A BRIEF SUMMARY OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PROCESS AT THE UNITED STATES JUDICIAL SYSTEM ((Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Yargısal Sisteminde Ceza Yargılaması)

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 5, 707 - 725, 02.10.2015

Dr. İlyas Şahin

Öz

In the United States there is a federative structure, and each state and the federal government have their own criminal justice processes, federal criminal procedure law and 50 different state jurisdictions. Criminal procedure law is studied into two parts, the pre-trial (investigatory) process and the trial (adjudicatory) process. In this study, we will give brief information about the United States Criminal Procedure. Because of its federative structure, the U.S has 51 different criminal procedure laws, which include federal criminal procedure law and 50 different state criminal procedure laws as well. Therefore it is quite hard to understand the U.S system from many aspects. We try to make it simple and understandable by providing readers a general knowledge about the common law criminal procedure system rather than explain every detail. Although the U.S has an accusatorial common law tradition whereas our system has a structure tending toward the inquisitorial tradition as a civil law country, there are substantial amount of similarities between two judicial systems. It is generally

Anahtar Kelimeler

USA, Constition, judicial system, criminal procedure, investigatory process, adjudicatory, trial- adjudicatory process, appeal, evidence

Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Yargısal Sisteminde Ceza Yargılaması

Öz

Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde federal bir yapı bulunmakta; her eyaletin ve federal devletin kendine ait bir ceza yargılaması sistemi bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla 50 eyalet ceza yargılaması ve federal ceza yargılamasından oluşmaktadır. Ceza yargılaması temelde iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Yargılama öncesi aşama ve yargılama aşaması. Bu çalışmada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ceza yargılaması usulü hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Federal bir yapı bulunması sebebiyle 50 eyalet ceza yargılaması ve federal ceza yargılaması olmak üzere 51 farklı ceza yargılamasından oluşan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ceza yargılaması sisteminin anlaşılması zor olan yönleri bulunmaktadır. Genel bir bakış açısı ile yapılan bu özet çalışmada ABD ceza yargılaması sisteminin detaylarına inmekten uzak durarak okuyucu açısından sistemin kolay anlaşılır kılınması tercih edilmiştir. Bizim de dahil olduğumuz Kara Avrupası hukuk sisteminde tahkik sistemi bulunmakla birlikte, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ceza yargılaması sistemi itham sistemini korumaktadır. Bununla birlikte, iki sistem arasında çok temel alanlarda da benzerlikler bulunmaktadır. Genellikle ifade etmek gerekirse, her iki sistem arasında gün geçtikçe yakınlaşma artmaktadır. Türk Hukuku ve Kara Avrupası ceza yargılaması sistemi zaten bilinen ve üzerinde çok çalışma yapılmış olan alanlardır. Bu sebeple farklı bir alandan bir ceza yargılaması örneği sunmak bakımından Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ceza yargılaması sistemi tercih edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

ABD, Anayasa, yargısal sistem, ceza yargılaması, soruşturma aşaması, yargılama aşaması, temyiz, deliller

Kaynakça

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• SALOKAR, Rebecca M., (1994), Solicitor General, The Politics of Law, Philadelphia, Temple University Press
• WRIGHT, Sam,Jr., (2008), You Are Being Betrayed By The US Government, Bloomington-Indiana, Publisher: AuthorHouse.
• GARDNER Thomas, ANDERSON, Terry, (2012), Criminal Evidence: Principles and Cases, Eight Edition, published by Cengage Learning,
• PARISI, Francesco, “Rent-Seeking Through Litigation: Adversarial And Inquisitorial Systems Compared”, Published in International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 22, No. 2, August 2002, p. 193-216. This paper can be downloaded from the Social Science Research Network at http:// ssrn.com/abstract_id=229687
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