Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District

Fraidoon Sakhai; Doğan Dursun

doi:10.30785/mbud.1812742

EN TR

Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District

Abstract

This study evaluates the potential for implementing Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Kabul’s 11th District, a rapidly urbanizing area facing automobile dependency and informal growth. A quantitative TOD index, structured into four core dimensions (density, diversity, design, and accessibility) comprising six quantitative parameters, was applied to each of the 34 bus stations in the district. By utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), normalized scores were calculated to produce a composite index. Results reveal significant spatial variation: Khosht Okhtif station achieved the highest score (0.51), while the 315 District scored lowest (0.00). The findings indicate that while planned zones exhibit localized TOD potential, strategic, integrated transport policy interventions are essential to overcome infrastructural and institutional limitations. This study offers a replicable methodology for TOD evaluation in post-conflict urban contexts and provides policy insights for fostering sustainable urban development, inclusive growth, and transit-supportive mobility in Kabul.

Keywords

Transit-oriented development (TOD), accessibility, integrated transport policies, sustainable urban development, post-conflict urban planning, Kabul

Ethical Statement

The article complies with national and international research and publication ethics. Ethics committee approval was not required for this study.

Thanks

This study was produced from the Master's Thesis titled "Evaluation of the Public Transport Oriented Development (TOD) Approach for Kabul's 11th District" completed in 2025 at the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, in the Division of Urban Design.

Çatışma Sonrası bir Kentte Toplu Taşıma Odaklı Gelişim: Kabil’in 11. Bölgesi Üzerine Endeks Temelli Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Bu çalışma, hızlı kentleşme, otomobil bağımlılığı ve enformel büyüme sorunlarıyla karşı karşıya kalan Kabil'in 11. Bölgesi'nde Toplu Taşıma Odaklı Gelişme (TOD) uygulama potansiyelini değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada, altı nicel parametreyi içeren dört temel boyut (yoğunluk, çeşitlilik, tasarım ve erişilebilirlik) çerçevesinde yapılandırılan nicel TOD endeksi, bölgedeki 34 otobüs durağının her birine uygulanmıştır. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) kullanılarak, bileşik bir endeks oluşturmak amacıyla normalize edilmiş puanlar hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar belirgin mekânsal farklılıklar ortaya koymuştur: Khosht Okhtif istasyonu en yüksek skoru (0.51) elde ederken, 315 Bölgesi en düşük skoru (0.00) almıştır. Bulgular, planlı bölgelerin yerel ölçekte TOD potansiyeli sergilemesine rağmen, altyapısal ve kurumsal kısıtlamaların aşılması için stratejik, bütünleşik ulaşım politikası müdahalelerinin şart olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, çatışma sonrası kentsel bağlamlarda TOD değerlendirmesi için tekrarlanabilir bir metodoloji sunmakta ve Kabil'de sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişmeyi, kapsayıcı büyümeyi ve toplu taşımayı destekleyen hareketliliği teşvik etmek için politika içgörüleri sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Toplu taşıma odaklı gelişme (TOD), erişilebilirlik, bütünleşik ulaşım politikaları, sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişme, çatışma sonrası kentsel planlama, Kabil

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Transport Planning, Urban and Regional Planning (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Fraidoon Sakhai ^*
0009-0004-8084-3928
Türkiye

Doğan Dursun
0000-0003-3791-0027
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 28, 2026

Submission Date

October 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 11 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1812742

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA48KZ68HW

APA

Sakhai, F., & Dursun, D. (2026). Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 11(1), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1812742

AMA

1.Sakhai F, Dursun D. Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District. JASA. 2026;11(1):427-438. doi:10.30785/mbud.1812742

Chicago

Sakhai, Fraidoon, and Doğan Dursun. 2026. “Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 11 (1): 427-38. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1812742.

EndNote

Sakhai F, Dursun D (July 1, 2026) Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 11 1 427–438.

IEEE

[1]F. Sakhai and D. Dursun, “Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District”, JASA, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 427–438, July 2026, doi: 10.30785/mbud.1812742.

ISNAD

Sakhai, Fraidoon - Dursun, Doğan. “Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications 11/1 (July 1, 2026): 427-438. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1812742.

JAMA

1.Sakhai F, Dursun D. Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District. JASA. 2026;11:427–438.

MLA

Sakhai, Fraidoon, and Doğan Dursun. “Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District”. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, vol. 11, no. 1, July 2026, pp. 427-38, doi:10.30785/mbud.1812742.

Vancouver

1.Fraidoon Sakhai, Doğan Dursun. Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District. JASA. 2026 Jul. 1;11(1):427-38. doi:10.30785/mbud.1812742

Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District

Transit-Oriented Development in a Post-Conflict City: An Index-Based Assessment of Kabul’s 11th District

Abstract

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Thanks

Çatışma Sonrası bir Kentte Toplu Taşıma Odaklı Gelişim: Kabil’in 11. Bölgesi Üzerine Endeks Temelli Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite

JASA JOURNAL TAG / MBUD DERGİ KÜNYESİ