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Robot Hemşireler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 90 - 96, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.71255/maunsbd.1790835

Öz

Sağlık hizmetlerinde robotların kullanımı, artan yaşlı nüfusa bağlı olarak hemşire ve bakım personelinin yetersiz kalması ve teknolojideki gelişmelerin hastalara daha etkin bakım sağlaması sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Son dönemde robotların gelişmesiyle ilgili ilerlemeler gelecekte hemşirelik uygulamalarında önemli bir yere sahip olacağını düşündürmektedir. Robotların kullanımı ile insan hemşirelerin mesleği ellerinden alacağı endişesi ve robotların insani duygularının hasta bakımında yetersizliği gündeme gelmiştir. Hemşirelik uygulamaları son derece insani uygulamalardır ve uygulamaların tamamıyla robotlara atfedilmemesi gereken durumları olabilir. Bunlar hesap verilebilirlik ve savunuculuk gibi etik kavramların yanı sıra iş birliği ve bakım gibi daha insani kavramlarda yer almaktadır. Hemşirelikte etik kavramlar olarak hastaya bakım verme ve bakım almasının sağlanması, önemseme ve ilgilenme gibi konuların robotlar tarafından uygulanmasının mümkün olup olmadığı da önemli bir yaklaşımdır. Diğer taraftan ise hasta bakımının özgünlüğü ve hastaya şefkatli bakım sunulması hemşirelik uygulamalarının çok yönlülüğünü göstermektedir. Fakat belki de yaşlanan ve artan nüfus karşısında robotların desteği ileri de hemşireleri memnun da edebilir.
Bu makale, robot hemşirelerle ilgili kavramları tartışmakta ve meslektaş olarak insanlar ve robotlar arasındaki ayrımları, zorlukları ve etik ikilemleri incelemektedir.

Etik Beyan

Derleme olduğu için etik izne gerek duyulmadı.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur.

Teşekkür

Teşekkürler

Kaynakça

  • Abbasinia, M., Ahmadi, F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2019). Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 141–151.
  • Adeyemo, A., Coffey, A. & Kingston, L. (2025). Utilisation of robots in nursing practice: an umbrella review. BMC Nurs 24, 247. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02842-2
  • Ai, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, J. et al. (2025). Optimizing the interaction of service robots in elderly care institutions using multi-modal emotion recognition system based on transfer learning. Discov Artif Intell 5, 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00280-2
  • Albertone, G., Allen, S., & Redpath, A. (2019). Ageing Europe. 2019 edition. Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Altehenger, H., Menges, L. & Schulte, P. (2024). How AI Systems Can Be Blameworthy. Philosophia 52, 1083–1106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-024-00779-5
  • Anghel, I., Cioara, T., Moldova, D., Antal, M., Pop, C. D., Salomie, I., Pop, C. B., & Chifu, V. R. (2020). Smart environments and social robots for elderly-friendly integrated care services. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3801. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113801
  • Barreiros, J. A., Xu, A., Pugach, S., Iyengar, N., Troxell, G., Cornwell, A., ... & Shepherd, R. F. (2022). Haptic perception using optoelectronic robotic flesh for embodied artificially intelligent agents. Science Robotics, 7.
  • Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Che, T., Li, J., Li, J., Chen, X., & Liao, Z. (2024). Long-term care needs and hospitalization costs with long-term care insurance: a mixed-sectional study. Frontiers in public health, 12, 1226884. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1226884
  • Christoforou, E. G., Avgousti, S., Ramdani, N., Novales, C., & Panayides, A. S. (2020). The upcoming role for nursing and assistive robotics: Opportunities and challenges ahead. Frontiers in Digital Health, 2, 585656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2020.585656
  • Cominelli, L., Feri, F., Garofalo, R., et al. (2021). Promises and trust in human-robot interaction. Scientific Reports, 11, 9687.
  • Courtenage, S. (2024). Intelligent machines, collectives, and moral responsibility. AI Ethics 4, 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00285-6
  • El-Gazar, H.E., Abdelhafez, S., Ali, A.M. et al. (2024). Are nurses and patients willing to work with service robots in healthcare? A mixed-methods study. BMC Nurs 23, 718. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02336-7
  • Frennert, S., Aminoff, H., & Östlund, B. (2021). Technological frameworks and care robots in elderly care. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13, 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00641-0
  • Gilart, E., Bocchino, A., Gilart-Cantizano, P., Cotobal-Calvo, E. M., Lepiani-Diaz, I., Román-Sánchez, D., & Palazón-Fernández, J. L. (2025). The Integration of AI into the Nursing Process: A Comparative Analysis of NANDA, NOC, and NIC-Based Care Plans. Nursing Reports, 15(6), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15060186
  • Herrmann, M., Wabro, A. & Winkler, E. (2024). Percentages and reasons: AI explainability and ultimate human responsibility within the medical field. Ethics Inf Technol 26, 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-024-09764-8
  • Hsu, F.Y., Lee, Y.H., Tsai, J.L., Lien, A.S.Y. (2025). Socially Assistive Robots for Pain Management and Emotional Responses in Pediatric Hospital Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e76427.https://doi: 10.2196/76427
  • Hung, L., Gregorio, M., Mann, J., et al. (2021). Exploring the perception of people with dementia about the social robot PARO in a hospital setting. Dementia, 20(2), 485–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301219894141
  • Ibuki, T., Ibuki, A., & Nakazawa, E. (2023). Possibilities and ethical issues of entrusting nursing tasks to robots and artificial intelligence. Nursing Ethics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330221149094
  • Khavas, Z. R. (2021). A review on trust in human-robot interaction. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.10045
  • Kleiner, J., Ludwig, T. (2024). The case for neurons: a no-go theorem for consciousness on a chip, Neuroscience of Consciousness, Volume 2024, Issue 1, 2024, niae037, https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niae037
  • Lee, J. Y., Song, Y. A., Jung, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, B. R., Do, H. K., & Lim, J. Y. (2018). Nurses' needs for care robots in integrated nursing care services. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13711
  • Liu, F., Deswal, S., Christou, A., Sandamirskaya, Y., Kaboli, M., & Dahiya, R. (2022). Neuro-inspired electronic skin for robots. Science Robotics, 7, eabl7344.
  • Locsin, R. C., Ito, H., Tanioka, T., Yasuhara, Y., Osaka, K., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2018). Humanoid nurse robots as caring entities: A revolutionary probability? International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 3(3), 146.
  • Masala, G. L., & Giorgi, I. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Assistive Robotics in Healthcare Services: Applications in Silver Care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(5), 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050781
  • Mihailov, E., Wangmo, T. (2025). Does Humanness Matter? An Ethical Evaluation of Sharing Care Work with Social Robots. Sci Eng Ethics 31, 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00547-y
  • Nirgiz, C. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Technologies in Future Nursing. Eurasian Journal of Health Sciences, 8(1), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1451844
  • Ohneberg, C., Stöbich, N., Warmbein, A. et al. (2023). Assistive robotic systems in nursing care: a scoping review. BMC Nurs 22, 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01230-y
  • Rogers, M. (1970). The theoretical basis of nursing. F.A. Davis. Soriano, G. P., Yasuhara, Y., Ito, H., Matsumoto, K., Osaka, K., Kai, Y., ... & Tanioka, T. (2022). Robots and robotics in nursing. Healthcare, 10(8), 1571. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081571
  • Stokes, F., & Palmer, A. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Nursing: Ethics of Caring as a Guide to Dividing Tasks Between AI and Humans. Nursing philosophy: an international journal for healthcare professionals, 21(4), e12306. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12306
  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2019). World population ageing. United Nations. Von Gerich, H., Moen, H., Block, L. J., Chu, C. H., DeForest, H., Hobensack, M., ... & Peltonen, L. M. (2021). Artificial intelligence-based technologies in nursing: A scoping literature review of evidence. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 127, 104153.
  • Wang, S., & Miki, K. (2025). Development of a Humanoid Nursing Care Robot and Realization of Quantitative Pouring Operation. Applied Sciences, 15(7), 3501. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15073501
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Ageing and health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
  • Wu, D., Pu, L., Jo, J. et al. (2025). Technologies and Applications of Robots in Dementia Care: A Systematic Review. J Intell Robot Syst 111, 33 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-025-02232-5
  • Yang, P., Zhang, L., & Tian, X. (2025). Nurses' Experiences and Attitudes Toward the Use of Nursing Robots: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Researches. Nursing & health sciences, 27(3), e70171. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.70171
  • Zhang,J. (2025). A Review of Robots in Caring for the Elderly. Applied and Computational Engineering,116,181-186.
  • Zhang, Y., Luo, L., Wang, X. (2024). Aging with robots: A brief review on eldercare automation. Interdisciplinary Nursing Research 3(1):p 49-56, March 2024. | DOI: 10.1097/NR9.0000000000000052

Robot Nurses

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 90 - 96, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.71255/maunsbd.1790835

Öz

The use of robots in health services has emerged as a result of the inadequacy of nurses and nursing staff due to the increasing elderly population and the developments in technology to provide more effective care to patients. Recent advances in the development of robots suggest that they will have an important place in nursing practice in the future. With the use of robots, the concern that human nurses will take over the profession and the inadequacy of robots' human emotions in patient care have come to the agenda. Nursing practices are extremely human practices and there may be situations that should not be attributed entirely to robots. These include ethical concepts such as accountability and advocacy, as well as more human concepts such as collaboration and care. As ethical concepts in nursing, it is also an important approach whether it is possible for robots to implement issues such as giving and receiving care to the patient, caring and caring. On the other hand, the uniqueness of patient care and providing compassionate care to the patient shows the versatility of nursing practices. But perhaps the support of robots in the face of aging and increasing population may also please nurses in the future.
This article discusses concepts related to robot nurses and examines the distinctions, challenges and ethical dilemmas between humans and robots as colleagues.

Etik Beyan

As it is a compilation, ethical approval was not required.

Destekleyen Kurum

none.

Teşekkür

Thank you

Kaynakça

  • Abbasinia, M., Ahmadi, F., & Kazemnejad, A. (2019). Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 141–151.
  • Adeyemo, A., Coffey, A. & Kingston, L. (2025). Utilisation of robots in nursing practice: an umbrella review. BMC Nurs 24, 247. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02842-2
  • Ai, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, J. et al. (2025). Optimizing the interaction of service robots in elderly care institutions using multi-modal emotion recognition system based on transfer learning. Discov Artif Intell 5, 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00280-2
  • Albertone, G., Allen, S., & Redpath, A. (2019). Ageing Europe. 2019 edition. Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Altehenger, H., Menges, L. & Schulte, P. (2024). How AI Systems Can Be Blameworthy. Philosophia 52, 1083–1106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-024-00779-5
  • Anghel, I., Cioara, T., Moldova, D., Antal, M., Pop, C. D., Salomie, I., Pop, C. B., & Chifu, V. R. (2020). Smart environments and social robots for elderly-friendly integrated care services. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3801. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113801
  • Barreiros, J. A., Xu, A., Pugach, S., Iyengar, N., Troxell, G., Cornwell, A., ... & Shepherd, R. F. (2022). Haptic perception using optoelectronic robotic flesh for embodied artificially intelligent agents. Science Robotics, 7.
  • Boykin, A., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2001). Nursing as caring: A model for transforming practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Che, T., Li, J., Li, J., Chen, X., & Liao, Z. (2024). Long-term care needs and hospitalization costs with long-term care insurance: a mixed-sectional study. Frontiers in public health, 12, 1226884. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1226884
  • Christoforou, E. G., Avgousti, S., Ramdani, N., Novales, C., & Panayides, A. S. (2020). The upcoming role for nursing and assistive robotics: Opportunities and challenges ahead. Frontiers in Digital Health, 2, 585656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2020.585656
  • Cominelli, L., Feri, F., Garofalo, R., et al. (2021). Promises and trust in human-robot interaction. Scientific Reports, 11, 9687.
  • Courtenage, S. (2024). Intelligent machines, collectives, and moral responsibility. AI Ethics 4, 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00285-6
  • El-Gazar, H.E., Abdelhafez, S., Ali, A.M. et al. (2024). Are nurses and patients willing to work with service robots in healthcare? A mixed-methods study. BMC Nurs 23, 718. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02336-7
  • Frennert, S., Aminoff, H., & Östlund, B. (2021). Technological frameworks and care robots in elderly care. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13, 311–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00641-0
  • Gilart, E., Bocchino, A., Gilart-Cantizano, P., Cotobal-Calvo, E. M., Lepiani-Diaz, I., Román-Sánchez, D., & Palazón-Fernández, J. L. (2025). The Integration of AI into the Nursing Process: A Comparative Analysis of NANDA, NOC, and NIC-Based Care Plans. Nursing Reports, 15(6), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15060186
  • Herrmann, M., Wabro, A. & Winkler, E. (2024). Percentages and reasons: AI explainability and ultimate human responsibility within the medical field. Ethics Inf Technol 26, 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-024-09764-8
  • Hsu, F.Y., Lee, Y.H., Tsai, J.L., Lien, A.S.Y. (2025). Socially Assistive Robots for Pain Management and Emotional Responses in Pediatric Hospital Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e76427.https://doi: 10.2196/76427
  • Hung, L., Gregorio, M., Mann, J., et al. (2021). Exploring the perception of people with dementia about the social robot PARO in a hospital setting. Dementia, 20(2), 485–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301219894141
  • Ibuki, T., Ibuki, A., & Nakazawa, E. (2023). Possibilities and ethical issues of entrusting nursing tasks to robots and artificial intelligence. Nursing Ethics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330221149094
  • Khavas, Z. R. (2021). A review on trust in human-robot interaction. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.10045
  • Kleiner, J., Ludwig, T. (2024). The case for neurons: a no-go theorem for consciousness on a chip, Neuroscience of Consciousness, Volume 2024, Issue 1, 2024, niae037, https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niae037
  • Lee, J. Y., Song, Y. A., Jung, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, B. R., Do, H. K., & Lim, J. Y. (2018). Nurses' needs for care robots in integrated nursing care services. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13711
  • Liu, F., Deswal, S., Christou, A., Sandamirskaya, Y., Kaboli, M., & Dahiya, R. (2022). Neuro-inspired electronic skin for robots. Science Robotics, 7, eabl7344.
  • Locsin, R. C., Ito, H., Tanioka, T., Yasuhara, Y., Osaka, K., & Schoenhofer, S. O. (2018). Humanoid nurse robots as caring entities: A revolutionary probability? International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 3(3), 146.
  • Masala, G. L., & Giorgi, I. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Assistive Robotics in Healthcare Services: Applications in Silver Care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(5), 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050781
  • Mihailov, E., Wangmo, T. (2025). Does Humanness Matter? An Ethical Evaluation of Sharing Care Work with Social Robots. Sci Eng Ethics 31, 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-025-00547-y
  • Nirgiz, C. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Technologies in Future Nursing. Eurasian Journal of Health Sciences, 8(1), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1451844
  • Ohneberg, C., Stöbich, N., Warmbein, A. et al. (2023). Assistive robotic systems in nursing care: a scoping review. BMC Nurs 22, 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01230-y
  • Rogers, M. (1970). The theoretical basis of nursing. F.A. Davis. Soriano, G. P., Yasuhara, Y., Ito, H., Matsumoto, K., Osaka, K., Kai, Y., ... & Tanioka, T. (2022). Robots and robotics in nursing. Healthcare, 10(8), 1571. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081571
  • Stokes, F., & Palmer, A. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Nursing: Ethics of Caring as a Guide to Dividing Tasks Between AI and Humans. Nursing philosophy: an international journal for healthcare professionals, 21(4), e12306. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12306
  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2019). World population ageing. United Nations. Von Gerich, H., Moen, H., Block, L. J., Chu, C. H., DeForest, H., Hobensack, M., ... & Peltonen, L. M. (2021). Artificial intelligence-based technologies in nursing: A scoping literature review of evidence. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 127, 104153.
  • Wang, S., & Miki, K. (2025). Development of a Humanoid Nursing Care Robot and Realization of Quantitative Pouring Operation. Applied Sciences, 15(7), 3501. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15073501
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Ageing and health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
  • Wu, D., Pu, L., Jo, J. et al. (2025). Technologies and Applications of Robots in Dementia Care: A Systematic Review. J Intell Robot Syst 111, 33 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-025-02232-5
  • Yang, P., Zhang, L., & Tian, X. (2025). Nurses' Experiences and Attitudes Toward the Use of Nursing Robots: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Researches. Nursing & health sciences, 27(3), e70171. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.70171
  • Zhang,J. (2025). A Review of Robots in Caring for the Elderly. Applied and Computational Engineering,116,181-186.
  • Zhang, Y., Luo, L., Wang, X. (2024). Aging with robots: A brief review on eldercare automation. Interdisciplinary Nursing Research 3(1):p 49-56, March 2024. | DOI: 10.1097/NR9.0000000000000052
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Gamze Ataman Yıldız 0000-0001-7896-4895

Fatma Eti Aslan 0000-0003-0965-1443

Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ataman Yıldız, G., & Eti Aslan, F. (2025). Robot Nurses. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 90-96. https://doi.org/10.71255/maunsbd.1790835