AMERİKAN HUKUKUNDA KİŞİ HAKLARI İLE KAMU YARARLARININ DENGELENMESİNE İLİŞKİN İLKELER VE KAMU OKULLARINDA YAPILAN ARAMALARIN HUKUKİ DURUMU

Abstract

The U.S. Constitution includes many fundamental guarantees of individual liberty, including the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. According to The Fourth Amendment all searches and seizures must be reasonable and be supported by probable cause in order for them to be conducted. The Fourth Amendment protects the people against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrant based on probable cause. This Amendment provides a general standard that all searches and seizures must be reasonable. It also imposes obtaining warrant, relying on probable cause, and describing particularly the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourth Amendment to include a presumptive warrant requirement. The Supreme Court, however, has also recognized situations that render obtaining a warrant impractical or against the public’s interest and has accordingly crafted various exceptions to the warrant and probable cause requirements of the Fourth Amendment. There are some exceptions to the warrant requirement, which have been established by the Supreme Court. To give an example of those exceptions is school search. At the schools as a principle, officers may conduct routine stops and searches without a warrant or probable cause. Routine searches are permissible under the school search doctrine, not requiring a search warrant, probable cause, reasonable suspicion, or even an articulable suspicion. School searches at the public scholl is made primarily by school officers

Keywords

• Fourth Amendment, search warrant, search, seizure, school search, drug testing, probable cause, reasonable suspicion, routine searches

AMERİKAN HUKUKUNDA KİŞİ HAKLARI İLE KAMU YARARLARININ DENGELENMESİNE İLİŞKİN İLKELER VE KAMU OKULLARINDA YAPILAN ARAMALARIN HUKUKİ DURUMU

Öz

ABD Hukukunda, arama, elkoyma ve yakalama işlemlerine karşı kişilere güvenceler sağlayan düzenleme Anayasa’nın Ek 4. Maddesidir. Bu madde genel olarak devlet görevlilerinin yerine getireceği bu işlemlerin makul olarak yürütülmesini; yapılacak işlemler için hakimden karar alınmasını, kararın da hem bir makul sebebe dayanmasını, hem de yapılacak işlemlerin kapsamını belirginleştirmesini öngörmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABD Hukuku, Ek 4. Madde, karar zorunluluğu, arama, rutin arama, okullarda arama, uyuşturucu testleri, makul sebep, makul

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