Gebelikte Sigara İçme Prevalansı ve İlişkili Faktörler: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışma, gebelikte sigara içme prevalansını belirlemeyi ve ilişkili faktörleri tanımlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışma, 12 Şubat 2024-17 Ocak 2025 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de Anadoluda bir devlet hastanesinin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Poliklinikleri’nde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini polikliniklere başvuran gebe kadınlar oluşturmuş; örneklemi ise kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 687 gönüllü katılımcıdan oluşmuştur. Veriler, sosyodemografik özellikler formu ve sigara içme davranışına ilişkin bireysel özellikleri değerlendiren bir form kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra ki-kare testi ve lojistik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<.05 olarak alınmıştır. Katılımcıların %20,4’ü gebelikte sigara içtiğini bildirmiştir. Sigara içme davranışı ile eğitim düzeyi, ekonomik durum, gebelik sayısı, gebelik haftası, gebelik komplikasyonu öyküsü, antenatal bakım alma durumu, gebelik öncesi sigara içme durumu, sigarayı bırakma niyeti, evde sigara içen bireylerin varlığı ve evde sigara içilen yer arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur (p<.05). Lojistik regresyon analizinde eğitim düzeyi (OR=0.057; %95 GA: 0.009-0.355), gebelik haftası (OR=0.947; %95 GA: 0.928-0.966), gebelik komplikasyonu öyküsü (OR=0.006; %95 GA: 0.000-0.221) ve evde sigara içen birey bulunması (OR=0.084; %95 GA: 0.009-0.745) gebelikte sigara içme ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bulgular, gebelikte sigara içme davranışının sosyodemografik, obstetrik ve çevresel faktörlerle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Gebelikte sigara bırakmaya yönelik girişimlerin yalnızca bireye odaklanmaması, aynı zamanda aile ve ev ortamını da kapsayacak şekilde planlanması önemlidir. Antenatal bakım hizmetleri kapsamında bireyselleştirilmiş sigara bırakma danışmanlığının güçlendirilmesi ve aile temelli müdahalelerin yaygınlaştırılması anne ve bebek sağlığının korunmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gebelik
• Sigara içme
• Hemşirelik
• Danışmanlık

Prevalence of Smoking During Pregnancy and Associated Factors: A Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study

Öz

This study aims to determine the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and to identify associated factors. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between February 12, 2024, and January 17, 2025, in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinics of a public hospital located in the Anatolian region of Türkiye. The study population consisted of pregnant women attending these outpatient clinics, and the sample comprised 687 voluntary participants selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a sociodemographic characteristics form and a questionnaire assessing individual characteristics related to smoking behavior. In addition to descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set at p<.05. Among the participants, 20.4% reported smoking during pregnancy. Statistically significant associations were found between smoking behavior and educational level, economic status, number of pregnancies, gestational week, history of pregnancy complications, antenatal care utilization, pre-pregnancy smoking status, intention to quit smoking, presence of smokers in the household, and location of smoking within the home (p<.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that educational level (OR=0.057; 95% CI: 0.009-0.355), gestational week (OR=0.947; 95% CI: 0.928-0.966), history of pregnancy complications (OR=0.006; 95% CI: 0.000-0.221), and the presence of smokers in the household (OR=0.084; 95% CI: 0.009-0.745) were significantly associated with smoking during pregnancy. The findings indicate that smoking behavior during pregnancy is associated with sociodemographic, obstetric, and environmental factors. Smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy should not focus solely on the individual but should also address the family and household environment. Strengthening individualized smoking cessation counseling within antenatal care services and expanding family-based interventions may contribute to the protection of maternal and infant health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pregnancy
• Smoking
• Nursing
• Counseling

Kaynakça

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