Araştırma Makalesi
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Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim Bağlamında Permakültür ve Kentsel Açık ve Yeşil Alan İlişkisi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 17, 25.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.370274

Öz

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Relevance Between Permaculture and Urban Open and Green Spaces in the Context of Responsible Production and Consumption

 Abstract

Ongoing rapid population growth, migration and urbanization in cities threaten the natural equilibrium as much as reveal poor lifestyles and facility areas associating weak interactions with nature. In this process; inefficient utilization of resources and excessive consumption disrupt the ecosystems where the cities are located. The destruction of the environment and converting agricultural lands into built environs decrease the production and paradoxically increase dependency on other regions and cause many other problems from carbon emissions to the local and global scales of climate change. But this progress of situation has transformed cities into consuming and waste producing built environments in terms of nature and resources. Against these problems in recent years, ecological system based approaches and methods considering nature's cycle are being developed and discussed, with the aim of designing healthier settlements where adverse effects are reduced, resources are consciously and productively assessed. In terms of urban design, permaculture is one of the increasingly important approaches that aim to develop principles in order to sustain human life harmonious with nature. This research; driven by the need for efficient, productive and sustainable design of open and green spaces that provide the continuity of nature in cities and meet the needs of communities at different scales aims to bring forth the contributions to urban ecology, community and local governments by the permaculture point of view to the agenda. Inadequate design in terms of sustainability, obscuring the functions and properties of plant species, irrigation and drainage systems leading to leakage in terms of energy and resource utilization and lack of links between design elements has become major reasons to on urban open and green areas in this article. Accordingly, the article primarily identifies and focuses on the consumption-oriented design and other issues in the organization of urban open and green spaces. In the context of research, the achievements of efficient and effective design of urban open and green spaces within the framework of permaculture’s responsible production and consumption perspective are evaluated. Possible achievements stated at the conclusion are; providing appropriate design to the natural characteristics of a place without consuming vital resources such as water, energy where wastes are utilized in the cycle of the system that will support the resistance of cities against probable disaster and climate change, meanwhile increasing community awareness, training, unification and create job opportunities. 

Kaynakça

  • Althouse, K. (2016). An Instructional Module on Permaculture Design Theory for Landscape Architecture Students, Utah State University.
  • Aydemir, S. E. (2004). Kentsel Alanların Planlanması ve Tasarımı, Akademi Kitabevi, Trabzon.
  • Bhatta, B. (2010). Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data, Chapter 2 Causes and Consequences of Urban Growth and Sprawl, Springer - International Publisher Science, Technology, Medicine.
  • Buchan, R. (2013). The Urban Farming Guidebook, Planning for the Business of Growing Food in BC’s Towns & Cities, Vancouver.
  • Childs, M, C. (2004). Squares: A Public Place Design Guide for Urbanists, University of New Mexico Press.
  • Frank, M. (2015). Permaculture 101: An Introduction to Regenerative Design, Dovetail Partners, INC.
  • Francis, R. (2007). Permaculture Design Course Handbook, Permaculture Education Djanbung Gardens PEC.
  • Hahn, E. (2014). A Permaculture Primer, Midwest Permaculture Presents.
  • Hall, P. (2011). Design for Social Sustainability, A Framework for Creating Thriving New Communities, London.
  • Hemenway, T. (2009). Gaia's Garden: A Guide to Home-scale Permaculture, 2nd Edition, Chapter Tree, Designing the Ecological Garden, Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
  • Hemenway, T. (2015). The Permaculture City, Regenerative Design for Urban, Suburban, and Town Resilience, Chapter One.
  • Holmgren, D. (2001). The Essence of Permaculture, Extracts of Book Permaculture: Principles and Pathways to Sustainability, Holmgren Design Services, The Source of Permaculture Vision and Innovation.
  • Hopper, L. J. (2007). Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards, Wiley Publishing.
  • Mabalay Flores, J. and Bosita Mendiola, R., L. (2016). Creating Virtual Corridors: Social Network Discovery and Landscape Patch Connectivity of Permaculture Projects, University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines.
  • Magigi, W. (2013). Urbanization and Its Impacts to Food Systems and Environmental Sustainability in Urban Space: Evidence from Urban Agriculture Livelihoods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Environmental Protection, pp. ISBN: 4, 1137-1148, P. 1139 – 1142.
  • Mensah, C. A. (2014). “Destruction of Urban Green Spaces: A Problem Beyond Urbanization in Kumasi City (Ghana)”, American Journal of Environmental Protection, pp. Vol. 3, No. 1, P. 5-7.
  • Mollison, B. (1979). Permaculture: A Designers' Manual, Publishers for The Permaculture İnstitute, Second Edition.
  • Mollison, B. (1981). Introduction to Permaculture, Pamphlet I in the Permaculture Design Course Series Published By Yankee Permaculture.
  • Mollison, B. (2017). Permakültüre Giriş, Çevirmen: Egemen Özkan, Sürdürülebilir Yaşam Kitapları, Sineksekiz Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Nolasco, J. (2012). Sustainable Water Management for Urban Agriculture: Planting Justice, Oakland, Pacific Institute.
  • Pick, B. J. (2017). Renewable Energy, Problems and Prospects in Coachella Valley, California.
  • Rothe, K. (2014). Permaculture Design: On the Practice of Radical Imagination, Universität der Künste Berlin.
  • Shein, C. (2013). The Vegetable Gardener's Guide to Permaculture, Creating an Edible Ecosystem.
  • United Nations, (2004). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, New York.
  • The World Bank (2017). The United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects between 1960-2016, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
  • Yavuz, C. (2017). Türkiye Büyük Bir Tehlike İle Karşı Karşıya: İklim Değişikliği, Yetersiz Beslenme ve Açlık Kapıda, HBT – Herkese Bilim Teknoloji Dergisi, Sayı.83, 27 Ekim 2017, ss.12-13.
  • Zeeuw, H. and Drechsel, P. (2015). Cities and Agriculture, Developing Resilient Urban Food Systems, London.
  • URL-1. http://www.geofflawtononline.com/about/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Eylül 2017)
  • URL-2. http://robertpermakultur.weebly.com (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Eylül 2017)
  • URL-3. http://getpond.com/dont-be-fooled-capturing-rainwater-is-not-illegal-in-california (Erişim Tarihi: 5 Ekim 2017)
  • URL-4. https://deepgreenpermaculture.com/permaculture/permaculture-design-principles/2-eachelement-performs-many-functions/ (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Ekim 2017)
  • URL-5. http://www.small-farm-permaculture-and-sustainable-living.com/permaculture (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Kasım 2017)
  • URL-6. https://www.milkwood.net/2015/11/09/permaculture-design-process-2-making-a-base-map/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Kasım 2017)
  • URL-7. http://permateachers.eu/permaculture-design-process-7-design-drawing/ (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Kasım 2017)
  • URL-8. https://paradiselotblog.wordpress.com/about/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Aralık 2017)
  • URL-9. https://burgessparkfoodproject.org.uk/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Aralık 2017)
  • URL-10. http://urbanhomestead.org/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11 Aralık 2017)
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 17, 25.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.370274

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Althouse, K. (2016). An Instructional Module on Permaculture Design Theory for Landscape Architecture Students, Utah State University.
  • Aydemir, S. E. (2004). Kentsel Alanların Planlanması ve Tasarımı, Akademi Kitabevi, Trabzon.
  • Bhatta, B. (2010). Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data, Chapter 2 Causes and Consequences of Urban Growth and Sprawl, Springer - International Publisher Science, Technology, Medicine.
  • Buchan, R. (2013). The Urban Farming Guidebook, Planning for the Business of Growing Food in BC’s Towns & Cities, Vancouver.
  • Childs, M, C. (2004). Squares: A Public Place Design Guide for Urbanists, University of New Mexico Press.
  • Frank, M. (2015). Permaculture 101: An Introduction to Regenerative Design, Dovetail Partners, INC.
  • Francis, R. (2007). Permaculture Design Course Handbook, Permaculture Education Djanbung Gardens PEC.
  • Hahn, E. (2014). A Permaculture Primer, Midwest Permaculture Presents.
  • Hall, P. (2011). Design for Social Sustainability, A Framework for Creating Thriving New Communities, London.
  • Hemenway, T. (2009). Gaia's Garden: A Guide to Home-scale Permaculture, 2nd Edition, Chapter Tree, Designing the Ecological Garden, Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
  • Hemenway, T. (2015). The Permaculture City, Regenerative Design for Urban, Suburban, and Town Resilience, Chapter One.
  • Holmgren, D. (2001). The Essence of Permaculture, Extracts of Book Permaculture: Principles and Pathways to Sustainability, Holmgren Design Services, The Source of Permaculture Vision and Innovation.
  • Hopper, L. J. (2007). Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards, Wiley Publishing.
  • Mabalay Flores, J. and Bosita Mendiola, R., L. (2016). Creating Virtual Corridors: Social Network Discovery and Landscape Patch Connectivity of Permaculture Projects, University of the Philippines Open University, Philippines.
  • Magigi, W. (2013). Urbanization and Its Impacts to Food Systems and Environmental Sustainability in Urban Space: Evidence from Urban Agriculture Livelihoods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Environmental Protection, pp. ISBN: 4, 1137-1148, P. 1139 – 1142.
  • Mensah, C. A. (2014). “Destruction of Urban Green Spaces: A Problem Beyond Urbanization in Kumasi City (Ghana)”, American Journal of Environmental Protection, pp. Vol. 3, No. 1, P. 5-7.
  • Mollison, B. (1979). Permaculture: A Designers' Manual, Publishers for The Permaculture İnstitute, Second Edition.
  • Mollison, B. (1981). Introduction to Permaculture, Pamphlet I in the Permaculture Design Course Series Published By Yankee Permaculture.
  • Mollison, B. (2017). Permakültüre Giriş, Çevirmen: Egemen Özkan, Sürdürülebilir Yaşam Kitapları, Sineksekiz Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Nolasco, J. (2012). Sustainable Water Management for Urban Agriculture: Planting Justice, Oakland, Pacific Institute.
  • Pick, B. J. (2017). Renewable Energy, Problems and Prospects in Coachella Valley, California.
  • Rothe, K. (2014). Permaculture Design: On the Practice of Radical Imagination, Universität der Künste Berlin.
  • Shein, C. (2013). The Vegetable Gardener's Guide to Permaculture, Creating an Edible Ecosystem.
  • United Nations, (2004). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, New York.
  • The World Bank (2017). The United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects between 1960-2016, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
  • Yavuz, C. (2017). Türkiye Büyük Bir Tehlike İle Karşı Karşıya: İklim Değişikliği, Yetersiz Beslenme ve Açlık Kapıda, HBT – Herkese Bilim Teknoloji Dergisi, Sayı.83, 27 Ekim 2017, ss.12-13.
  • Zeeuw, H. and Drechsel, P. (2015). Cities and Agriculture, Developing Resilient Urban Food Systems, London.
  • URL-1. http://www.geofflawtononline.com/about/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Eylül 2017)
  • URL-2. http://robertpermakultur.weebly.com (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Eylül 2017)
  • URL-3. http://getpond.com/dont-be-fooled-capturing-rainwater-is-not-illegal-in-california (Erişim Tarihi: 5 Ekim 2017)
  • URL-4. https://deepgreenpermaculture.com/permaculture/permaculture-design-principles/2-eachelement-performs-many-functions/ (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Ekim 2017)
  • URL-5. http://www.small-farm-permaculture-and-sustainable-living.com/permaculture (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Kasım 2017)
  • URL-6. https://www.milkwood.net/2015/11/09/permaculture-design-process-2-making-a-base-map/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Kasım 2017)
  • URL-7. http://permateachers.eu/permaculture-design-process-7-design-drawing/ (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Kasım 2017)
  • URL-8. https://paradiselotblog.wordpress.com/about/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Aralık 2017)
  • URL-9. https://burgessparkfoodproject.org.uk/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Aralık 2017)
  • URL-10. http://urbanhomestead.org/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11 Aralık 2017)
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Arash Najafıdashtape

Cenk Hamamcıoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Najafıdashtape, A., & Hamamcıoğlu, C. (2018). Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim Bağlamında Permakültür ve Kentsel Açık ve Yeşil Alan İlişkisi. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 3(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.370274