Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example

Selvinaz Gülçin Bozkurt; Lütfiye Kuşak

doi:10.30785/mbud.1333925

EN TR

Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example

Abstract

In this study, the effect of urban sprawl on land change in Istanbul was examined using Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data set produced for the years 1990-2018 and population information. According to this; It has been determined that urban sprawl in the study area has increased due to population growth, especially industrial units, city structures, mines and construction sites have increased by approximately 9%, while maquis areas, arable, mixed agricultural areas and forest areas have decreased by 9%. According to the K-means application, similarities in the districts were revealed between 1990 and 2018. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the districts that were in clusters with similar characteristics in the 1990s changed over time and were located in different clusters. As a result, it is predicted in the study that urban sprawl will increase further due to population growth in Istanbul.

Keywords

Urbanization, urban development, natural areas, conservation, Istanbul

İstanbul örneğinde K-Means Kümeleme Algoritması Kullanılarak Nüfus Yoğunluğu, LULC Değişimi ve Bölgeler Arası Benzerliklerin Tespiti

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) teknolojileri kullanarak, 1990-2018 yılları için üretilen CORINE Arazi Örtüsü (CLC) veri setinden ve nüfus bilgilerinden yararlanarak İstanbul’da kentsel saçaklanmanın arazi değişimi üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Buna göre; çalışma alanında kentsel saçaklanmanın nüfus artışına bağlı olarak arttığı özellikle endüstri birimleri, şehir yapısı, maden ve inşaat sahalarının yaklaşık % 9 oranında artış gösterdiği buna karşılık makilik alanlar, ekilebilir, karışık tarım alanları ve ormanlık alanların % 9 oranında azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. K-means uygulamasına göre 1990 ve 2018 yıllarında ilçelerdeki benzerlikler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 1990’lı yıllarda benzer özellikler gösteren kümelerde bulunan ilçelerin zamanla değişim gösterdiği ve farklı kümeler içerisinde yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışmada İstanbul’da nüfus artışına bağlı olarak kentsel saçaklanmanın daha fazla artacağı öngörülmüştür.

Keywords

Kentleşme, kentsel gelişme, doğal alanlar, koruma, İstanbul

References

Akkemik, U. (2017). Natural Plants of Istanbul, ÇEKÜL Foundation Publications, 1152.
Aydoğdu, M. Ozdemir, S. Dedeoğlu, F. Marble, A. (2012). Determining the misuse of agricultural lands in Ankara Province Yenimahalle District by using geographical information systems and remote sensing techniques, Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 21(2): 57-64.
Ayazlı, I., E., Kılıç, F., Lauff, S., Demir, H., Kleinschmit, B., 2015. Simulating urban growth driven by transportation networks: A case study of the Istanbul third bridge, Land Use Policy, 49 (2015):332-340.
Biłozor, A. Szuniewicz, K. Cieślak, I. (2020). The use of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database for analyzing urban sprawl, Remote Sensing, 12 (2), 282.
Bozkurt, S. G., Kuşak, L. & Akkemik, Ü. (2023). Investigation of land cover (LC)/land use (LU) change affecting forest and seminatural ecosystems in Istanbul (Turkey) metropolitan area between 1990 and 2018. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195, 196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10785-3
Clawson, M. (1962). Urban Sprawl and Speculation in Suburban Land, Land Economics, (38:2) 99-111.
Corine-land-cover, (2022). https://land.copernicus.eu/user-corner/technical-library/corine-land-cover- nomenclature-guidelines/html/index.html (Access date: 26-07-2022).
Çoban, G. & Uzun, O. (2023). Determination of environmental indicators in the context of sustainable urbanization: The case of Türkiye. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 8 (1), 301-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1207529
DİE (State Institute of Statistics), (1990-1995-2000). Census Data, İstanbul.
Dinç, G. & Gül, A. (2021). Estimation of the future land cover using Corine Land Cover data, TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 14(2), 177-188.

Doygun, H., İlçim, A., Atmaca, M., Oğuz, H. (2010). Mapping of biotopes in the city of Kahramanmaras, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Unpublished Research project), Kahramanmaraş.
Doygun, H., Oğuz, H., Kesgin, B., and Barut, I., (2012). Analysing effects of land use change on vegetation cover and agricultural areas: a case study of Izmir. 8th International Soil Congress, Land Degradation and Challenges In Soil Management, 15-17 May, Çeşme, İzmir, (In press).
Doygun, N. & Erdem, Ü. (2013). Determining the Interactions Between Land Use Potential and Area Use Structure in Bornova District, İnönü University Journal of Art and Design, 2 (5). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iujad/issue/32465/360995
Doygun, N. & Erdem, Ü. (2013). Examination of the Effects of the Urban Development Process on the Land Use Structure: Bornova, İzmir Example. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews (1), 17-22.
Eşbah, H. (2007). Land use trends during rapid urbanization of the city of Aydin, Turkey. Environmental Management, 39, pp. 443-459.
Erdoğan, N. (2011). Modeling Approach for Landscape Change Scenarios in the Example of Izmir Province: CLUE- s. PhD Thesis, Ege University Institute of Science and Technology, İzmir, 200s (Unpublished).
Genel, O. A. & Guan, C. (2021). Assessing urbanization dynamics in Turkey’s Marmara region using CORINE data between 2006 and 2018, Remote Sensing, 13(4), 664.
Gillham, O. (2002). The Limitless City: a primer on the urban sprawl debate, Island Press, p.3-45.
Gökburun, I. (2017). Development of the population in Istanbul and its distribution to districts (1950-2015), Journal of Anatolian Cultural Research, 1 (3):110-130.
İBB-Geographical Location and Strategic Importance, (2016-2021). https://www.ilimiz.net/detay/34/91/istanbul- ili-cografi-konum-ve-stratejik-onem.html.
Istanbul Provincial Environmental Status Report, (2022). https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/istanbul_-cdr2022-20230914131022.pdf
Kanbak, A. (2013). Istanbul and Urban Sprawl, MSGSU Journal of Social Sciences, 8:11 – 30.
Karataş, N. (2007). The Effects of Urban Sprawl Trends in İzmir on Land Ownership Change Processes in Torbalı- Ayrancılar, TMMOB Chamber of City Planners Planning Journal, 2, 3-10.
Kurt, S. & Duman, E. (2016). Temporal change of the effect of urban development process on land use and geomorphological units in Sakarya province, Marmara Journal of Geography, 0 (34), 268-282.
Li, F., Liu, X. S., Hu, D., Wang, R. S., Yang, W. R., Li, D., et al. (2009). Measurement indicators and an evaluation approach for assessing urban sustainable development: a case study for China's Jining City. Landscape and Urban Planning, 90(3), 134e142.
Liu, L., Peng, Z., Wu, H., Jiao, H., Yu, Y., Zhao, J. (2018). Fast Identification of Urban Sprawl Based on K-Means Clustering with Population Density and Local Spatial Entropy. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2683; doi:10.3390/su10082683
Ludlow, D. (2006). Urban Sprawl İn Europe: The ignored challenge. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/10295, Technical Report. EEA/OPOCE.
Mansuroğlu, S., Kınıklı P., Saatçi, P. (2012). Ecological Evaluation of Urban Development in Antalya and Developing Suggestions for Sustainability, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 49 (3): 255-264, ISSN 1018 – 8851.
Myga-Piątek, U. Żemła-Siesicka, A., Pukowiec-Kurda, K., Sobala, M. & Nita, J. (2021). Is there urban landscape in metropolitan areas? An unobvious answer based on corine land cover analyses, Land, 10(1), 51.
Nithya, K., Shanmugasundaram, R., Santhiyakumari, N. (2017). Study of salem city resource management using k-means clustering. 2017 Conference on Emerging Devices and Smart Systems (ICEDSS), 03-04 March 2017, Mallasamudram, India DOI: 10.1109/ICEDSS.2017.8073663
Öncel, H. & Meşhur, M. Ç. (2012). Urban Sprawl and Its Causes in the Growth of Konya Urban Area, Planning, 2021;31(2):191–207, doi: 10.14744/planlama.2021.04127.
Salvati, L., Sabbi, A. (2014). Identifying urban diffusion in compact cities through a comparative multivariate procedure. Ann Reg Sci (2014) 53:557–575, DOI 10.1007/s00168-014-0632-2
Sezgin, D. & Varol, C. (2012). The effect of urban growth and sprawl on misuse of fertile agricultural lands in Ankara, METU JFA, 29 (1), 273-288, DOI: 10.4305/METU.JFA.2012.1.15
Shen, L. & Zhou, J. (2014). Examining the effectiveness of indicators for guiding sustainable urbanization in China. Habitat International, 44, 111-120.
Topaloğlu, R. H., Aksu, A. G., Ghale, Y. A. G. & Sertel, E. (2021). High-resolution land use and land cover change analysis using GEOBIA and landscape metrics: A case of Istanbul, Turkey. Geocarto International, 37(25), 9071- 9097. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.2012273
Triantakonstantis, D. & Stathakis, D. (2015). Examining urban sprawl in Europe using spatial metrics, Geocarto International, 30(10), 1092-1112.
TÜİK, (2005-2010-2018). Istanbul province address-based population registration system database, Ankara.
Uça, Z. D. Sunar Erbek, F. Kuşak, L. Yaşa, F. & Özden, G. (2006). The use of optic and radar satellite data for coastal environments, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(17), 3739-3747.
Uzun, A. & Demir, Y. (2016). Determining the extent of urban sprawl to agricultural areas with the help of satellite images: Samsun example, Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31 (3), 408-416. DOI: 10.7161/omuanajas.269995.
Uzuneminoğlu, H. (1993). The development of cities in terms of area and the example of Samsun, Journal of OMU Education Faculty, 8: 273-290.
Westmacott, R. (1991). Scale economics: ecological theory and planning practice in urban landscapes, Landscape and Urban Planning, 21: 21-29.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Land Use and Environmental Planning

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Selvinaz Gülçin Bozkurt ^*
0000-0003-0775-2005
Türkiye

Lütfiye Kuşak
0000-0002-7265-245X
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 30, 2024

Submission Date

July 28, 2023

Acceptance Date

January 13, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 9 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1333925

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA83FA55MP

APA

Bozkurt, S. G., & Kuşak, L. (2024). Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 9(1), 69-86. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1333925

AMA

1.Bozkurt SG, Kuşak L. Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example. JASA. 2024;9(1):69-86. doi:10.30785/mbud.1333925

Chicago

Bozkurt, Selvinaz Gülçin, and Lütfiye Kuşak. 2024. “Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 9 (1): 69-86. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1333925.

EndNote

Bozkurt SG, Kuşak L (July 1, 2024) Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 9 1 69–86.

IEEE

[1]S. G. Bozkurt and L. Kuşak, “Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example”, JASA, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 69–86, July 2024, doi: 10.30785/mbud.1333925.

ISNAD

Bozkurt, Selvinaz Gülçin - Kuşak, Lütfiye. “Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 9/1 (July 1, 2024): 69-86. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1333925.

JAMA

1.Bozkurt SG, Kuşak L. Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example. JASA. 2024;9:69–86.

MLA

Bozkurt, Selvinaz Gülçin, and Lütfiye Kuşak. “Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, vol. 9, no. 1, July 2024, pp. 69-86, doi:10.30785/mbud.1333925.

Vancouver

1.Selvinaz Gülçin Bozkurt, Lütfiye Kuşak. Detection of Population Density, LULC Variation and Cross-Regional Similarities Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Istanbul Example. JASA. 2024 Jul. 1;9(1):69-86. doi:10.30785/mbud.1333925