Purohit, H., & Choudhary, N. (2014). Influence of risk management on performance: An empirical study of international Islamic bank. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(3), 549-563.
  • Safiullah, M. (2010). Superiority of conventional banks & Islamic banks of Bangladesh: a comparative study. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(3), 199-207.
  • Salman, K. R. (2023). Exploring moral hazard and adverse selection in profit sharing contract. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i3.955.
  • Saraç, M., & Zeren, F. (2015). The dependency of Islamic bank rates on conventional bank interest rates: further evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics, 47(7), 669-679. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.978076.
  • Sturm, J. E., & Williams, B. (2004). Foreign bank entry, deregulation and bank efficiency: Lessons from the Australian experience. Journal of Banking & Finance, 28(7), 1775-1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2003.06.005.
  • Suzuki, Y., Uddin, S. S., & Islam, A. R. (2020). Incentives for conventional banks for the conversion into Islamic banks: evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(2), 273-287.
  • Toraman, C., Ata, H. A., & Buğan, M. (2015). Mevduat ve katılım bankalarının karşılaştırmalı performans analizi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 301-310.
  • Tunalı, H. N., & Pekçoşkun, K. (2019). Geleneksel bankalar ve katılım bankaları için panel veri analizi: Türkiye örneği. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 54(4), 1583-1601.
  • Wan Ibrahim, W. H., & Ismail, A. G. (2015). Conventional bank and Islamic banking as institutions: similarities and differences. Humanomics, 31(3), 272-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/H-09-2013-0056 .
  • Wheelock, D. C., & Kumbhakar, S. C. (1995). Which banks choose deposit insurance? Evidence of adverse selection and moral hazard in a voluntary insurance system. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27(1), 186-201.
  • Xiaogang, C., Skully, M., & Brown, K. (2005). Banking efficiency in China: Application of DEA to pre-and post-deregulation eras: 1993–2000. China Economic Review, 16(3), 229-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2005.02.001.
  • Youssef, A., & Samir, O. (2015). A comparative study on the financial performance between Islamic and conventional banks: Egypt case. International Journal of Business and Economic Development (IJBED), 3(3), 20-34.
  • Yüksel, S., Canöz, İ., & Özsarı, M. (2017). Causality relationship between interest rate of deposit banks and profit share rate of Islamic banks in Turkey. Ikonomika, 2(2), 131-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.24042/febi.v2i2.1894.
  • Yumurtacı, R. (2023). Türkiye’deki konvansiyonel bankalar ile katılım bankalarının CAMELS analizi ile karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(39), 1077-1097. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1196650.
  • Yurttadur, M., & Demirbaş, H. (2017). Türkiye'de bulunan katılım bankaları ve özel sermayeli mevduat bankalarının finansal performanslarının karşılaştırılması. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 89-117. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.326621.

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF PARTICIPATION BANKS AND DEPOSIT BANKS: THE IMPACT OF HIGH DEPOSIT RATES ON PROFITABILITY, LIQUIDITY AND NON-PERFORMING LOANS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 64, 335 - 350, 27.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1660777

Öz

Participation banks and deposit banks operate under fundamentally distinct philosophies. However, the financial literature analyzes whether the different philosophies of participation banks and conventional banks are reflected in practice. Additionally, the hypothesis that participation banks can be an alternative to conventional banking and perform differently during financial crises, high interest rates, epidemics and political crises is also investigated. This research compares the effectiveness of participation banks and deposit banks in Turkey regarding liquidity, non-performing loans, and profitability. For this purpose, T-Test is implemented to the data collected for the period 01.2008-08.2024. In addition, T-Test is performed by limiting the analysis period for the period 05.2020-08.2024, when deposit interest rates increased. Empirical findings show that participation banks have higher liquidity ratios and stronger return on equity ratios than deposit banks during 05.2020-08.2024. However, during periods of high deposit rates, deposit banks tend to have higher ratios of non-performing loans. The average ROA of the two types of banks does not show a statistically significant difference.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, H., & Kargın, M. (2007). Türk bankacılık sektöründeki yabancı ve ulusal bankaların finansal oranlar açısından karşılaştırılması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 14(2), 31-45.
  • Arzova, S. B., & Şahin, B. Ş. (2021). Covid 19’un yarattığı ekonomik etkilerle mücadelede felsefesi, araçları ve karakteristik özellikleriyle İslami finansman modelinin rolü. Bilimname, 2021(44), 451-489. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.861879.
  • Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (2024) Banking Sector Data. https://www.bddk.org.tr
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking & finance, 37(2), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016.
  • Bektaş, S. (2022). Faizsiz banka ve konvansiyonel bankaların performanslarının belirlenmesi: 2005-2020 dönemi Türkiye örneği. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 15(2), 455-476. https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1123251.
  • Berndt, A., & Gupta, A. (2009). Moral hazard and adverse selection in the originate-to-distribute model of bank credit. Journal of Monetary Economics, 56(5), 725-743.
  • Bozkurt, M., Altintaş, N., & Yardimcioğlu, F. (2020). Katılım bankacılığı ve konvansiyonel bankacılığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri: Türkiye üzerine bir inceleme. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 6(1), 95-114. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.637258.
  • Çağıran Kendirli, H., Kendirli, S. & Aydın. Y. (2019). Küresel kriz çerçevesinde katılım bankalarının ve ticari bankaların mali performanslarının TOPSİS yöntemiyle analizi, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(1), 137-154.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Katılım ve geleneksel bankaların finansal performanslarının karşılaştırılması: Türkiye örneği. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 58, 175-188.
  • Erol, C., F. Baklaci, H., Aydoğan, B., & Tunç, G. (2014). Performance comparison of Islamic (participation) banks and commercial banks in Turkish banking sector. EuroMed Journal of Business, 9(2), 114-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-05-2013-0024.
  • Gropp, R., & Heider, F. (2010). The determinants of bank capital structure. Review of Finance, 14(4), 587-622.
  • Gürçay, H. R., & Dağıdır, C. (2022). Covid-19 sürecinde katılım bankaları ile özel mevduat bankalarının performans değerlendirmesi: Türkiye örneği. Uluslararası Finansal Ekonomi ve Bankacılık Uygulamaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-25.
  • Haddad, A., El Ammari, A., & Bouri, A. (2019). Are the Islamic banks really more profitable than the conventional banks in a financial stable period? Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9(9), 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.99.994.1018.
  • Hamid, M. A., & Azmi, S. M. (2011). The performance of banking during 2000-2009: Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad and conventional banking in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(1), 09-19.
  • Hasan, M., & Dridi, J. (2011). The effects of the global crisis on Islamic and conventional banks: A comparative study. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 2(02), 163-200.
  • Hidayat, S. E., Sakti, M. R. P., & Al-Balushi, R. A. A. (2021). Risk, efficiency and financial performance in the GCC banking industry: Islamic versus conventional banks. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(4), 564-592. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2020-0138.
  • Ika, S. R., & Abdullah, N. (2011). A comparative study of financial performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(15), 199-207.
  • Ismal, R. (2014). An optimal risk–return portfolio of Islamic banks. Humanomics, 30(4), 286-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/H-08-2013-0055.
  • Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M., & Pappas, V. (2014). A comparison of performance of Islamic and conventional banks 2004–2009. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 103, S93-S107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.07.016.
  • Kevser, M. (2021). Banka türlerinin karşılaştırmalı finansal performans analizi: Türkiye için ampirik bir araştırma. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 23(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.31460/mbdd.775080.
  • Kirimi, P. N., Kariuki, S. N., & Ocharo, K. N. (2020). Mediation effect of macro-economic factors on the relationship between banks’ financial soundness and financial performance. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 9(5), 99-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.ijfa.20200905.01.
  • Kiziloglu, M., Dluhopolskyi, O., Laskowski, J., & Laskowska, A. (2023). Creating agile institutions with organizational trust in the finance sector of Turkey: the mediating role of psychological empowerment in times of COVID-19. Sustainability, 15(4), 3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043019.
  • Kouser, R., & Saba, I. (2012). Gauging the financial performance of banking sector using CAMEL model: comparison of conventional, mixed and pure Islamic banks in Pakistan. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 82(1), 67-88.
  • Levene, H. (1960). "Robust tests for equality of variances." Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling, Stanford University Press.
  • Minny, M., & Görmüş, Ş. (2017). The impact of interest rate fluctuations on the participation banks profitability: Turkey case. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 3(2), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2149-8407.2017.3.2.03.
  • Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), 261-297.
  • Nair, G. K., Purohit, H., & Choudhary, N. (2014). Influence of risk management on performance: An empirical study of international Islamic bank. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(3), 549-563.
  • Safiullah, M. (2010). Superiority of conventional banks & Islamic banks of Bangladesh: a comparative study. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(3), 199-207.
  • Salman, K. R. (2023). Exploring moral hazard and adverse selection in profit sharing contract. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i3.955.
  • Saraç, M., & Zeren, F. (2015). The dependency of Islamic bank rates on conventional bank interest rates: further evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics, 47(7), 669-679. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.978076.
  • Sturm, J. E., & Williams, B. (2004). Foreign bank entry, deregulation and bank efficiency: Lessons from the Australian experience. Journal of Banking & Finance, 28(7), 1775-1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2003.06.005.
  • Suzuki, Y., Uddin, S. S., & Islam, A. R. (2020). Incentives for conventional banks for the conversion into Islamic banks: evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(2), 273-287.
  • Toraman, C., Ata, H. A., & Buğan, M. (2015). Mevduat ve katılım bankalarının karşılaştırmalı performans analizi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 301-310.
  • Tunalı, H. N., & Pekçoşkun, K. (2019). Geleneksel bankalar ve katılım bankaları için panel veri analizi: Türkiye örneği. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 54(4), 1583-1601.
  • Wan Ibrahim, W. H., & Ismail, A. G. (2015). Conventional bank and Islamic banking as institutions: similarities and differences. Humanomics, 31(3), 272-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/H-09-2013-0056 .
  • Wheelock, D. C., & Kumbhakar, S. C. (1995). Which banks choose deposit insurance? Evidence of adverse selection and moral hazard in a voluntary insurance system. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27(1), 186-201.
  • Xiaogang, C., Skully, M., & Brown, K. (2005). Banking efficiency in China: Application of DEA to pre-and post-deregulation eras: 1993–2000. China Economic Review, 16(3), 229-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2005.02.001.
  • Youssef, A., & Samir, O. (2015). A comparative study on the financial performance between Islamic and conventional banks: Egypt case. International Journal of Business and Economic Development (IJBED), 3(3), 20-34.
  • Yüksel, S., Canöz, İ., & Özsarı, M. (2017). Causality relationship between interest rate of deposit banks and profit share rate of Islamic banks in Turkey. Ikonomika, 2(2), 131-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.24042/febi.v2i2.1894.
  • Yumurtacı, R. (2023). Türkiye’deki konvansiyonel bankalar ile katılım bankalarının CAMELS analizi ile karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(39), 1077-1097. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1196650.
  • Yurttadur, M., & Demirbaş, H. (2017). Türkiye'de bulunan katılım bankaları ve özel sermayeli mevduat bankalarının finansal performanslarının karşılaştırılması. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 89-117. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.326621.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Finansal Piyasalar ve Kurumlar
Bölüm Makale Başvuru
Yazarlar

Sabri Burak Arzova 0000-0001-9616-4197

Bertaç Şakir Şahin 0000-0003-0414-5402

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 64

Kaynak Göster

APA Arzova, S. B., & Şahin, B. Ş. (2025). PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF PARTICIPATION BANKS AND DEPOSIT BANKS: THE IMPACT OF HIGH DEPOSIT RATES ON PROFITABILITY, LIQUIDITY AND NON-PERFORMING LOANS. Öneri Dergisi, 20(64), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1660777

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