Geleceği İnşa Etmek: Konut Binalarında Gün Işığı ve COVID-19 Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2021, , 374 - 383, 01.07.2021

Gülten Şentürk Sipahi , Ruşen Yamaçlı

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.874426

Cited By: 3

Öz

COVID-19 salgınından önce de insanlar zamanının %90’ını kapalı ortamlarda geçiriyordu. Şimdi ise çalışırken ve eğitimlerine devam ederken her zamankinden daha fazla evlerinde vakit geçiriyorlar. Bu durum konut binalarının tasarımı ve planlaması üzerinde yeniden düşünülmesini gerektiriyor. Sadece salgın zamanları olmasa da COVID-19 ve karantina süreci, yapılı ortamın tümünde bir sorun teşkil etmesine rağmen özellikle konut yapıları olmak üzere kapalı mekânlarda insan sağlığının korunmasının gerekliliği ile ilgili bir uyarıcı olmaktadır. Pandemi süreci sona erse bile mimarlık anlayışının eskisi gibi olmayacağı kesindir. Bu makalede, konut yapılarında insan sağlığı ve COVID-19 etkileri araştırılmıştır ve gelecekteki konut anlayışı için potansiyel bir çözüm olarak iç ortam kalitesinin önemli bir bileşeni olan gün ışığı aydınlatmasının önemi ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konut binaları, COVID-19 pandemisi, sağlık, refah, gün ışığı

Teşekkür

Bu makaledeki bilgi ve belgeler, ulusal ve uluslararası araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olarak yazılmıştır. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerekmemiştir.

Building the Future: An Evalution on Daylight and COVID-19 in Residental Buildings

Öz

Even before the COVID-19 epidemic, people spent 90% of their time indoor. For now, they are spending more time at their home than ever before while working and continuing their education. This situation requires a reconsider of the design and planning of residential buildings. Although there are not only epidemic times, COVID-19 and the quarantine process pose a problem in the entire built environment, it is a warning about the necessity of protecting human health indoors, especially residential buildings. Even if the pandemic process ends, it is certain that the understanding of architecture will not be the same as before. In this article, human health and the effects of COVID-19 in residential buildings were investigated and the importance of daylight lighting, which is an important component of indoor environment quality, as a potential solution for future housing concept has been revealed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Residential buildings, COVID-19 pandemic, health, well-being, daylight

Kaynakça

• Abidi, S. ve Rajagopalan, P. (2020). Investigating Daylight in the Apartment Buildings in Melbourne, Australia. Infrastructures, 5(10), 81. doi: 10.3390/infrastructures5100081, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/5/10/81
• Altena, E., Baglioni, C., Espie, C. A., Ellis, J., Gavriloff, D., Holzinger, B., ... Riemann, D. (2020). Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. Journal of Sleep Research, 29(4), e13052. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13052, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/5/10/81
• Amerio, A., Brambilla, A., Morganti, A., Aguglia, A., Bianchi, D., Santi, F., ... Capolongo, S. (2020). Covid-19 lockdown: Housing built environment’s effects on mental health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), 5973. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165973, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.mdpi.com/1660- 4601/17/16/5973
• Ammar, A., Trabelsi, K., Brach, M., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., ... Hoekelmann, A. (2020). Effects of home confinement on mental health and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: Insight from the “ECLB-COVID19” multi countries survey. MedRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.04.20091017, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.20091017v1
• Amundadottir, M. L., Rockcastle, S., Khanie, M. S. ve Andersen, M. (2017). A human-centric approach to assess daylight in buildings for non-visual health potential, visual interest and gaze behavior. Building and Environment, 113, 5-21. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.09.033, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132316303869
• Awada, M., Becerik-Gerber, B., Hoque, S., O'Neill, Z., Pedrielli, G., Wen, J. ve Wu, T. (2020). Ten questions concerning occupant health in buildings during normal operations and extreme events including the COVID-19 pandemic. Building and Environment, 107480. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107480, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132320308477?via%3Dihub
• Baleta, J., Mikulčić, H., Klemeš, J. J., Urbaniec, K. ve Duić, N. (2019). Integration of energy, water and environmental systems for a sustainable development. Journal of cleaner production, 215, 1424-1436. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.035, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619300411
• Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities. (2020). How COVID-19 is Changing the World : A Statistical Perspective. Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities. © Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities. Erişim Adresi: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33773
• Daniela, D. A., Gola, M., Letizia, A., Marco, D., Fara, G. M., Rebecchi, A., ... Capolongo, S. (2020). COVID-19 and Living Spaces challenge. Well-being and Public Health recommendations for a healthy, safe, and sustainable housing. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i9-S.10115, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32701918/
• Dietz, L., Horve, P. F., Coil, D. A., Fretz, M., Eisen, J. A. ve Van Den Wymelenberg, K. (2020). 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: built environment considerations to reduce transmission. Msystems, 5(2). doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00245-20, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://msystems.asm.org/content/5/2/e00245-20
• Edwards, L. ve Torcellini, P. (2002). Literature review of the effects of natural light on building occupants. doi: 10.2172/15000841, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/30769.pdf
• Frank, L. D., Iroz-Elardo, N., MacLeod, K. E. ve Hong, A. (2019). Pathways from built environment to health: a conceptual framework linking behavior and exposure-based impacts. Journal of Transport & Health, 12, 319-335. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2018.11.008, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214140518303360
• Hafiz, D. (2015). Daylighting, space, and architecture: a literature review. Enquiry The ARCC Journal for Architectural Research, 12(1). doi: 10.17831/enq:arcc.v12i1.391, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://arcc-journal.org/index.php/arccjournal/article/view/391
• Hobday, R. A. ve Dancer, S. J. (2013). Roles of sunlight and natural ventilation for controlling infection: historical and current perspectives. Journal of hospital infection, 84(4), 271-282. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.04.011, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(13)00154-0/fulltext
• Hoisington, A. J., Stearns-Yoder, K. A., Schuldt, S. J., Beemer, C. J., Maestre, J. P., Kinney, K. A., ... Brenner, L. A. (2019). Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health. Building and environment, 155, 58-69. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.03.036, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132319301982
• Ilie, P. C., Stefanescu, S. ve Smith, L. (2020). The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging clinical and experimental research, 32(7), 1195-1198. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01570-8, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40520-020-01570-8
• Ingrao, C., Messineo, A., Beltramo, R., Yigitcanlar, T. ve Ioppolo, G. (2018). How can life cycle thinking support sustainability of buildings? Investigating life cycle assessment applications for energy efficiency and environmental performance. Journal of cleaner production, 201, 556-569. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.080, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652618324144
• Klepeis, N. E., Nelson, W. C., Ott, W. R., Robinson, J. P., Tsang, A. M., Switzer, P., ... Engelmann, W. H. (2001). The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 11(3), 231-252, doi: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500165, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11477521/
• Knoop, M., Stefani, O., Bueno, B., Matusiak, B., Hobday, R., Wirz-Justice, A., ... Norton, B. (2020). Daylight: What makes the difference?. Lighting Research & Technology, 52(3), 423-442. doi: 10.1177/1477153519869758, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1477153519869758
• Megahed, N. A. ve Ghoneim, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102350. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210670720305710
• Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., ... Di Nicola, M. (2020). Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 75-79. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889159120305869
• Morin, C. M., Carrier, J., Bastien, C. ve Godbout, R. (2020). Sleep and circadian rhythm in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 111(5), 654- 657. doi: 10.17269/s41997-020-00382-7, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://link.springer.com/article/10.17269%2Fs41997-020-00382-7
• Mujan, I., Anđelković, A. S., Munćan, V., Kljajić, M. ve Ružić, D. (2019). Influence of indoor environmental quality on human health and productivity-A review. Journal of cleaner production, 217, 646-657. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.307, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619303348
• Odriozola-González, P., Planchuelo-Gómez, Á., Irurtia, M. J. ve De Luis-García, R. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry research, 290, 113108. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113108, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178120313147
• Pfefferbaum, B. ve North, C. S. (2020). Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(6), 510-512. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2008017, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2008017
• Pinheiro, M. D. ve Luís, N. C. (2020). COVID-19 could leverage a sustainable built environment. Sustainability, 12(14), 5863. doi: 10.3390/su12145863, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/14/5863
• Rhodes, J. M., Subramanian, S., Laird, E., Griffin, G. ve Kenny, R. A. (2021). Perspective: Vitamin D deficiency and COVID‐19 severity–plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and thrombosis. Journal of internal medicine, 289(1), 97-115. doi: 10.1111/joim.13149, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342641240_Perspective_Vitamin_D_deficiency_and_COVID-19_severity_- _plausibly_linked_by_latitude_ethnicity_impacts_on_cytokines_ACE2_and_thrombosis_R1
• Saadat, S., Rawtani, D. ve Hussain, C. M. (2020). Environmental perspective of COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 138870. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32335408/
• Schuit, M., Gardner, S., Wood, S., Bower, K., Williams, G., Freeburger, D. ve Dabisch, P. (2020). The influence of simulated sunlight on the inactivation of influenza virus in aerosols. The Journal of infectious diseases, 221(3), 372-378. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz582, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778532/
• Thompson, C. W. (2013). Activity, exercise and the planning and design of outdoor spaces. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 34, 79-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.01.003, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272494413000054
• Tokazhanov, G., Tleuken, A., Guney, M., Turkyilmaz, A. ve Karaca, F. (2020). How is COVID-19 experience transforming sustainability requirements of residential buildings? A review. Sustainability, 12(20), 8732. doi: 10.3390/su12208732, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): 10.3390/su12208732
• Ullah, I. (2014). Daylight for healthy indoor environment and energy benefits. Int. J. of Ophthalmology & Eye Sci, 2(2), 1-2, doi: 10.19070/2332-290X-140003e, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://scidoc.org/IJOES-2332-290X-02-002e.php
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S. ve Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729, Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/5/1729
• World Health Organization. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of WHO as Adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19 June - 22 July 1946; Signed on 22 July 1946 by the Representatives of 61 States (Official Records of WHO, No. 2, p. 100) and Entered into Force on 7 April 1948. Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/
• World Health Organization. (2013). Combined or multiple exposure to health stressors in indoor built environments. Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/air-quality/publications/2014/combined-or-multiple-exposure-to-health-stressors-in-indoor-built-environments
• World Health Organization. (2020). WHO director-General’s opening remarks at tha media briefing on COVID19 – 11 march 2020. Erişim Adresi (31.01.2021): https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020