Elektromanyetik Kirliliğin Sağlığa Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 67 - 79, 29.12.2022

Dursun Alper Yılmaz , İbrahim Hakkı Çağıran , Gökhan Dege , Metin Yıldız , Mehmet Salih Yıldırım

Öz

Çevremizde bulunan; elektrik akımı taşıyan kablolar, radyo frekans dalgaları yayan radyo ve televizyon verici ve alıcıları, cep telefonu baz istasyonları, yüksek gerilim hatları, trafolar, tüm elektrikle çalışan cihazlar elektromanyetik alan oluştururlar ve aynı zamanda kirlilik kaynaklıdır. Elektromanyetik alan kaynakları; telekomünikasyon alanında doğrudan rafyo frekans sinyalleri üzerinden haberleşme sağlamak için kullanılan cihazlardan yayılan dalgalar ile birlikte, amacı ortama herhangi bir elektromanyetik dalga yaymak olmayan ancak işleyişi için gerekli enerjinin kullanımı nedeniyle oluşan ve cihaz dışına yayılması önlenemeyen istenmeyen dalgaları yayan tüm cihazları içine alan geniş bir tanım olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Halen etki mekanizmaları tam olarak açıklanmamış olan elektromanyetik alanların, hücrelerde hücre zarındaki reseptörlerin elektromanyetik alanlara duyarlı oldukları ve bu reseptörler üzerinden etkili oldukları düşünülmektedir. Hücrelerin iyonik yapıları üzerine etki eden elektromanyetik alanlar, hücre içerisinde iyonik değişimler ve dengesizlikler oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu değişimler hücrede RNA transkripsiyonu ve DNA sentezinde bozukluklar oluşturmasının yanı sıra hücrenin nörotransmitter ve hormonal uyarılara yanıtında da değişiklikler oluşturmaktadır. Bu etkiler genel olarak uzun dönemli maruziyet sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Elektromanyetik alanların insanlar üzerindeki biyolojik etkileri hakkında birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalardan bazılarında, Elektromanyetik alanların kalp, vücut sıcaklığı ve kanın biyokimyasal değerleri üzerine etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Buna karşın elektromanyetik alanların oluşturduğu elektriksel alan değerlerine kıyasla çok daha büyük enerjilerin vücudumuzdaki kimyasal reaksiyonlar sonucu oluştuğu gerçeğinden hareketle, vücudumuzdaki enerjiye oranla oldukça düşük kalan bu enerjinin DNA üzerinde kalıcı değişikliklere (mutasyon vb.) sebep olamayacağı da öne sürülen bir başka görüş de mevcuttur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektromanyetik Alan, Elektromanyetik Kirlilik, Sağlık

Effects of Electromagnetic Pollution on Health

Öz

Cables carrying electric current, radio and television transmitters and receivers emitting radio frequency waves, cell phone base stations, high voltage lines, transformers, in short, all electrical devices around us create electromagnetic fields and are also caused by pollution. Electromagnetic field sources; It is a broad definition that includes all devices that emit unwanted waves whose purpose is not to emit any electromagnetic waves to the environment, but which cannot be prevented from spreading outside the device. comes out. It is thought that electromagnetic fields, whose mechanisms of action are still not fully explained, are sensitive to electromagnetic fields and act on these receptors. Electromagnetic fields acting on the ionic structures of cells create ionic changes and imbalances within the cell. These effects generally occur as a result of long-term exposure. Many studies have been conducted on the biological effects of electromagnetic fields on humans. In some of these studies, it has been shown that electromagnetic fields have effects on the heart, body temperature and biochemical values of the blood. On the other hand, based on the fact that much larger energies are formed as a result of chemical reactions in our body compared to the electrical field values created by electromagnetic fields, there is another view that claims that this energy, which is very low compared to the energy in our body, cannot cause permanent changes (mutation, etc.) on DNA.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic Pollution, Health

Kaynakça

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