Nanokil Katkısının PLA’nın Termal ve Mekanik Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 308 - 317, 30.12.2025

Mehmet İsmail Sarı , İsmail Şahin

https://doi.org/10.52795/mateca.1808873

Öz

Polilaktik Asit (PLA), yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde edilmesi, biyouyumluluğu ve biyobozunurluğu sayesinde 3B uygulamalarda sıkça tercih edilen bir üründür. Bununla birlikte PLA’nın mekanik dayanımı ve termal direnci Akrilonitril Bütadiyen Stiren (ABS), Polietilen Tereftalat Glikol (PETG) gibi polimerler ile kıyaslandığında sınırlı kalmaktadır. PLA matrisine katkılanan çeşitli malzemeler yoluyla bu dezavantajların önüne geçmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, PLA matrisine nanokil katkısı yapılarak hem termal davranış hem de mekanik dayanım özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. PLA granüller, birtakım gözlemlerin sonucunda kloroform çözücüsü kullanılarak çözdürülmüş, katkısız ve nanokil katkılı karışımlar manyetik karıştırma ve ultrasonik işlemlerle homojenleştirilmiş, daha sonra Termogravimetrik Analiz (TGA) ve çekme testleri için numuneler hazırlanmıştır. TGA analizinde saf PLA ve nanokil katkılı PLA arasındaki bozunma profilleri karşılaştırılmış; katkılı sistemin ikinci bozunma evresinde daha az kütle kaybı yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Çekme testlerinde nanokil katkılı PLA, 73.8 MPa maksimum gerilme değerine ve yaklaşık %0.0313 gerinime ulaşmıştır; bu değer, kataloğunda 50 MPa çekme mukavemeti bulunan saf PLA ile kıyaslandığında kayda değer bir artışı göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, nanokil katkısının PLA’nın mekanik performansını iyileştirmek için iyi bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu gösterse de termal kararlılık açısından katkının etkisi homojen dağılım ve proses koşullarına bağlı olarak sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu çalışma, laboratuvar ölçeğinde düşük miktarda hazırlanan nanokil takviyeli PLA sistemlerinin özelliklerini ortaya koyarak, gelecekte bu tür biyokompozitlerin hazırlanışı ve optimizasyonu için yön gösterici nitelik taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PLA , Nanokil , Nanokompozit , Termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) , Çekme testi

Investigation of the Effects of Nanoclay Additive on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA

Öz

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a frequently preferred material for 3D applications due to its renewable resource availability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, PLA's mechanical strength and thermal resistance are limited compared to polymers like Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG). These disadvantages can be overcome by adding various materials to the PLA matrix. This study aimed to improve both thermal behavior and mechanical strength properties by adding nanoclay to the PLA matrix. As a result of some observations, PLA granules were dissolved using chloroform solvent, the pure and nanoclay added mixtures were homogenized by magnetic stirring and ultrasonic processes, and then samples were prepared for Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. Samples were then prepared for TGA and tensile tests. In TGA analysis, degradation profiles between pure PLA and nanoclay-doped PLA were compared; it was determined that the doped system experienced less mass loss in the second degradation stage. In tensile tests, nanoclay-added PLA reached a maximum tensile value of 73.8 MPa and a strain of approximately 0.0313%, representing a significant increase compared to pure PLA, which has a cataloged tensile strength of 50 MPa. While the findings indicate that nanoclay additives have the potential to improve the mechanical performance of PLA, the additive's effect on thermal stability was limited due to processing conditions. This study demonstrates the properties of nanoclay reinforced PLA systems prepared in low quantity at laboratory scale and provides guidance for the preparation and optimization of such biocomposites in future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PLA , Nanoclay , Nanocomposite , Thermogravinetric analysis , Tensile test

Kaynakça

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